World History Semester 2

What key advantage did Spanish invaders have over the native peoples they conquered?

What did many English settlers hope to gain by leaving their native land and settling in the New World?

Which European is credited with ushering in the Age of Exploration?

Which best describes a reason that Europeans set forth on voyages of exploration in the 1400s?

Which country sponsored Columbus's expedition that discovered the Americas?

What were explorers hoping to find by searching for the Northwest Passage?

Which country colonized the region that is now Brazil?

Which Native American empires did Spanish conquistadors conquer?

To which New World location were the most enslaved Africans sent to work?

What crop spurred population growth in Europe after it was brought to Europe from the Americas?

Which best describes a joint-stock company?

Which European country was the first to ship African slaves to the Americas?

What was the Reformation?

Who broke from the Roman Catholic Church and formed the Church of England in order to remarry?

Which describes a way that the Roman Catholic Church responded to the spread of Protestantism?

Which describes an effect of the Protestant and Catholic reformations?

Which was a result of the Thirty Years' War?

Which absolute monarch toured western Europe for ideas on modernizing his nation and invaded other countries in order to secure warm-water ports?

Which best describes the Protestant Reformation?

Which was one of the reasons Martin Luther wrote his Ninety-five Theses?

What was the result of the spread of Martin Luther's ideas throughout western Europe?

Who broke from the Roman Catholic Church so he could remarry and became the head of a new Protestant church in his country?

Who relocated to Switzerland in order to escape religious persecution in France and taught the concept of predestination?

How did the Roman Catholic Church respond to the spread of Protestantism?

What role did the Council of Trent play in the Catholic Reformation?

What was the purpose of the Inquisition?

Which was an effect of the Protestant and Catholic reformations?

What did an uprising by Czech Protestants against the Catholic ruler of the Holy Roman Empire result in?

Which was an important result of the Thirty Years' War?

When did absolute monarchs begin to appear in Europe?

Who ruled by divine right in France, extended that nation's borders, and built a palace at Versailles?

Which best explains the cause of the English Civil War?

What was the immediate outcome of the English Civil War?

How did the Glorious Revolution establish a constitutional monarchy in England?

Which was not a motivation for European exploration in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?

Why did Prince Henry of Portugal sponsor voyages of discovery?

How did the caravel make Europeans' voyages of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries possible?

Which best explains how the compass made voyages of exploration possible?

Which does not explain the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs?

Which best explains why English settlers colonized New England in the mid-1600s?

Which best describes the Columbian Exchange?

Which was unknown in Europe before European explorers visited the Americas?

Which was a reason for an increase in the transatlantic slave trade during the sixteenth century?

Which describes the Middle Passage?

Which was not a cause of the Protestant Reformation?

Which was not a consequence of the Protestant Reformation?

Which summarizes a result of the Protestant Reformation?

Which is a cause of the Thirty Years' War?

Which country rose to power as a result of the Peace of Westphalia, ending the Thirty Years War?

Which is an example of absolutism under King Louis XIV?

Which is an example of absolutism under Russia's Peter the Great?

Which was a cause of the English Civil War?

Which was not a result of the English Civil War?

Which became part of English government and culture during the Glorious Revolution?

Which astronomer designed scientific instruments, including a new kind of thermometer, an improved compass, and a more powerful telescope? He also discovered four moons orbiting the planet Jupiter.

Which philosopher believed the path to new knowledge is by way of inductive reasoning?

Which Enlightenment thinker believed that it is a government's job to protect the natural rights of life, liberty, and property?

Which of the following was a belief of the Enlightenment thinker Mary Wollstonecraft?

Who showed that our universe is heliocentric—the planets of the solar system revolve around the sun?

Who developed the laws of gravitation and motion?

Who was often called the father of modern mathematics because he created analytic geometry and the Cartesian coordinate system?

Who first asserted that scientists should conduct repeated observations and practical experiments to answer specific questions?

Which was an accomplishment of Galileo Galilei?

How did people's general way of thinking change as a result of the Scientific Revolution?

What was the Enlightenment?

