ScienceBiologyA&P – Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity Of Form And Function – Chapter 20: The Blood Vessels – MEGAKIT
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A&P - Anatomy & Physiology: The Unity Of Form And Function - Chapter 20: The Blood Vessels - MEGAKIT

Caleb Taylor avatar Caleb Taylor
25 July 2022
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question
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Capillary beds have precapillary ____________ at the junction of capillaries and the metarteriole.
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Capillary beds have precapillary ____________ at the junction of capillaries and the metarteriole.
answer
sphincters
question
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Constriction of these sphincters ____________ the blood flow through their respective capillaries.
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Constriction of these sphincters ____________ the blood flow through their respective capillaries.
answer
reduces
question
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. When this occurs, blood is ____________ to tissue or organs elsewhere.
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. When this occurs, blood is ____________ to tissue or organs elsewhere.
answer
diverted
question
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. When the sphincters are open, blood will ____________ the capillary bed.
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. When the sphincters are open, blood will ____________ the capillary bed.
answer
fill
question
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Blood flow is ____________ according to metabolic needs.
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Blood flow is ____________ according to metabolic needs.
answer
redirected
question
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. After a meal the ____________ receive priority and the skeletal muscles receive very little flow.
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. After a meal the ____________ receive priority and the skeletal muscles receive very little flow.
answer
intestines
question
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. During exercise the skeletal muscles receive ____________ blood flow.
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. During exercise the skeletal muscles receive ____________ blood flow.
answer
more
question
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Most of the redirection will occur in the ____________ .
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Most of the redirection will occur in the ____________ .
answer
arterioles
question
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Typically, fluid filters ____________ the arterial end of a capillary.
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Typically, fluid filters ____________ the arterial end of a capillary.
answer
out
question
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Fluid will then osmotically reenter at the ____________ end.
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. Fluid will then osmotically reenter at the ____________ end.
answer
venous
question
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. This fluid delivers materials to the cells and removes its ____________ .
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. This fluid delivers materials to the cells and removes its ____________ .
answer
waste
question
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. This shift in fluid balance at the arterial end is referred to as ____________ pressure.
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. This shift in fluid balance at the arterial end is referred to as ____________ pressure.
answer
hydrostatic
question
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. This is the physical force exerted by a ____________ against a surface like a capillary wall.
Place a single word into each sentence to make it correct. This is the physical force exerted by a ____________ against a surface like a capillary wall.
answer
liquid
question
Drag each label into the appropriate position to identify whether the characteristic is indicative of arteries or veins. ARTERIES
Drag each label into the appropriate position to identify whether the characteristic is indicative of arteries or veins. ARTERIES
answer
• Exhibit greater ability to alter vessel diameter • Loosely termed "resistance vessels" • Loosely termed "pressure reservoirs" • Pulsatile flow of blood • Usually carry oxygenated blood from the heart to the body
question
Drag each label into the appropriate position to identify whether the characteristic is indicative of arteries or veins. VEINS
Drag each label into the appropriate position to identify whether the characteristic is indicative of arteries or veins. VEINS
answer
• Contain the majority of blood at any one time • Collapsed when empty • Loosely referred to as "capacitance vessels" • Provide for relatively consistent velocity of blood flow • Rely on the respiratory and skeletal muscular pumps to propel blood
question
Indicate whether the given condition would increase or decrease blood flow with all other factors being equal. INCREASED FLOW
Indicate whether the given condition would increase or decrease blood flow with all other factors being equal. INCREASED FLOW
answer
• Aldosterone hypersecretion • Increasing blood pressure • Increasing blood velocity • Increasing vessel radius
question
Indicate whether the given condition would increase or decrease blood flow with all other factors being equal. DECREASED FLOW
Indicate whether the given condition would increase or decrease blood flow with all other factors being equal. DECREASED FLOW
answer
• Dehydration • Increased resistance • Increasing blood viscosity • Increasing red blood cell count • Increasing vessel length • Vasoconstriction
question
Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart.
Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart.
answer
1. Conducting arteries 2. Distributing arteries 3. Resistance arteries 4. Arterioles 5. Capillaries 6. Post-capillary venules 7. Muscular venules 8. Medium veins 9. Venus sinuses 10. Large veins
question
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. The highest pressure exerted on the arterial walls during the heart cycle is referred to as ____________ .
answer
systolic blood pressure
question
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. When one third of pulse pressure is added to the diastolic pressure, a good estimate of ____________ is obtained.
answer
mean arterial pressure
question
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. The ____________ is measured when the heart is relaxing and represents the lowest pressure exerted in the walls of the arteries during the heart cycle.
answer
diastolic blood pressure
question
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. Subtracting the SBP from the DBP results in ____________ which is directly proportional to the overall strength of one's pulse.
answer
pulse pressure
question
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. The ____________ is the first vessel blood enters upon exiting the heart.
