Life Chapter 8

According to Freud, the development of the anal stage occurs between what ages in children?

The authors of your text describe the period of early childhood in terms of which of the following?

Freud's view of children's development during the preschool years focuses on which two stages?

According to Erikson, a preschooler's development is centered on

The preschool years, from age two to age six, include which two of Erikson's stages of development?

Which of the following abilities initiates the Eriksonian crisis of initiative versus guilt?

Which of the following is a central theme that emerges from both Freud's and Erikson's view of development during the preschool period?

On which two factors do young children rely as they categorize or classify other people?

According to your text, individuals are more likely to remember faces of people of their own race than those of a different race. This demonstrates which of the following principles?

Which of the following is an example of a social convention?

Which of the following best summarizes young children's understanding of intentions?

According to Li-Grining, how do children learn impulse control?

Tommy is a difficult child. His parents have finally given up on trying to control his impulsive behaviors. How is this likely to influence Tommy's social relationships?

In early childhood, what characterizes the development of the emotional self?

What is the term that describes a child's ability to cheer themselves up when they are sad or calm themselves when they are angry?

As the categorical self and the emotional self mature, what new component of self-concept is likely to develop?

What is Hoffman's first stage of empathy development, which is characterized by an infant matching the strong emotion of another?

Tyler saw that his mother was upset. He toddled over to her and tried to hand her his bottle, as if to comfort her. Hoffman would say that Tyler is demonstrating which of the following?

Georgia feels sad whenever she sees homeless people. She worries that they are cold at night and may not have enough to eat. Hoffman would suggest that Georgia is exhibiting which of the following?

Which of the following best describes egocentric empathy?

Guilt, shame, and pride are all examples of which of the following?

According to Koenig, Cicchetti & Rogosch (2004), what is likely to happen to a child who does not have a warm trusting relationship with their parents?

According to Freud, which of the following plays a key role in children's development of a gender role concept and a sex role?

Gender schema theory grew out of which of the following perspectives?

Crystal labels boys and girls according to their hair style and the types of clothes they wear. Crystal has not yet developed which of the following?

Deion tells his mother that he will always be a boy and can never be a girl. This is an illustration of Deion's grasp of what principle?

According to gender schema theory, which of the following will be true of a 5 or 6 year-old child?

By what age does a child's gender identity develop?

A child's ability to label his or her own sex correctly and to identify other people as men or women is called __________?

If Matthew understands gender stability, which of the following will he likely assume?

Which of the following best summarizes the biological influence on the psychological differences between males and females?

Multicultural studies have found similar gender stereotypes across cultures. Which of the following is a common gender stereotype for men?

Multicultural studies have found similar gender stereotypes across cultures. Which of the following is a common gender stereotype for women?

By what age do children know that gender is permanent and look for roles as to how males and females should behave?

Which of the following is a style of communicating that usually involves girls using suggestions, support, and agreement between themselves?

The constricting, or restrictive, pattern of interacting with playmates

Which of the following is an accurate statement about cross-gender behavior in childhood?

Which of the following terms is used to describe behavior that is not typical of one's own gender?

Which of the following is an accurate statement about attachment relationships of children in early childhood teachers?

Which of the following is the best description of Bowlby's goal-corrected partnership?

Which of the following best defines the term parenting styles?

Which of the following is one of the dimensions of family functioning conceptualized by Diana Baumrind in her study of parenting styles?

The parenting style that is high in nurturance and low in maturity

According to research, which parental characteristic is most consistently related to children's secure attachments, altruistic and empathetic behaviors, and school achievements?

Children with parents who have high maturity demands tend to exhibit which of the following personality traits?

Authoritarian and authoritative parents would vary most widely on which of the following dimensions of parenting?

Which parenting style has the most consistently positive outcomes?

Will rarely turns in his school work and does not seem concerned when he gets bad grades. His parents seem to love him and they give him pretty much whatever he asks for and believe that most parents are too strict. When he was in trouble at school, Will's parents minimized the teacher's concerns as silly and did not punish Will. Which parenting style would you say best describes Will's parents?

Which parenting style is associated with the most socially competent children?

When a child misbehaves and the parent responds by sticking to their rules, but does not assert unnecessary power over the child, which parenting style is being used?

Which of the following might contribute to neglecting or uninvolved parenting?

Which of the following is the best example of inductive discipline?

Children who have difficult temperaments and enjoy risk-taking will likely respond best to which type of discipline?

Which of the following is a negative consequence of spanking as a form of discipline?

Under which circumstances might spanking be used as effective punishment?

In a study of how ethnicity and socioeconomic status interact with parenting styles, researchers found that which parenting style was linked to positive outcomes for African American and Asian American adolescents?

Which of the following is the most likely reason that African American and Asian American families use an authoritarian parenting style with their children?

In the United States, approximately how many children live with both of their biological or adoptive parents?

Your text reports that as of the year 2010, what percentage of children in the United States were living in two-parent homes?

Beginning in the 1990s, which group experienced the most rapid growth in single motherhood?

Which statement regarding family structure and ethnicity is true?

Children of gay or lesbian parents are

Which of the following changes in children would one expect to see in the first few years after divorce?

Which of the following is perhaps the most important factor that negatively affects children after a divorce?

Justin borrowed a crayon from Jason. Both boys are coloring in separate coloring books. In what type of play are the boys engaging?

Which of the following is NOT a descriptive characteristic of 3-year-old boys who, according to some studies, have poor social relationships?

When four-year-old Deidra wants an item or an activity, she will attack her parents with her fists until they laughingly and protestingly give her what she wants.

Which of the following parental behaviors is linked to higher rates of altruistic or prosocial behavior in their children?

Kyle and Tawnie are playing school. Kyle is pretending to be the teacher and Tawnie is pretending to be the student. Tawnie is well- behaved as a "student" and answers questions appropriately when Kyle asks them. Tawnie's behavior is an example of which of the following?

Which of the following is one reason a child might experience peer rejection?

What is the term sociologists use for the Native American tradition of viewing parenting as the responsibility of the child's entire family, including grandparents and aunts and uncles?

Six-year-old Harry asks his mother if he can stay up until 9 p.m. on Friday night to watch a special educational TV program. His mother says, "We'll try it this once to see how it goes." What is Harry's mother's parenting style?

Which of the following is the best example of the typical pattern of parents' wishes for a two-year-old?

When 4-year-old Mariella thinks of activities, behaviors, or personal characteristics as being "for mommy" or "for daddy," she is using which of the following?

Children who are able to classify other people into groups such as "people who are nice" and "people who are mean" are demonstrating which of the following?

Which of the following parental behaviors is linked to higher rates of altruistic or prosocial behavior in their children?

By what age do children generally believe that it is more wrong for a child to hit another person than to forget to say "please"?

"The psychological and social associates and implications of biological sex" defines which of the following?