Who wrote about the importance of basing government on the general will?

Which Enlightenment thinker explained in his Two Treatises of Government that all beings have the same natural rights of life, liberty, and property?

Which was a belief of Voltaire?

Which did Montesquieu influence?

Which was an idea or belief of the Enlightenment thinker Mary Wollstonecraft?

Why did the colonists object to paying new taxes on goods such as sugar, paper, and tea?

Thomas Jefferson based his argument for unalienable rights on the work of ____________.

Why was the Battle of Saratoga a major turning point during the American Revolution?

Which was a cause of the French Revolution?

Which was an achievement of the National Convention?

Which action by the National Assembly was inspired by Enlightenment ideals and the American Revolution?

Which describes a consequence of the French Revolution?

Which best describes a similarity between the outcomes of the French and American revolutions?

How did Napoleon achieve power in France?

Which event helped bring about an end to Napoleon's reign?

Which best reflects a way in which Napoleon's goals did not support Enlightenment ideals?

What was a long-term effect of Napoleon's reign?

Who helped liberate Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador?

Why did democracy fail to establish itself in Latin America after former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had gained their independence?

Which resulted in rebellions in Greece, France, and the Habsburg Empire in the mid-1800s?

Who started wars with Austria and France in order to achieve his goal of unifying Germany under Prussian leadership?

Which best describes the political situation in Latin America in 1800?

Who was known as The Liberator because he helped Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador gain their independence?

Who led the Army of the Andes over the Andes Mountains to liberate Chile and also helped Argentina and Peru gain their independence?

The movement for Mexican independence picked up speed when which man gave a speech in Dolores to Indians and mestizos?

Mexico was able to gain its independence from Spain when which group switched sides to the cause of independence?

Why did democracy fail in most of Latin America in the decades following colonial independence?

What was the goal of the leaders who met at the Congress of Vienna in 1815?

Which is an example of how growing nationalism resulted in revolution and change in Europe in the 1800s?

Which best describes Russia in the early 1800s?

Who organized the Redshirts and helped Italians rebel against their rulers?

What were Giuseppe Mazzini's goals?

Who was a Prussian politician who wanted to forge the German states into one nation?

What did Otto von Bismarck do to achieve his goal of drawing smaller German states to Prussia's side?

How was Great Britain able to avoid revolution during the 1800s?

What did Great Britain do to spread democratic principles in its empire?

Which event doubled the size of the United States in the 1800s?

What was a main cause of the American Civil War?

Which describes the work of Nicolaus Copernicus?

Which was not an accomplishment of Galileo Galilei?

Which best describes the influence of Isaac Newton's theory of universal gravitation?

What did John Locke believe?

Which was not a belief of Voltaire?

Which was influenced by Montesquieu?

Which best describes a major impact of the U.S. Constitution?

Which was not a cause of the French Revolution?

Maximilien Robespierre led France during which phase of the Revolution?

Which was Napoleon's greatest achievement as leader of France?

Where did Napoleon suffer his most serious defeat?

Who led the slave rebellion in Haiti in 1791?

Father Hidalgo led a struggle for independence in which country?

Which is a reason democracy failed following most Latin American revolutions?

Which best explains the role of nationalism in Europe following the Congress of Vienna?

Which was not a major cause of Russian weakness in the mid-1800s?

Which describes the primary goal of Giuseppe Mazzini's Young Italy movement?

Which did Otto von Bismarck use to promote Germany unification?

Which step did Britain take to prevent rebellion in some of its colonies?

Which issue was resolved by the U.S. Civil War?

What was one of the first inventions that made it possible to communicate almost instantly over long distances?

How did Andrew Carnegie influence U.S. business, and in turn, the U.S. economy?

Which was a characteristic that helped bring about the Industrial Revolution in England?

Which industry launched the Industrial Revolution?

Which invention helped the textile industry move from homes to factories?

Which steam-powered method of transportation quickly outpaced earlier forms for transporting goods and people?

Which source of power was introduced in the late 1800s?

Which production method emerged during the Second Industrial Revolution?

What is a corporation?

