WIS2552 Topics 1-8

Multicellularity might have evolved from coloniality.

Some of Pasteur's sterile water flasks are still on display today.

Both mitochondria and chloroplasts have two membranes.

Multicellularity might have evolved by incomplete cell division.

Through the evolutionary process, species may become increasingly adapted for narrower environmental conditions and this can make them more rare.

Some nitrogen is fixed by the action of lightning.

The tropics may harbor more species with narrower niches than temperate species.

Darwin based his theory partly on observations of farm animals.

Cells in the morula migrate and arrange themselves to form a hollow ball of cells.

Cone-nosed toads are adapted for burrowing.

There is a native species of crow found only in Hawaii.

Hummingbirds are found only in the new world.

Gulls as a group are all chiefly scavengers.

Collecting bird nests and eggs was once a pastime among the wealthy

All turtles are egg layers.

A species of chameleon has been introduced to Florida.

The American Crocodile is still found on various islands in the caribbean.

In Florida, Alligators are hunted recreationally.

Chloroplasts are found only in members of the Kingdome Plantae.

Among the Amphibia several species are adapted for feeding on plants as adults.

Temperate species may tend to be more ecologically specialized than their tropical counterparts.

Honey-eaters were not found naturally in Hawaii.

The elephant bird was native to New Guinea.

The conversion of N2 to NH3 is exergonic

The kinglets are a family found only in the old world

Mynas and Starlings belong to a family that is widespread on oceanic islands but absent from africa.

Nuthatches and Creepers are members of the same family

As a group, sandpipers all have very long legs and beaks.

All owls are strictly nocturnal hunters.

There are no native species of chameleons in Madagascar.

Most woodpecker species have three toes.

American Crocodiles are widespread and abundant in Florida.

All chordate characteristics are seen throughout the lives of the individual.

Amont the Amphibia several species are adapted for feeding on plants as adults.

A species of Poison Arrow Frog has been successfully introduced to the Baltimore area where it has been implicated in the reduction of cockroaches.

Protenoid spheres could have evolved via __________.

Conifers evolved in the __________.

The __________ is the period of the first vascular plants.

Most scientists think the earth is __________ years old.

The __________ is the period of the first vascular plants.

Most scientists think the Earth is __________ years old

__________ are the site for aerobic respiration in eukaryotes.

The Pleistocene Epoch ended roughly __________ years ago.

Stanley Miler was able to produce synthetic __________.

Pasteur did an experiment to show that there was no __________.

Oparin did experiments in __________.

The __________ era is broken down into Epochs.

The first fungi evolved in the __________.

Bacteria-like DNA is found in the __________ of eukaryotes.

Pigment molecules are found in the __________.

DNA in the nuclei of eukaryotic cells is complexed with __________.

The endosymbiosis theory argues that a __________ relationship was established between two cells.

The first hominids appeared at the end of the __________.

The first dinosaurs appeared in the __________.

__________ was the first period of the Cenozoic.

Prokaryotic cells contain __________.

Stanley Miller combined methane and __________ in water, in his experiment.

Redi's experiment involved denying __________ access to decaying meat.

The endosymbiosis theory argues that small prokaryotic cells were engulfed by __________.

The __________ era is broken down in Epochs.

Pasteur bent the slender necks of glass flasks to prevent __________ from reaching sterile water.

The bony fish evolved in the __________ period of the Paleozoic.

Oparin converted elemental nitrogen, carbon, oxygen and hydrogen to __________.

Francisco Redi did an experiment to show that meat did not produce maggots by the process of __________.

Denitrification occurs only __________.

Rhizobium is an example of a __________ that plays a role in nitrogen fixation.

The lower part of the atmosphere is called the __________.

Some ammonia is mineralized as __________.

In a food web animals are never __________.

Ammonia is a gas and has the chemical formula __________.

In photosynthesis, CO2 is converted to __________ and H2O.

Northern mockingbirds were introduced successfully to __________.

A top predator in a food chain is a __________.

Denitrification is the conversion of the __________ to N2.

Plants take up inorganic nitrates and convert them to organic compounds in a process known as __________.

Carbon is stored mostly as fossil fuels, CO2 and in __________.

Rhizobium is found in nodules in association with __________ plants.

Many ecologists argue that ecological efficiencies are about __________%.

A rabbit is an example of a __________.

Of the following __________ is the greenhouse gas most affected by human activities.

The conversion of amino acids back to __________ is called ammonification.

The symbiotic relationship between plant and Rhizobium is __________ in nature.

Photosynthesis is essentially __________.

Most of the gaseous nitrogen in the atmosphere exists in the form of __________.

Energy in biological systems mostly exists in the form of __________ molecules.

Water moves through soil to the groundwater by the process of __________.

The conversion of ammonium ions to nitrates is called __________.

__________ is another name for primary producers.

The ecological niche of a species may be based on __________.

The __________ is highly specialized for a diet of apple snails.

The __________ was used as an example of a habitat-specilized species.

Ecological pyramids illustrate the amount of __________ at various trophic levels.

Ecological pyramids were the brain child of __________.

According to Darwin's theory a bat's wing is homologous with a __________.

