Western Civilization - Chapter 13

30 August 2022
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At the Council of Trent, the Catholic Church:
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Reaffirmed almost all of the doctrines that Protestants criticized.
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During the sixteenth century, in both Protestant and Catholic countries, marriage practices changed to encourage:
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More parental control over their children's choice of marriage partners.
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Henry VIII's first wife was:
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Catherine of Aragon
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In comparison to Lutheranism, Calvinism was much more:
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Authoritarian with respect to personal conduct and morality.
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In contrast to Lutherans, Zwinglians, and Calvinists, Anabaptists:
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Believed that only adults should be baptized, not children.
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In order to limit the possibility that "a priesthood of all believers" might result in greater equality across classes and genders, Luther:
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Stopped speaking about the concept almost entirely.
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Luther believed that works of piety and charity were:
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The natural outgrowth of justification and Christian devotion.
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Luther received support from German princes for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
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Protestant princes believed the papacy to be corrupt and so politically irrelevant.
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Luther was protected from persecution and harm:
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By Frederick the Wise.
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Luther's act of nailing his ninety-five theses to the wall:
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Was the usual way of announcing scholarly debates on various issues.
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Luther's religious reforms included all of the following EXCEPT:
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Denying that Christ was truly present at the Lord's Supper.
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Luther's scathing denunciations of the papacy were met with popular support because:
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Many German peoples were dissatisfied with the corruption of the papacy.
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Martin Luther joined the _________ order.
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Augustinian
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Perhaps the two most influential religious texts of the sixteenth century were Loyola's Spiritual Exercises and:
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Calvin's Institutes.
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Prior to founding the Society of Jesus, Ignatius Loyola was:
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A mercenary soldier
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Protestants generally believed that people:
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Were innately bad.
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Radical Protestantism could be antithetical to human reason:
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Because Protestants emphasized unquestioning faith.
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Some of Protestantism's earliest successes were in:
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Northern Germany and Scandinavia.
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The "Elizabethan settlement" included all of the following EXCEPT:
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Accepting papal authority over the monasteries and convents.
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The Peace of Augsburg in 1555:
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Established the principle that the ruler of a territory determined the religion of that territory.
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The Reformation changed the role of the family in Protestant society by:
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Arguing that sin could be checked if women married at a young age.
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The Swiss city of Zürich is most often associated with which Protestant reformer?
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Zwingli
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The central feature of Calvinist worship was:
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The sermon.
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When peasants in much of Germany revolted against their landlords:
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Luther condemned the revolt and urged the ruthless suppression of the rebels.
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Why would Clement VII not permit King Henry VIII of England to divorce Catherine of Aragon and marry Anne Boleyn?
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Because Catherine's nephew, Emperor Charles V, controlled Rome and disapproved of Henry's request for a divorce.