World History Study Guide

The competition between Germany and Great Britain up until the outbreak of World War I was centered on

What is human geography?

Constitutional v. Absolute Monarchy

How did a shift in thinking about the natural world during the Renaissance contribute to the start of the Scientific Revolution?

How did the Renaissance contribute to the Scientific Revolution?

How did the Renaissance's emphasis on humanism help spark scientific thinking?

How did Copernicus's work challenge the accepted view of the universe?

Why did the Church seek to silence Galileo?

What did Kepler believe the relationship was between mathematics and the natural world?

What contribution to modern science was made by Andreas Vesalius?

How did Descartes and Kepler contribute to the new scientific thinking?

What did Copernicus and Galileo have in common?

Modern science

Which was not a cause of the European Enlightenment?

Use the following statement attributed to the Renaissance humanist Desiderius Erasmus to answer the following question: "Give light, and the darkness will disappear of itself."--Public Domain Which of the following did Erasmus' remark foreshadow?

Use the following statement from Jean-Jacques Rousseau to answer the question below: "Everything is good as it comes from the hands of the Maker of the world, but degenerates once it gets into the hands of man." --Public Domain Rousseau would have supported the idea that

Which of the following accurately summarizes an idea of English Enlightenment philosopher John Locke?

Which of the following describes a contribution of French Enlightenment philosopher Voltaire?

Which of the following accurately summarizes an idea of French Enlightenment philosopher Baron de Montesquieu?

Use the following statement from Thomas Jefferson's First Inaugural Address to answer the question below: "A wise and frugal Government, which shall restrain men from injuring one another, which shall leave them otherwise free to regulate their own pursuits of industry and improvement, and shall not take from the mouth of labor the bread it has earned. This is the sum of good government..."--Public Domain Which of the following best agrees with Jefferson's statement on the role of government?

We know from historical records that The Spirit of the Laws by Baron de Montesquieu was placed on the Index of Forbidden Books by the Catholic Church. Which of the following can one reasonably infer from this fact?

How did the Enlightenment thinkers influence the government of the United States?

Which of the following statements is true for all European Union countries?

Why was the Glorious Revolution in England unusual in comparison to political developments in France, Spain, and Russia?

Use the excerpt below from the English Bill of Rights to answer the following question: "That the pretended power of suspending the laws or the execution of laws by regal authority without consent of Parliament is illegal; That the pretended power of dispensing with laws or the execution of laws by regal authority, as it hath been assumed and exercised of late, is illegal; That levying money for or to the use of the Crown by pretence of prerogative, without grant of Parliament, for longer time, or in other manner than the same is or shall be granted, is illegal; That it is the right of the subjects to petition the king, and all commitments and prosecutions for such petitioning are illegal; That the raising or keeping a standing army within the kingdom in time of peace, unless it be with consent of Parliament, is against law..." Public Domain How did the English Bill of Rights represent a change from the existing political trends in 17thÚSdm4á| century Europe?

How did Sir Francis Bacon's development of the scientific method make the Scientific Revolution possible?

Why did some philosophers and scientists criticize Margaret Cavendish?

Why did Maria Winkelmann Kirch face challenges in being recognized as a scientist?

Use the biblical quotations below to answer the following question: 5 He set the earth on its foundations; it can never be moved.—Psalm 104:5 5 The sun rises and the sun sets, and hurries back to where it rises.—Ecclesiastes 1:5 Based on the Biblical quotations above, why was the Catholic Church so opposed to the idea of heliocentrism?

With what scientific discovery is Sir Isaac Newton most commonly associated?

How did Galileo's work as an astronomer contribute to the acceptance of Copernicus's heliocentric system?

Which of the following represents a common thread between the work of Copernicus, Kepler, and Newton?

What present-day device did the invention of the transistor most directly influence?

How did the work of Sigmund Freud affect the lives of ordinary people in the 20th century?

How did coffeehouses contribute to the development of the Enlightenment?

In addition to writing works on important issues, what was the most notable way in which educated wealthy women contributed to the Enlightenment?

How did the Scientific Revolution contribute to the Enlightenment?

How did Enlightenment philosopher Voltaire influence French government?

Why did Adam Smith support the "invisible hand" of the market?

How was Benjamin Franklin similar to Enlightenment thinkers?