Which best describes one outcome of Henry Ford's method of production?

Which was not a result of industrialization?

Which best explains the rise of the middle class during the Industrial Revolution?

Who envisioned a kind of socialism known as communism?

Which describes the major thesis contained in Darwin's book, On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection?

Which was an accomplishment of one of the major reform movements of the 1800s?

Why did workers begin to organize into labor unions in the mid-1800s?

For what reason did John Stuart Mill believe the government should get involved in the economy?

What did Karl Marx believe would happen to capitalism?

Karl Marx wrote in The Communist Manifesto that the history of man had been defined by what?

What was Charles Darwin's theory regarding plant and animal life?

What did the public education reform movement of the 1800s accomplish?

Which best describes an accomplishment of the woman suffrage movement?

What happened as a result of workers organizing into unions in the late 1800s?

Which is an example of how cities improved during the late 1800s?

What does the term standard of living refer to?

Which achievement improved the standard of living in the late 1800s?

Which are examples of the new mass society that emerged in the late 1800s?

Which was a reason for European imperialism in the late nineteenth century?

Which was a justification for European imperialism in the late nineteenth century?

Which event led the British government to shut down the East India Company and rule India directly?

What did Britain do to correct its balance of trade with China?

How did industrialization in Europe lead to the colonization of Africa?

The European scramble to build empires from the 1870s to about 1910 is often called the ____________.

What did some European imperialists use to justify imperialism?

Which was an impact of European imperialism on the people of Africa?

What resulted from the Sepoy Rebellion or Sepoy Mutiny?

Which was an impact of British imperialism on the people of India?

What group formed to push for self-rule in India?

Which was a benefit of British rule in India?

Which item did England export to China in an attempt to battle its trade deficit with that country?

Which was a goal of Sun Yat-sen in calling for revolution in China?

Which was the result of the Sino-Japanese War?

What started the Opium War?

In the late 1800s, Japanese leaders decided that the best way to avoid being dominated by imperialist nations was to ____________.

Which best describes the relationship between the United States and the Philippines around the turn of the twentieth century?

Which belief did many Americans use to justify the U.S. takeover of the Philippines?

Which characteristic was not a reason that the Industrial Revolution began in England?

Which industry launched the Industrial Revolution?

Which innovation led to an increase in cloth production at the beginning of the Industrial Revolution?

Robert Fulton pioneered which new method of transportation?

Which was a new method of production during the Second Industrial Revolution?

Which was not a source of energy introduced during the late 1800s?

Which is not an example of the human cost of industrialization?

Which best explains why the Industrial Revolution led to a larger middle class?

Which best describes the beliefs of Robert Owen?

Why did Karl Marx believe that capitalism would be overthrown?

How did the work of Louis Pasteur help improve the quality of life for people during the Industrial Revolution?

Which most directly led to the rise of mass entertainment during the late 1800s?

Which did not prompt European imperialism in the late nineteenth century?

Which was not used to justify European imperialism in the late nineteenth century?

Which was an impact of European imperialism on the people of Africa?

Which led the British government to shut down the East India Company and rule India directly?

How did Britain seek to correct its balance of trade with China?

Which was a goal of Sun Yat-sen in calling for revolution in China?

Which was an argument for Japanese imperial expansion?

Which belief did many Americans use to justify the U.S. takeover of the Philippines?

To which reform movement did Frederick Douglass devote his life?

Which was not a reason for urban planning?

Which was a cause of World War I?

How did expectations at the beginning of the Great War differ from reality?

Which was a cause of World War I?

Which began the long chain of events that plunged Europe into war in August 1914?

How did the reality of the Great War differ from expectations at the beginning of the war?

Which was a result of the use of new weapons and methods of warfare during World War I?

What was the situation on the Eastern Front in 1915?

Why is the Armenian Massacre considered genocide?

Which is an example of total war?

Which best explains why the United States had a policy of neutrality before 1917?

Why did the United States enter the war on the side of the Allies?

Which was an ideal that Woodrow Wilson included in his Fourteen Points?

Which statement best describes the human cost of World War I?