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. The ____________ is the first vessel blood enters upon exiting the heart.
answer
aorta
question
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. The ____________ expand and recoil with every heart beat due to a histologically dominant network of elastic tissue in the tunica media.
answer
large (elastic) arteries
question
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. Just prior to entering capillary beds, ____________ have become extremely thin and present only a few layers of smooth muscle.
answer
arterioles
question
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. The site of gaseous exchange, or ____________ , are characterized by extremely thin walls with only endothelium and basal lamina, which better suits diffusional requirements.
answer
capillaries
question
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. After exiting the capillary, ____________ contain no muscle and are the first vessel that blood enters on its way back to the heart.
answer
venules
question
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. The ____________ contain abundant but irregularly spaced smooth muscle with frequent valves present in the tunica interna.
answer
medium veins
question
Complete each sentence by dragging the proper label into the appropriate position. The superior vena cava is an example of a ____________ that includes smooth muscle circularly and longitudinally arranged in the tunica media and externa, respectively.
answer
large vein
question
Why do fluids leave the capillaries at the arterial end?
Why do fluids leave the capillaries at the arterial end?
answer
The net filtration pressure of the blood is higher at the arterial end than it is at the venous end.
question
Approximately what percent of fluid that exits the capillaries at the arterial end reenters the capillaries at the venous end?
Approximately what percent of fluid that exits the capillaries at the arterial end reenters the capillaries at the venous end?
answer
90%
question
TRUE OR FALSE: The lymphatic capillaries reabsorb as much as 20% of the fluid lost by the blood capillaries.
TRUE OR FALSE: The lymphatic capillaries reabsorb as much as 20% of the fluid lost by the blood capillaries.
answer
False
question
TRUE OR FALSE The net osmotic pressure is equal at both the arterial and the venous ends of the capillary.
TRUE OR FALSE The net osmotic pressure is equal at both the arterial and the venous ends of the capillary.
answer
True
question
Which of the following contains chemoreceptors?
Which of the following contains chemoreceptors?
answer
Medulla oblongata
question
TRUE OR FALSE Increased sympathetic stimulation causes increased heart rate and stroke volume.
TRUE OR FALSE Increased sympathetic stimulation causes increased heart rate and stroke volume.
answer
True
question
Where are baroreceptors found?
Where are baroreceptors found?
answer
carotid sinuses
question
Action potentials are conducted from the baroreceptors to the brain via which nerve?
Action potentials are conducted from the baroreceptors to the brain via which nerve?
answer
glossopharyngeal nerve
question
The action potential from the brain to the heart travels along which nerve(s)?
The action potential from the brain to the heart travels along which nerve(s)?
answer
Vagus nerve
question
TRUE OR FALSE Heart rate and stroke volume decrease with a decrease in parasympathetic stimulation.
TRUE OR FALSE Heart rate and stroke volume decrease with a decrease in parasympathetic stimulation.
answer
False
question
TRUE OR FALSE Increased sympathetic stimulation causes vasodilation, bringing elevated blood pressure back to normal.
TRUE OR FALSE Increased sympathetic stimulation causes vasodilation, bringing elevated blood pressure back to normal.
answer
False
question
Drag each label to the appropriate position to identify whether the given vessel directly arises from the aorta or from another (other) named vessel. AORTA
Drag each label to the appropriate position to identify whether the given vessel directly arises from the aorta or from another (other) named vessel. AORTA
answer
• Esophageal • Gonadal • Left common carotid • Renal • Superior mesenteric
question
Drag each label to the appropriate position to identify whether the given vessel directly arises from the aorta or from another (other) named vessel. OTHER
Drag each label to the appropriate position to identify whether the given vessel directly arises from the aorta or from another (other) named vessel. OTHER
answer
• internal iliac • jejunal • left axillary • pancreatic • sigmoid
question
Drag each label to the appropriate position to identify whether the given vessel empties directly into the superior or inferior vena cava or into another (other) named vessel. SUPERIOR or INFERIOR VENA CAVA
answer
• Azygos vein • Hepatic • Left brachiocephalic • Lumbar veins • Renal
question
Drag each label to the appropriate position to identify whether the given vessel empties directly into the superior or inferior vena cava or into another (other) named vessel. OTHER
answer
• Atrial • Femoral • Gastric • Posterior intercostal veins • Superior mesenteric
question
Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart.
Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart.
answer
1. Aorta 2. Brachiocephalic trunk 3. Right subclavian artery 4. Brachial artery 5. Ulnar artery 6. Venous palmar arches 7. Basilic vein 8. Subclavian vein 9. Brachiocephalic vein 10. Superior vena cava
question
Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart.
Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart.
answer
1. Aorta 2. Brachiocephalic trunk 3. Right common carotid artery 4. Right internal caroid artery 5. Cerebral arterial circle 6. Cavernous sinus 7. Right internal jugular vein 8. Right brachiocephalic vein 9. Superior vena cava
question
Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart.