What was the significance of Voltaire's novel Candide?

John Locke viewed the Social Contract as a choice or "consent of the governed", where the people possess the power to change government. How did Thomas Hobbes see the Social Contract?

What is one way that the French Revolution impacted the lower class?

Why is Bastille Day a symbol of French national pride?

Which statement conveys an idea of John Locke's that influenced both the American and the French Revolutions?

Suppose a historian wanted to argue that the Enlightenment had a more positive influence on the American Revolution than on the French Revolution. Which statement below would be the strongest evidence for the historian's view?

Why did King Louis XVI call the Estates General into session in May 1789?

Which of the following is not a reason that Napoleon rose quickly to power?

Which explains a difference between the constitutional monarchy established in England and the absolute monarchy established in Spain?

Why was the Glorious Revolution in England unusual in comparison to political developments in France, Spain, and Russia?

How did Islamic influence during the Middle Ages contribute to the Scientific Revolution?

The heliocentric model, represented above, is associated with which of the following figures?

Ana de Osorio is famous for discovering a cure for

Why is Sir Francis Bacon sometimes referred to as "The Father of Modern Science"?

Who were the philosophes?

How did the Scientific Revolution contribute to the Enlightenment?

How did the ideas of Jean-Jacques Rousseau compare to those of John Locke?

Which idea did David Hume contribute to both the philosophy and the science of the Enlightenment?

How did French Enlightenment philosophers like Diderot influence religious beliefs?

How did the ideals of Mary Wollstonecraft influence the later development of the Western world?

The painting below, The Adoration of the Magi, was painted by Peter Paul Rubens in the early 17th century.

How did the events of the Tennis Court Oath increase the prestige of the Third Estate?

Which social class was most under attack during the French Revolution?

The influence of John Locke's philosophy can be seen most clearly in which of the following quotations?

The following passage from Baron de Montesquieu's The Spirit of the Laws was often quoted during the debates on the Constitution of the United States in 1787. Use this passage to answer the following question: It is natural to a republic to have only a small territory, otherwise it cannot long subsist. In a large republic there are men of large fortunes, and consequently of less moderation.... In a large republic, the public good is sacrificed to a thousand views; it is subordinate to exceptions, and depends on accidents. In a small one, the interest of the public is easier perceived, better understood, and more within the reach of every citizen; abuses are of less extent, and of course are less protected. Public Domain

The passage below is an excerpt from Robespierre's On the Moral and Political Principles of Domestic Policy (1794). Use this passage to answer the following question: We must smother the internal and external enemies of the Republic or perish with it; now in this situation, the first maxim of your policy ought to be to lead the people by reason and the people's enemies by terror. If the spring of popular government in time of peace is virtue, the springs of popular government in revolution are at once virtue and terror: virtue, without which terror is fatal; terror, without which virtue is powerless. Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible; it is therefore an emanation of virtue; it is not so much a special principle as it is a consequence of the general principle of democracy applied to our country's most urgent needs. Public Domain Which statement best summarizes Robespierre's argument?

What role did the Jacobins play in the French Revolution?

An intended result of the Latin American revolutions was

What is one way the Spanish War of Independence encouraged those in the colonies to seek new political and economic rights?

Which of the following led to both the French Revolution and the Caribbean and Latin American revolutions?

Which of the following events was a primary factor in the outbreak of independence movements in Latin America?

Which of the following was not an influence on the people in Latin America who sought independence in the 19th century?

Which of the following caused continued unrest in the newly liberated colonies?

Which of the following would probably want independence from Spain but not a complete social revolution?

Which of the issues that resulted in many Latin American revolutions is illustrated here?

The revolutions in Latin America in the 19th century resulted in

What does this cartoon indicate about the relationship between the United States and the newly-independent Latin American countries?

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the information in the maps?

Which of the following inferences can be made about the religious makeup of Europe around 1600 CE?

Which two European regions have the most similar physical geography?

In which of the following locations would you expect to find the highest human population per square mile?

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from this map?

Which of the following inferences can be drawn from this map?

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the map?

Which two European regions have the most similar physical geography?

Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the information in the maps?

The set of countries with the greatest population densities are

Which of the following inferences is supported by the graph?

How does this map show that Europe has changed greatly since the 17th century?

