Which of the following terms does NOT belong with the others?
answer
thalamus
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If an animal has had its cerebrum removed, it cannot
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see
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Preganglionic fibers run from
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gray matter to autonomic ganglia.
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from
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insensitivity of cells to insulin.
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The autonomic nervous system controls all of the following except the
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skeletal muscle in the rectus abdominis.
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Which of the following is NOT part of the limbic system?
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lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
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A decrease in the number of voltage-gated Ca2+ ion channels in the presynaptic terminal would
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reduce or inhibit transmission across the synapse.
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The ___ secrete(s) a hormone as a response to hypocalcemia.
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parathyroid glands
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Which of the following statements is true regarding cerebral lateralization? Check all that apply.
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Left-handed people usually exhibit a wider frontal, parietal, and occipital lobe on the left compared to the same lobes on the right.
Imagination, insight, and artistic skill are usually specialties of the right hemisphere.
Lateralization develops with age and is not already developed at birth.
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Many hours after a meal, alpha (?) cells in the pancreatic islets (islets of Langerhans) secrete
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glucagon, which raises blood glucose.
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Which of the following will cause the plasma membrane to hyperpolarize when at its RMP?
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inflow of chloride
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After a stroke a patient complains about lack of sensitivity in her right hand. The stroke most likely affected the
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postcentral gyrus in the left parietal lobe.
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The ___ secrete(s) ___, which promotes Na+ and water retention.
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adrenal cortex; aldosterone
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Damage to the ___ may affect near vision accommodation.
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oculomotor nerve (CN III)
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The specificity of hormone action derives from
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target cell receptors that are unique for each hormone.
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During the absolute refractory period
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no stimulus of any strength will trigger a new action potential.
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The negative value of the resting membrane potential means:
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there are more negatively charged particles on the inside of the membrane than on the outside.
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Which of the following is associated with the "flight or fight" reaction?
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reduced urinary output
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In diabetes mellitus,
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all of the above.
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Interneurons:
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are contained entirely within the CNS and carry signals from one neuron to another.
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Cortisol
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promotes breakdown of fat and protein.
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Steroid hormones
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all of the above.
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Jerry drinks a few beers and soon has to urinate. The alcohol has
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inhibited secretion of ADH.
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Neither follicle stimulating (FSH) hormone nor testosterone alone can stimulate significant sperm production, whereas when they act together, the testes produce some 300,000 sperm per minute. This exemplifies
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the synergistic effect.
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The fundamental physiological properties that enable nerve cells to communicate with other cells are:
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The first, second, and third choices are correct.
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Which of the following is correctly associated with the medulla oblongata?
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It contains nuclei for regulation of heart rate and blood vessel diameter.
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Which of the following functions would most likely be controlled by the representational hemisphere of the cerebrum?
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painting a picture
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Choose the INCORRECT statement regarding how the nervous system coordinates homeostasis in the body.
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The spinal cord and brain process information without regard to past experiences, and determine what response, if any, is appropriate to the circumstances.
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matching
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gaba-It is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the brain.
Acetylcholine-It excites skeletal muscle and inhibits cardiac muscle.
Norepinephrine-It is involved in dreaming, waking, and mood. It also excites cardiac muscle.
dopamine-It is involved in the elevation of mood and the control of skeletal muscles.
serotonin-It is involved in sleepiness, alertness, thermoregulation and mood.
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matching neurotransmitters
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glutamate-It is involved in learning and memory.
Enkephalins-It inhibits intestinal motility and secretion increases sharply in women in labor.
Substance P-It mediates pain transmission.
Glycine-It is the most common inhibitory neurotransmitter of the spinal cord.
B-endorphin-It reduces the perception of fatigue and may produce "runners high" in athletes.
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Oxytocin is administered to women following childbirth to stimulate
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uterine contractions.
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A hormone is a ______ and the target cell is __________.
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molecule that has a metabolic effect on another cell; a cell that has receptors for specific hormones
The rate of hormone removal is called the __________, and the length of time required to clear 50% of the hormone from the blood is the ____________.