Place the following vessels in the order through which blood would pass, beginning with blood entering the systemic circuit after exiting the heart.
answer
1. Aorta 2. Common iliac artery 3. External iliac artery 4. Femoral artery 5. Popliteal artery 6. Popliteal vein 7. Femoral vein 8. External iliac vein 9. Common iliac vein 10. Inferior vena cava
question
Read the statements below and determine the stage of shock to which they belong. DECOMPENSATED SHOCK
Read the statements below and determine the stage of shock to which they belong. DECOMPENSATED SHOCK
answer
• Half of those who go into this type of shock die from of it • Ischemia/acidosis of brainstem depress the vasomotor and cardiac centres • Life-threatening positive feedback loops occur • Poor cardiac output results in myocardial ischemia and infarction • slow circulation of the blood can lead to DIC
question
Read the statements below and determine the stage of shock to which they belong. COMPENSATED SHOCK
Read the statements below and determine the stage of shock to which they belong. COMPENSATED SHOCK
answer
• Brings about spontaneous recovery • Hypotension triggers production of angiotensin II • Hypotension triggers the baroreflex • When a person falls to a horizontal position, gravity restores blood flow to brain
question
Determine whether the following statements are associated with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a stroke/cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Stroke/CVA
Determine whether the following statements are associated with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a stroke/cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Stroke/CVA
answer
• Can be produced by artherosclerosis, thrombosis or a ruptured aneurysm • Effect ranges from unnoticeable to fatal • Recovery depends on the ability of neighboring neurons to take over the lost functions • The sudden death of brain tissue caused by ischemia
question
Determine whether the following statements are associated with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a stroke/cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Transient Ischemic Attack
Determine whether the following statements are associated with a transient ischemic attack (TIA) or a stroke/cerebrovascular accident (CVA). Transient Ischemic Attack
answer
• Brief episode of Cerebral ischemia • Last from just a moment to a few hours • May result from spasms of diseased cerebral arteries • Temporary dizziness, loss of vision , weakness, paralysis, headache or aphasia
question
Which vessels have the thickest tunica media?
answer
large arteries
question
TRUE OR FALSE: Large veins, medium veins, and venules have valves to prevent the backflow of blood.
answer
False
question
Hypertension is commonly considered to be a chronic resting blood pressure higher than __________.
answer
140/90
question
Where is the greatest volume of blood found in the body?
answer
veins
question
Where is the vasomotor center located?
answer
medulla oblongata
question
What are the afferent vessels that carry blood back to the heart?
answer
veins
question
The outermost wall of an artery or vein is called the __________ and in large arteries and veins contains the __________.
answer
tunica externa; vasa vasorum
question
Which of the following decreases blood pressure?
answer
natriuretic peptides
question
What does the medullary ischemic reflex result in?
answer
Increased circulation to the brain
question
Arteries are sometimes called the __________ vessels of the cardiovascular system because they have strong-resilient tissue structure.
answer
resistance
question
Why does our blood pressure generally go up as we age?
answer
Our arteries get 'hard' and absorb less systolic force
question
Which of the following is associated with vasomotion?
answer
Smooth muscle in the tunica media
question
Which of the following would decrease capillary filtration?
answer
Dehydration
question
What is the mean arterial pressure for a person with 110 and 65 mm Hg as systolic and diastolic pressure, respectively?
answer
80 mm Hg
question
TRUE OR FALSE: Increased capillary filtration, reduced reabsorption, or obstruction of lymphatic drainage can lead to edema.
answer
True
question
TRUE OR FALSE: The three primary branches of the celiac trunk are the common hepatic, left gastric, and splenic veins.
answer
False
question
TRUE OR FALSE: Blood filtered through the hepatic sinusoids exits the liver via the hepatic veins.
answer
True
question
Which of the following constitutes the principal venous drainage of the thoracic organs?
answer
The azygos system
question
Arterial flow to the lower limb comes from the external iliac artery.
answer
True
question
The brachial vein is the most common site of blood pressure measurement with the sphygmomanometer.
answer
False
question
TRUE OR FALSE: The pulmonary circuit is the only route in which arteries carry less oxygen than veins.
answer
True
question
Which of the following is not a vein of the lower limb?
answer
Anterior interosseous vein
question
A mean arterial pressure below 60 mmHg can cause which of the following?
answer
Syncope
question
TRUE OR FALSE: Decompensated shock is normally corrected by the body's homeostatic mechanisms.
answer
False
question
Which vessel supplies 80% of the cerebrum?
answer
internal carotid artery
question
Your grandmother is experiencing temporary dizziness, blurred vision, paralysis on her left side, and mild aphasia. What do you think might be happening?
answer
TIA
question
What might account for a soldier experiencing syncope after standing at attention for a long period of time?
answer
venous pooling
question
Which of the following activities would fatigue your hand muscles the fastest?
answer
Squeezing a ball as hard as you can without stopping
question
Which of the following statements about TIAs and CVAs is true?
answer
TIAs are often early warning signs of an impending stroke.