How might Leonardo da Vinci's sketches of the human body, such as the one above, have inspired later scientists?

What astronomical model from the Renaissance is expressed in the image above?

Which of the following topics relates the most to both physicists' contributions to 20th century science history?

What does this painting demonstrate about the Catholic Church's role in the Enlightenment?

"Capital is reckless of the health or length of life of the laborer, unless under compulsion from society." Source: Marx, Capital, Volume I, Chapter 10 (1867) In what way is this statement consistent with the ideas of Adam Smith?

Which of the following is a true statement?

"To save the Russian commune, a Russian revolution is needed." Source: English translation of Letter to Vera Zasulich Creative Commons License Who is most likely to have made this statement?

"...but I know that society may be formed so as to exist without crime, without poverty, with health greatly improved, with little if any misery, and with intelligence and happiness increased a hundredfold: and no obstacle whatsoever intervenes [interferes] at this moment except ignorance to prevent such a state of society from becoming universal." Source: Robert Owen, Rules and Regulations for the Inhabitants of New Lanark. What is one reason why Marx would disagree with this statement?

Which of the following correctly compares capitalism, socialism, and communism?

The ideologies of capitalism, socialism, and capitalism rose during which period of change?

n the following statement, Adam Smith comments on the individual who uses domestic industry and labor. Use Smith's statement to answer the question below: "...he intends only his own security... he intends only his own gain, and he is in this, as in many other cases, led by an invisible hand to promote an end which was no part of his intention... By pursuing his own interest he frequently promotes that of the society more effectually than when he really intends to promote it." Source: An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations How does Smith's view of the economy expressed in this excerpt compare to Owen's?

Which of the following systems advocates that the suffering of the worker should be made lighter through intervention by the government?

Which of the following correctly compares capitalism, socialism, and communism?

Which two regions were given to France by Cavour in exchange for independence of northern and central Italy?

Who took a diplomatic approach and used compromise to achieve Italian unification?

Why did Garibaldi take Naples and the island of Sicily and declare himself dictator of southern Italy?

Which of the following best describes the Concert of Europe?

Which of the following leaders was an accomplished general but was still considered a rebel?

Why was the Ems telegram of particular importance?

What does this cartoon demonstrate about the diplomatic tactics of Bismarck in Germany?

Which of the following statements describes the relationship between the third German Emperor Wilheim II and Bismarck, prior to Bismarck's dismissal from government?

What was the outcome of the Seven Weeks' War?

Which group led a revolt in Naples with the goal of forcing the Spanish Bourbon king to agree to a constitution?

Why was the Ems telegram of particular importance?

Why did Garibaldi take Naples and the island of Sicily and declare himself dictator of southern Italy?

Why was Otto von Bismarck nicknamed the "Blood and Iron Chancellor"

Which of the following describes the purpose of the Regeneration group in Mexico?

The above illustration was created in about 1870 and is entitled The New Fighting the Old in Early Meiji Japan. Based on this image, which of the following statements is accurate about the Meiji Restoration?

What prompted the early-20th century coup in Brazil?

Why might France have been more motivated to resist independence movements in Algeria than it had in French Indo-China?

How was the process of decolonization in Belize similar to that in Macau?

In what way did the independence movements in Puerto Rico and Jamaica result in similar outcomes?

In what way did the movement toward independence in India differ from that of Korea?

In which of the following would this sign have been used?

How did F.W. de Klerk influence democratic reforms in South Africa?

Which of the following forced Jean-Bertrand Aristide out of power in Haiti?

Which of the following nations used social media sites to organize protests?

What role did Prussia play in reforming education within the United States?

"...I must speak of the transit of the slaves in the West Indies. This I confess, in my own opinion, is the most wretched part of the whole subject. So much misery condensed in so little room, is more than the human imagination had ever before conceived ... Let anyone imagine to himself 6 or 700 of these wretches chained two and two, surrounded with every object that is nauseous and disgusting, diseased, and struggling under every kind of wretchedness! How can we bear to think of such a scene as this?" --William Wilberforce's, 1789 Abolition Speech Based on the above excerpt, why did Wilberforce think that slavery should be abolished?

In what way did the movement toward independence in India differ from that of Korea?