Which was a major provision of the Treaty of Versailles?

Which was a consequence of the Treaty of Versailles?

Which is a similarity between the Russian Revolution and the American and French revolutions?

What is one strategy that Gandhi encouraged as a means to bring about change?

Before the Russian Revolution, what ideas did Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin have about changing the government?

How did World War I contribute to revolution in Russia?

What type of government emerged in Russia after Lenin came to power?

Which best describes a similarity among the American, French, and Russian revolutions?

What form of resistance did Mohandas Gandhi promote?

Which is one way that Indians practiced nonviolent resistance in an attempt to gain independence from Britain?

What role did nationalism play in the Middle East after World War I?

As Middle Eastern nations gained independence, what goals did they have for their new governments?

How did movements such as Islamism, Wahhabism, and Zionism contribute to unrest in the Middle East?

What situation that arose in Palestine in the late 1800s is still a source of conflict today?

Which genre represented a break away from conformity and mocked modern civilization?

Why were most Americans more prosperous than Europeans during the 1920s?

Which was not a major cause of the Great Depression?

Which is an example of how the role of government in the United States and other Western democracies changed during the Great Depression?

After the Great War, which group produced a kind of anti-art that mocked modern civilization?

Which was not a change that occurred in U.S. society during the 1920s?

Which was a direct cause of the Great Depression?

Which was a result of the Great Depression worldwide?

What was the name of Roosevelt's plan to pull the United States out of the Great Depression?

Which was one of the economic problems both France and Britain faced after World War I?

The New Deal focused on relief, recovery, and reform. Which best describes recovery?

Which best describes a principle of a fascist government?

Who organized the Nationalist Fascist Party, took control of the Italian government, and ruled as dictator?

Which is one of the major themes of Mein Kampf?

In which way are communism and fascism alike?

In which way are fascism and communism different?

According to Adolf Hitler, which was the master race?

Which is not an accurate description of the role nationalism played in causing World War I?

Which describes the effect of militarism in the years leading up to World War I?

Which two countries did not ally with each other prior to World War I?

Which best describes the difference between expectations for World War I and the reality of the war?

Which best describes a "total war"?

Which change occurred during World War I as a result of "total war"?

Which event helped convince the United States to enter World War I on the side of the Allies?

Which resulted after the United States entered World War I?

Which was not a change Woodrow Wilson called for in his Fourteen Points?

Which best describes the costs of World War I?

Which does not accurately describe the Treaty of Versailles?

Which best describes Vladimir Lenin's vision for Russia?

Which tactic did Vladimir Lenin not employ following the Russian Revolution?

Which was an effect of the Russian Revolution on World War I?

Which best describes the purpose of Stalin's Five-Year Plans for Russia?

Which phrase did Gandhi use to explain his philosophy of nonviolent civil disobedience?

Which was a goal of the Muslim Brotherhood in post-World War I Egypt?

Which best describes the role of Zionism in ongoing Middle East tensions?

Which was not a change that occurred in U.S. society during the 1920s?

Which was not a direct cause of the Great Depression?

Which best describes the New Deal?

In which way are communism and fascism alike?

Which is true about communism but is not true about fascism?

Which best describes Hitler's beliefs as expressed in Mein Kampf?

"In the composition of the truly brave there should be no malice, no anger, no distrust, no fear of death or physical hurt. Nonviolence is certainly not for those who lack these essential qualities." Which revolutionary leader would be most likely to have said this?

"[They] are terror-stricken at the growing workers' revolutionary movement....Even though [they] are still raging, even though they may kill thousands more workers, victory will be ours." Which revolutionary leader would be most likely to have said this?

What was the immediate result of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?

Who commanded Allied troops in Europe and was responsible for organizing the invasion of France?

To what does the term the Holocaust refer?

About how many people died in the Holocaust?

What was the name of the battle in which Germany made its last offensive move?

Whose work made the atomic bomb possible and urged U.S. leaders to develop one before the Germans?

Which was a cause of World War II?

The events that led to the outbreak of World War II in Europe began with German troops occupying the Rhineland and ended with the German invasion of Poland. Which event occurred in between?

