What change to society brought about the transformation of an economy based on producing raw materials to one based on the production of finished products?
answer
the Industrial Revolution
question
A majority of the world's workers hold jobs in which sector of the economy?
answer
the tertiary or service sector
question
Which of the following trends affecting U.S. workers has resulted from the expansion of the global economy?
answer
fewer opportunities for many workers in the United States due to global competition and outsourcing abroad
question
Which of the following statements about the relative performance of capitalism and socialism is correct?
answer
Capitalist nations are more economically productive.
question
In a(n) __________ economy, justice means meeting everyone's basic needs in an equal manner rather than competing in pursuit of wealth.
answer
socialist
question
Which region of the country has the largest share of states that have enacted "right-to-work" laws that limit the power of labor unions?
answer
the South
question
In 1900, the U.S. worker was most likely to have a(n) __________ job; today, the average U.S. worker has a __________ job.
answer
agricultural or farm; white-collar or service
question
Which of the following factors is a major reason that union membership has declined in the United States since the 1970s?
answer
The industrial sector of the economy has become much smaller.
question
Which of the following is a result of the Information Revolution?
answer
Many jobs involve less skill.
question
Which of the following is a trait of professions but not of jobs called "paraprofessional"?
answer
having extensive theoretical knowledge of a field
question
PepsiCo, which includes Pepsi-Cola, Frito-Lay, Gatorade, Tropicana, and Quaker, is an example of a __________.
answer
conglomerate
question
One common way corporations in the United States are linked is through __________.
answer
interlocking directorates
question
What is a monopoly?
answer
market domination by a single producer
question
Which of the following statements correctly defines an oligopoly?
answer
An oligopoly is an economic market dominated by a few producers.
question
Kara believes that by pushing poor countries to produce exports instead of food and goods for their own people, they are forced to rely on rich nations for much of what they need. She suggests that markets should be replaced with government-directed economic policies. Kara is arguing in a way that reflects __________ theory.
answer
dependency
question
People who accept the way their society operates simply because it has always been that way reflect the operation of __________ authority.
answer
traditional
question
What is a rational-legal authority?
answer
authority derived through rationally enacted laws
question
Millions of people who operate the U.S. government are never elected by anyone and do not have to answer directly to the people. Therefore, which of the following statements is true?
answer
The United States has a political system that is not truly or completely democratic.
question
Which of the following statements about totalitarianism is correct?
answer
Totalitarianism regulates almost all aspects of people's lives.
question
Which of the following statements linking capitalism, socialism, and democracy is correct?
answer
Capitalist societies typically give people considerable personal freedom and liberty, including the right to elect leaders. Socialist societies claim to be democratic because their economies meet everyone's basic needs.
question
Compared to other high-income nations, how does the size of government spending compare to overall economic output in the United States?
answer
Government spending is a somewhat smaller share of total economic output in the United States compared to other high-income countries.
question
Which of the following categories of people in the United States is typically the most liberal on economic issues?
answer
African American women
question
Which model defines the United States as a democracy?
answer
pluralist model
question
What does the Marxist political-economy model claim?
answer
As long as the United States has a mostly capitalist economy, the majority of people will be shut out of politics and exploited in the workplace.
question
Which of the following statements best describes the party identification of U.S. adults?
answer
47 percent favor the Democratic party; 40 percent favor the Republican party; 13 percent claim to be independent or favor some other party
question
The military principle of mutual assured destruction is an example of a policy called __________.
answer
deterrence
question
Which of the following is most likely to lead to a political revolution?
answer
an unresponsive government that does not address people's concerns
question
About how many operational nuclear weapons exist in the world today?
answer
4,000
question
Which of the following statements about terrorism is correct?
answer
Terrorism can be sponsored by the government.
question
Which of the following statements linking terrorism and democratic societies is correct?
answer
Democratic societies provide many freedoms to the populace, which makes these nations particularly vulnerable to terrorist attacks.
question
Which of the following correctly defines the economy?
answer
the social institution that organizes a society's production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services
question
As countries develop economically, what happens to the share of workers in the primary or agricultural sector of the economy?
answer
The share goes down.
question
Which of the following statements about the economic character of socialism and capitalism is correct?
answer
Capitalism is more productive, but socialism creates more economic equality.
question
A person who works in an automotive factory is part of the __________ sector of the economy
answer
secondary
question
According to Adam Smith, what is the "invisible hand" of the economy?
answer
the laws of supply and demand
question
About what share of workers in the United States today are self-employed?
answer
6 percent
question
Which of the following statements correctly describes what many analysts have called the "jobless recovery"?
answer
As the nation has moved out of recession, companies have become more productive but typically by employing fewer workers so that unemployment remains high.
question
Which of the following statements is an argument made in support of the expansion of multinational corporations?
answer
Multinational corporations raise living standards in poor countries by offering new jobs and introducing new technologies.
question
Which of the following most accurately describes an authoritarian political system?
answer
a political system that does not allow its citizens to have any voice in government
question
In general, which of the following global regions has the least political freedom?
answer
Asia
question
What typically happens to authority as societies industrialize?
answer
Traditional authority declines.
question
A visitor to Muncie, Indiana, may see not only Ball State University but also the Ball family's name on local businesses such as a bank, hospital, and barber shop. Which political model does this evidence support?
answer
the power-elite model
question
In what way does limited educational opportunities undermine a nation's claim of having a democratic government?
answer
Uneducated voters cannot read a ballot or read about the issues.
question
Why might a country suffering from internal issues go to war?
answer
The threat of an external enemy draws citizens' attention away from internal problems.
question
Which of the following concepts refers to the close relationships among government, defense contractors, and the military?
answer
the military-industrial complex
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