"In fact, I believe that I have rendered a service to India and England by showing in non-co-operation the way out of the unnatural state in which both are living...I am endeavoring to show to my countrymen that violent non-co-operation only multiples evil, and that as evil can only be sustained by violence, withdrawal of support of evil requires complete abstention [avoidance] from violence...I am here, therefore, to invite and submit cheerfully to the highest penalty that can be inflicted upon me for what in law is deliberate crime, and what appears to me to be the highest duty of a citizen." --excerpt from Mohandas K. Gandhi's "Statement in the Great Trial", 1922 Based on this excerpt, how did Mohandas Gandhi's approach to gaining independence in India differ from the approach taken in Vietnam, or French-Indo China?

Why might France have been more motivated to resist independence movements in Algeria than it had in French Indo-China?

In what way did the independence movements in Puerto Rico and Jamaica result in similar outcomes?

Which of the following was General Augusto Pinochet responsible for

The Triple Alliance consisted of

The Allied Powers included

How did nationalism play a role in sparking World War I?

Which of the following was directly caused by Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia?

How did imperialism play a role in sparking World War I?

Which of the following explains why a small conflict in the Balkans spread to all of Europe?

The assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand might have remained a localized incident if

The Triple Entente consisted of

What aspect of the situation in Europe does this cartoon illustrate?

Which of the following is an example of how nationalism played a role in sparking World War I?

Which of the following was directly caused by Austria-Hungary declaring war on Serbia?

How did militarism play a role in sparking World War I?

While the European Allied countries did not have to pay reparations like Germany, they did suffer economically because of the

Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Turkey's economic problems after World War I were compounded by

For the Allied European countries, the economic hardships following World War I resulted from

Like Hitler, Mussolini encouraged Italy's economic recovery by

Like Hitler, Lenin maintained his dictatorial control by

Hitler's form of nationalism was based on the idea that Germany

Francisco Franco's ability to seize and maintain power rested mainly on his

Mussolini's rise to power depended largely on his ability to

In 1939, British politician Winston Churchill uttered these words: "Between shame and war, we have chosen shame, and we will get war." To what was Churchill referring?

What was the Sudetenland, and why did Germany want to annex it?

Which of the following actions explains why Britain officially entered World War II?

What event officially formed the alliance between Italy and Germany in World War II?

What was the outcome of the Yalta Conference?

The Allied victory in Europe was sealed after the Allies beat the Nazis at what final German offensive?

Why did the Allies land on the beaches of Normandy on D-Day?

Why did the United States agree to the "Europe First" strategy?

Which of the following is a common argument against the U.S. decision to drop the atomic bomb?

Many Americans approved of the use of atomic weapons on Japan despite their destructive power because

While President Truman ultimately made the decision to drop the atomic bombs, the Manhattan Project and the development of those bombs was a decision made by

The Three Non-Nuclear Principles were intended to

Why did President Truman feel he had no choice but to drop the atomic bombs?

What is the best explanation for why the United States decided to target Hiroshima?

Which of the following is not a long-term health effect of the atomic bombings on Japan?

Which of the following is a common argument in favor of the development of nuclear weapons?

The Potsdam Declaration issued the ultimatum to Japan that it

Many Americans approved of the use of atomic weapons on Japan despite their destructive power because

The development of the atomic bomb led to later technologies, including

What did the use of atomic bombs during World War II lead to?

Which of the following is a common argument against the U.S. decision to drop the atomic bomb?

A primary reason for Truman's decision to drop the atomic bombs on Japan was that he

Which of the following represents part of the reason the United States was interested in supporting the economies of Europe with the Marshall Plan?

Which of the following statements is not a purpose of the United Nations as described in the United Nations Charter of 1945?

Which of the following actions support Truman's statement?

Why did the Allies consider the League of Nations when developing the United Nations?

Which of the following is a result from the Potsdam Conference?

Why was West Germany accepted into NATO in 1955?

What was the combined effect of both the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the Nuremberg Trials?

What did Churchill mean by the "Iron Curtain"?

What is the best interpretation of this poster?

What accounts for why the Soviet Union decided to formalize its East European alliance through the Warsaw Pact?

Why did the Cold War start?

Which of the following did Mao Zedong rely on for the Great Leap Forward to succeed?

Which of the following best describes the cause of the Cultural Revolution?