What was the first step in Hitler's strategy to defeat Great Britain?

Why did Japan attack the United States in 1941?

Which was a turning point in World War II in favor of the Allies?

Who was in charge of organizing and commanding the D-day invasion of France?

What was the Holocaust?

Which describes a policy toward Jews by the Nazi government during World War II?

What was the consequence of the Nazi government's "Final Solution"?

Which best describes the end of the war in Europe?

How did the Allies plan on reaching Japan and ending the war in the Pacific?

Why did Harry Truman eventually decide to use the atomic bomb against Japan?

Which best describes the physical and human costs of World War II?

In which significant way did the United Nations differ from the League of Nations?

After World War II, tensions quickly rose between which two nations?

Why didn't Western democratic leaders try to stop the building of the Berlin Wall?

How did the Cuban Missile Crisis develop?

What was one way that America responded to the fear of nuclear attack in the postwar years?

What was one reason for Western Europe's quick recovery from the devastation of World War II?

Which best describes the Cold War?

Which best describes the main goal of the U.S. policy of containment?

Why did the United States implement the Marshall Plan?

Why didn't the United States try to stop the Soviets from building the Berlin Wall?

What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

How did U.S. economy and society change after World War II?

Which is one way the U.S. government responded to the fear of nuclear war in the postwar years?

Which is one reason that European nations joined together after World War II?

Which best describes Mikhail Gorbachev's plans for the USSR?

Which describes an event that led to the decline of the USSR?

Which was not a cause of World War II in Europe?

Which event led the United States to enter World War II?

Which nation was part of the Axis Powers?

Who was president of the United States during most of World War II?

Which best describes the meaning of the term the Holocaust?

Which was an outcome of the Nazi government's "Final Solution"?

Which argument led the United States to use the atomic bomb during World War II?

Which is true of World War II?

Which was not true in the years just after World War II?

Which was a goal of the victorious Allies after World War II?

Which was a reason for the Nuremberg Trials?

Which best describes the Cold War?

Which committed the United States to the anticommunist policy of containment?

Which was a goal of the Berlin Airlift?

Which best describes NATO?

What was the result of the Korean War?

Which does not accurately describe the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Who was the leader of Cuba during the Cuban Missile Crisis?

Which occurred in the United States in the decades after World War II?

Which did the nations Western Europe attempt to achieve in the decades following World War II?

Which created a challenge to Soviet control over Poland in 1980?

Which U.S. president called for the Soviet Union to "tear down this wall"?

What was the role of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) in helping Latin American countries?

Which was a major challenge in Mexico in the early twenty-first century?

Why didn't Latin American nations develop an industrial base during the nineteenth century?

How did many Latin American leaders attempt to make their countries more self-sufficient after World War II?

What is a developing nation?

How did poor people respond when Latin American governments encouraged industry?

Why did U.S. intervention in Latin America increase during the Cold War?

What effect did Salvador Allende's policies have on Chile's economy?

Which country remains the longest-lived communist dictatorship in Latin America?

Which leader instituted changes in Argentina to improve the lives of workers, including a minimum wage and an eight-hour workday?

Which leader stepped down after holding and losing a plebiscite asking the Chilean people whether they wanted him to continue in power?

What action did the United States take when Castro's government seized the property of U.S. companies?

Which Central American nation has the most successful and longest-lived democracy in Latin America?

Which international organization helped Latin American nations become more democratic by sending observers to member states to see that elections were conducted fairly?

Which Latin American country was part of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) with the United States and Canada?

Which remains one of the biggest problems facing Latin America?

In the 1960s and 1970s, some Catholic priests and nuns in Latin America practiced the belief that Christians should work on behalf of the poor and oppressed. What is this belief called?

What was the goal of Mao's Great Leap Forward?

Which of the following statements is true about life in China today?

Which was an underlying cause for the partition of India by Great Britain in 1947?

Which accurately describes India's economic progress in the late twentieth century?

The United States began sending large numbers of military advisers to South Vietnam after which had occurred?