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metabolic clearance rate; half-life
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A lesion of the ___ would probably cause a person to sleep for random lengths of time during a 24-hour period.
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suprachiasmatic nucleus
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Compared to the nervous system, the endocrine system
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may have a longer lasting effect.
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Prostaglandins have all the following roles except
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to stop fever and pain.
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matching NTs
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Acetylcholine-It excites skeletal muscle and inhibits cardiac muscle.
Norepinephrine-It is involved in dreaming, waking, and mood. It also excites cardiac muscle.
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Complete each statement by using the appropriate word or phrase from the list.
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see presynaptic folder image
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Which nerve(s) carries the most parasympathetic fibers?
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vagus nerve (CN X)
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The role of Insulin is to __________.
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allow cells to take in glucose
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Inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) are associated with
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hyperpolarization of the cell membrane.
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All these can cause Cushing syndrome except
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hyperactivity of the adrenal medulla.
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As a result of the general stress response, blood concentrations of epinephrine
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and cortisol rise.
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Choose the correct statement about myelin.
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It is best not to give children under 2 years old low-fat diets.
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The nervous system reacts to stimuli _____ compared to the endocrine system, adapts _____ compared to the endocrine system, and has _____ effects compared to the endocrine system.
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quickly; quickly; specific
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Negative feedback inhibition occurs when
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thyroid hormone (TH) targets the anterior pituitary.
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__ are secreted by one cell into the tissue fluid, diffuse to nearby cells in the same tissue, and stimulate their physiology.
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Paracrines
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Destruction of the amygdala would mostly affect
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expression of emotional feelings.
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Lesions of the basal nuclei could cause
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a slight shaking of the hands or head.
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The pons is not associated with
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neck movements
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Drag each of the given signs and symptoms of nerve damage to the proper position to indicate the nerve most likely affected by the condition.
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see folder
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The fundamental physiological properties that enable nerve cells to communicate with other cells are:
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The first, second, and third choices are correct.
question
Accumulation of Ca2+ in the synaptic knob is called ___, and probably plays an important role in ___.
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synaptic facilitation; short-term memory
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Loss of equilibrium and motor coordination would most likely be related to a lesion in the
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cerebellum.
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Which of the following is/are functions of the enteric nervous system? Check all that apply.
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It regulates the movement of contents through the esophagus.
It regulates the secretion of digestive enzymes.
It innervates smooth muscles of the intestines.
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The hypothalamus controls the posterior pituitary by
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neuroendocrine reflexes.
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The most conspicuous effects of GH-IGF1 are on:
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All of the choices are correct.
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Which of the following is true?
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Unmyelinated axons rest in invaginations of Schwann cells or oligodendrocytes..
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Which of these happens first in an adrenergic synaptic transmission?
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G protein dissociates from the NE receptor
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Sensory neurons carrying action potentials from pain receptors synapse within the spinal cord with interneurons. These interneurons synapse with motor neurons leading back to an effector and ascending neurons that carry action potentials toward the brain. This is an example of a(n) _____ pathway.
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divergent
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Autonomic nervous system fibers are involved in all of the following except
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maintaining tonicity of the muscles of the neck.
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Which of the following structures is mainly white matter?
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Corpus callosum
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Match each hormone description with its standard abbreviation.
answer
see folder
question
Which of the following would help to determine if the oculomotor nerve was damaged?
answer
have the patient look superiorly and inferiorly
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This is the last step in the sequence of events happening when cyclic AMP acts as a second messenger.
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enzymes are activated or deactivated by the action of protein kinases
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Pair each type of axonal transport with its definition.
answer
see folder
question
If cerebrospinal fluid does not drain properly,
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the excess fluid exerts pressure on the brain.
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The most important mechanism for transmitting qualitative information is:
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the labeled line code.
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The best type of neural pool for producing a prolonged output is
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a reverberating circuit.
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A damaged peripheral nerve fiber may regenerate if:
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The first and third choices are correct.
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An action potential arriving at the presynaptic terminal causes what to occur?
answer
Voltage-gated calcium ion channels open, and calcium ions diffuse into the cell.
question
Target cells for releasing hormones are in the
answer
anterior pituitary gland.
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