Why did the "special economic zones" (SEZs) of China succeed?

Which statement is true about Mao Zedong at the time of the Cultural Revolution?

Mainland China is controlled by the Communists, whereas Taiwan is controlled by

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Chinese Civil War?

Which of the following was an effect of Deng Xiaoping's leadership?

How did the one-child policy result in large numbers of undocumented Chinese?

Which of the following was not an effect of proxy wars?

What accounts for the spikes in American defense spending in the 1950s?

Proxy wars were primarily a product of

Which is the best explanation for why the Cold War is not included in this chart?

The Soviets' exit from Afghanistan led to a

Which of the following is a reasonable interpretation of this information?

What can be inferred from this chart?

Why did the United States eventually stop supporting South Africa?

What was the primary reason why the United States offered to send aid to Israel during the Yom Kippur War?

What was the outcome of the Six-Day War of 1967?

This emblem shows a Jewish star inside a shape that combines a fortress and a shield. Which of the following did this emblem most likely represent?

Jawaharlal Nehru would be considered

"An eye for an eye only ends up making the whole world blind." You can tell by the meaning of this quote that this principle was expressed by:

Marxism taught me what society was. I was like a blindfolded man in a forest, who doesn't even know where north or south is. If you don't eventually come to truly understand the history of the class struggle, or at least have a clear idea that society is divided between the rich and the poor, and that some people subjugate and exploit other people, you're lost in a forest, not knowing anything. --Fidel Castro, 2009 Fidel Castro, long-time leader of Cuba, made the above statement during an interview in 2009. The statement is in response to a question about what influenced him to become a Cuban nationalist. Which of the following can be inferred from this statement?

An effect of the Yom Kippur War was

Nationalist conflict in Haiti has resulted in

"His Majesty's Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, and will use their best endeavours to facilitate the achievement of the object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious' rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine, or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country." --excerpt from the Balfour Declaration, 1917 Public Domain What does this excerpt from the Balfour Declaration argue for

"Palestine is the cement that holds the Arab world together, or it is the explosive that blows it apart." --Yasser Arafat Palestinian leader Yasser Arafat made the above statement during an interview with Time Magazine (November 11, 1974). Based on this quote, with which of the following statements would Arafat also agree?

The desired outcome for Basque nationalists in Spain is

What was the primary reason for the economic boom that occurred in the United States after World War II?

What was the precursor to the Baby Boom?

What prompted Indians to relocate to London and the United Kingdom?

Cultural diffusion was most advanced by

What is the best example of how the media creates cultural diffusion?

Which of the following is not an example of an effort to curb cultural diffusion?

In what way will membership in the European Union most benefit candidate nations?

What is the primary purpose of a trading bloc?

According to this graph on world poverty, what are the trends of the world average and Sub-Saharan Africa?

What is a criticism of labeling countries as developed?

According to the World Bank (WB), what is the requirement to be in the "developing nation" category?

Advances in which of the following areas increased globalization the most?

Which is not an example of cultural diffusion in the United States?

All of following are true about how the European Union differs from NAFTA except

Which of the following is a negative aspect of American and European consumerism?

European nations that aligned with the United States after World War II

The Warsaw Pact was a union of

In which of the following ways did communist nations differ from capitalist nations during the Cold War?

How might Soviets have viewed American segregation laws in the American South?

Mao Zedong's formation of the Red Guards led to

Why did Cuba partner with the Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Why did the United States involve itself in a civil dispute on the Korean peninsula in the 1950s?

Why would citizens in the newly independent country of Latvia remove this statue of former Soviet leader Vladimir Lenin?

Why were the Camp David Accords important?

Which was not a principle that Jawaharial Nehru and Gandhi would have supported?

A goal of Fidel Castro was to

The conflict in Kashmir is rooted primarily in

An effect of Gamal Abdel Nasser's rule in Egypt was the spreading of

In the late 20th century, immigrants who moved from former colonies to their former imperial nations tended to settle in

A criticism of the American suburbs in the post-World War II era was (5 points)

Criticism over Turkish accession to the EU include all of the following except that it

Which of the following is an economic benefit of investment in a developing nation by a developed nation?

The War on Terrorism is considered an "invisible war" because

What role did religious fundamentalism play in the 1998 American embassy bombings?