Darwin's theory of natural selection assumes that __________.

Of the following the __________ is not a tetrapod.

Darwin argued that those individuals that __________ were naturally selected.

The theory of the inheritance of acquired characteristics was advanced by __________.

__________ is an example of a sexually selected trait in passerine birds.

Darwin found fossils of __________ at high elevations in the Andes, suggesting that the Earth had changed over time.

Darwin noted that there was no native __________ in Australian grasslands.

In the forelimb of tetrapods, the radius is always paired with the __________.

Darwin observed that there were no __________ on oceanic islands.

Structures in different species such as the wings of insects and bats, are said to be analogous as they __________.

In the mid-nineteenth century people mostly believed that species were __________.

Darwin's theory requires that the __________.

The upper bone in the forelimbs of all tetrapods is called the __________.

According to the theory of natural selection __________.

The __________ are a species of deer in which both males and females have antlers.

There are __________ embryonic tissue layers.

Male Sage Grouse have __________ as a sexually selected trait.

Darwin used evidence from __________ to image the concept of Centers of Origin.

Erectile feathers on the head are a sexually selected trait in __________.

It is now well known that __________ places have fewer species.

According to the theory of the inheritance of acquired characteristics individuals transformed following __________.

Darwin published "Origin of Species" in __________.

There is(are) __________ mechanisms for sexual selection to follow.

Class __________ has the greatest number of vertebrate species.

A dorsal hollow nerve cord is a characteristic of just the __________.

Native birds in Hawaii were infected with __________ transmitted by mosquitoes.

Lampreys and hagfishes belong to the class __________.

__________ is the embryonic tissue layer that lines the embryonic gut.

The first vascular plants evolved in the __________.

Plants invaded during the __________.

The Platyhelminthes are the __________.

According to Lewis Wolpert __________ is the most important event in a person's life.

Hemichordates are __________.

__________ is the developmental stage during which the embryonic genes turn on.

__________ were the organisms that formed the White Cliffs of Dover.

African Sleeping Sickness is caused by a __________.

There are __________ embryonic tissue layers in evolutionarily more advanced animals.

The __________ tree apparently produces paclitaxel.

__________ is a deadly poison produced by some mushrooms.

Protosomes have __________ cleavage.

Ratfishes belong to the same vertebrate class at the __________.

Toxic modes of chemicals often affect the __________ in cells.

There is(are) __________ types of secondary body cavity seen in the animalia.

In the Protosome line, the blastopore becomes the __________.

Seeds evolved during the __________.

__________ are Protists involved in forming Red tides.

The archenteron forms from the __________.

In development of animals the __________ is the primary body cavity.

__________ is the Kingdom of species with prokaryotic cells.

Malaria is caused by a __________.

A pseudocoelom is typical of the __________.

Pharyngeal gill slits are a characteristic of just the __________.

__________ was a fungicide used widely in Florida in the 1980s and 90s

At fertilization a single cell called a __________ is formed.

__________ is a highly toxic form of mercury that is formed by the action of bacteria

Paclitaxel is used as an anti-__________ agent.

Chagas disease is caused by a(n) __________.

In the Deutertosome line, the lastopore becomes the __________.

Fungi are characterized by having cells with a cell wall made of __________.

Bacteria chiefly play an important role in __________ in ecosystems.

A zygote has __________ set(s) of chromosomes.

Tetrahymera is a genus in the Kingdom __________, often used in toxicology studies.

The nile crocodile is the largest crocodile species in __________.

The __________ is the largest species of sea turtle.

The __________ are lizards with specially adapted toe pads for clinging to vertical surfaces.

Smaller lizards are mostly adapted for feeding on __________.

Pythons differ from boas in that boas are __________.

The Spadefoot toads are native to __________.

The term "plastron" refers to part of a turtle's __________.

Of the sea turtles only the __________ is chiefly herbivorous.

According to a team of researches, giant tortoises once occurred on all the continents except __________.

The development of young from unfertilized eggs is called __________.

Temperature-dependent sex determination was discovered in a study of __________.

There are roughly __________ species of caecilians.

The __________ Anole is a common species introduced to Florida.

Chameleons are able to change their body color because of specialized cells called __________.

An endemic family of frogs is found on a series of oceanic islands formed by __________.

The giant salamander is __________ in length.

Garter Snakes are __________ type foragers.

The less evolutionarily advanced salamanders are mostly __________.

The Tree Lizards inhabit __________.

The largest salamander is native to __________.

The __________ is a scavenger that may occasionally kill and eat mammals.

The Eye-lash viper has a __________ between the eye and nostril.

An endemic family of frogs exists on the __________ islands.

There are roughly __________ species of salamanders.

The introduced Nile Monitor in Florida may possibly become a threat to native __________.

The modern order of Squamata likely descended from the fossil reptile group __________.

The __________ are very fast predators that feed by running down their prey.

According to the Florida Museum of Natural History, there are __________ species of crocodilians worldwide.

Parthenogenesis is seen in about 1/3 of the species in the lizard genus __________.

The __________ gecko is a common introduced lizard in Gainesville, Florida.

The dorsal part of a turtle's shell is called the __________.