The development of which industry helped revive Indonesia's economy?

Which was an important event in the rise of the Communist Party in China?

What kept nearly an entire generation of Chinese students from receiving an education?

How is life in China today the same as it was when Mao Zedong died?

Which was a result of Britain's plan to decolonize India?

Which accurately describes India's economic progress in the late twentieth century?

Which was the outcome of the Vietnam War?

Which best describes Vietnam's economy today?

Which is a major cause of conflict in Indonesia today?

Which helped Japan rise to become an economic power after World War II?

Which is true of North Korea's economy?

In which way did North Korea and South Korea differ the most in the decades following the Korean War?

Both North Korea and Vietnam are communist states, yet Vietnam's economy is stronger than North Korea's. What best explains this?

What issue of concern is most often seen in countries with communist governments or military regimes?

What happened in both China and Vietnam when the government liberalized the economy by adopting free-market policies?

Which describes South Africa's policy of apartheid?

What took place in Rwanda that resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people?

Which describes South Africa's policy of apartheid?

What took place in Rwanda that resulted in the deaths of hundreds of thousands of people?

What marked the beginning of the Arab-Israeli conflict?

What is the Palestine Liberation Organization?

What happened after World War II that changed the economic and political makeup of the Middle East?

What was the outcome of the Iranian revolution in 1978?

Why did some African nations transition smoothly to independence while others experienced conflict?

Who was Nelson Mandela?

Which two groups were involved in the conflict in Darfur in Sudan?

Which was a key cause of the Arab-Israeli conflict?

Who was Yasser Arafat?

What is OPEC?

Which was one cause of the revolution in Iran in 1978?

Why did Islamists believe that many Middle Eastern nations were in decline?

What is one reason that the United States invaded Iraq after the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001?

Which economic problem did many Latin American nations face in the years following World War II?

Which was an effect of industrialization in Latin American nations during the postwar years?

Which was not a reason for U.S. intervention in Latin America during the Cold War era?

Which was not a result of U.S. intervention in Latin America during the Cold War era?

Which Latin American nation was controlled by Augusto Pinochet?

Which describes the main purpose of the Organization of American States (OAS)?

Which best describes the rise to power of Mao Zedong?

Which does not describe China's Great Leap Forward?

Who was a key leader in India's independence movement?

For which is Mohandas Gandhi best known?

Which presents the most serious ongoing challenge to modern India?

Which describes a cause of the war in Vietnam?

Which was not an outcome of the war in Vietnam?

Which best describes change in Japan since World War II?

Which best describes recent changes in South Korea?

Which accurately describes reforms undertaken by China in an attempt to compete with other Asian nations in the early twenty-first century?

Which actions were taken by many African nations following World War II?

Which best describes the period of apartheid in South Africa?

Which best describes the role of Nelson Mandela in ending apartheid?

Which is not a recent consequence of ethnic rivalries in African nations?

Which was committed to the creation of a Jewish homeland in the Middle East?

Which issue presents a major obstacle to settling the Arab-Israeli conflict?

Which best describes a challenge in the Middle East resulting from oil production?

What role have religious differences played in ongoing challenges in the Middle East?

Which group used terrorism in the late twentieth century?

Which was a response to the terrorist attack against the United States on September 11, 2001?

Which is an example of free trade?

Which is a least developed nation according to the IMF?

During times of economic trouble, which are immigrants often accused of?

What are the major areas of concern with regard to desertification?

Which is not associated with the rise of globalization?

Which was created to promote free trade?

Which is not an argument for free trade?

Which is an argument against free trade?

Which best describes a developing nation?

Which is an example of an advanced developing nation?

Which nation offers the best example of producing foods, music, movies, and clothing that influence cultures around the world?

Which is not true about worldwide poverty today?

Which disease poses the most serious threat to human life today?

Which countries are least likely to promote human rights today?

Why is desertification a serious environmental concern?

Which has been the most significant result of space exploration?

Which best describes the impact of the Information Revolution?

Where has the standard of living risen most steeply since the mid-twentieth century?

Which factor is most directly linked to a rising standard of living?