__________ lizards feed on eggs, small mammals and birds.

Snake venom is made of __________.

Terrestrial Caecilians are mostly adapted for __________.

Of the sea turtles only the __________ is chiefly herbivorous.

The desert iguana is indigenous to __________.

The __________ is an example of an herbivorous lizard.

Salamanders reach their highest diversity in __________.

The __________ Python has been introduced to the everglades and apparently is becoming established there.

The mexican parrot snake is a __________ type forager.

Swans and geese tend to be plumage __________.

Petrels are related to __________.

Loons have suffered declines on their breeding grounds due to __________.

Rheas have __________ toes per foot.

Albatrosses are grouped with the __________.

Birds descended from the subclass __________ of fossil reptiles.

In England __________ is another name for Loons.

The Hoatzin is a species native to __________.

__________ wrote a fascinating book called The Island Waterfowl

The Whistling Ducks were once called __________ ducks.

__________ are an example of a dabbling duck.

The __________ were African ratites introduced to Australia.

Dabbling Ducks characteristically feed in __________.

The __________ is an example of a perching duck that is native to South America.

Pelagic birds like the Tubenoses live __________.

The __________ is one species of bird with a keen sense of smell.

Ratite birds are characterized by having a __________.

About half the species of birds in the world belong to the order __________.

There are about __________ species of birds in the world.

Diving Ducks mostly feed on __________.

The __________ was once called the Pigeon Hawk.

The __________ are long-tailed, and short-winged acrobatic fliers that mostly feed on birds.

The __________ is considered a sea duck although it lives mostly inland.

Diving Ducks, and Dabbling Ducks tend to be plumage __________.

Grebes are loon-like birds with __________ feet.

Several captively bred California Condors have been released in __________.

Species in the Pelican- Cormorant (Pelecaniformes) group have __________ feet.

The Anhinga or snake bird is actually in the same order as the __________.

White pelicans differ from other members of the order in that they do not __________.

The __________ are an example of a diving duck.

Emus have __________ toes per feet.

Of the ratites only the __________ has just two toes.

In various species of grouse, the males come to a common site called a(n) __________ and there they attempt to attract mates by inflating sir sacs and chasing other males

The __________ has claws on its wings to help it climb through vegetation.

There are actually __________ species of kiwi.

The __________ are board winged soaring species

There are __________ species of Mergansers in North America.

Groove-billed Anis are related to the __________.

The __________ plover nests far inland on grasslands.

Woodpeckers have __________ feet, where two toes point forward and one or two point backward.

The Hoopoe is a European and African species in the same group as the __________.

A cere is a characteristic of the __________.

Galahs are a species of __________.

Galahs are native to __________.

American Bitterns are in the same group as the __________.

Numerous species of flightless __________ evolved on oceanic islands.

Female __________ are brightly colored while the males have a duller plumage.

Kookaburras are related to the __________.

Owls have feet that are oriented like those of the __________.

The main food of Limpkins is __________.

Herons and Egrets feed chiefly on __________.

Wood storks and __________ both have un-feathered heads.

Whooping cranes originally nested only in __________.

__________ are species that are related to Terns that feed by flying low with their lower mandible in the water.

A grey-tailed Mountain Gem is a species of __________.

All plovers either lack or have vestigal (=reduced) __________.

In the American Southwest as many as __________ Hummingbird species are known to occur.

Roseate Spoonbills are in the same group as the __________.

The Dodos and Solitaires were native only to the __________.

Toucanets are related to __________.

Limpkins are in the same group as the __________.

The crested pigeon is native to __________.

The tawny frogmouth is a common bird in __________.

The __________ are mostly pelagic species in the shorebird group that feed by diving for fish.

members of the heron and egret group are characterized by having __________.

The __________ are shorebirds that feed by spinning around in the water to stir up food items.

Jaegers and Skuas feed on mammals and birds and are actually closely related to __________.

Terns feed by __________.

According to one reference there are __________ species of Hummingbirds in Costa Rica alone.

In the Eastern US there is __________ common species of Hummingbird.

The Nighthjars and Tawny Frogmouth are members of the group known as the __________.

Dodos were in the same group as the __________.

The yellow-bellied siskin is a type of __________.

Currawongs are native to __________.

There are __________ species of waxwings worldwide.

Shrikes are found worldwide except for __________.

The new holland honey-eater is native to __________.

Three-wattled bellbirds are indigenous to the __________.

Horned Larks are not native to __________.

The __________ family is the largest family that is found just in the New World.

The __________ are passerine birds that forage by impaling small animals on thorns.

Thrushes are found woldwide except in __________.

The __________ are passerine species that are similar to swifts

__________ are common passerine birds that occur worldwide except for South America.

The Northern Mockingbird is most closely related to the __________.

Most tanagers are found in __________.

Redpolls are in the same group as the __________.

The __________ are sluggish insect gleaning foragers.

A brushy tongue is characteristic of the __________.

Titmice are in the same family as the __________.

The __________ is a chickadee like species indigenous to the Southwest and Mexico, that belongs to a distinct family.

North American Gnatcatchers are in the same family as the __________.

The bobolink is related to the __________.