HumanitiesThe Counter-Reformation
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The Counter-Reformation

Makayla Kelly avatar Makayla Kelly
26 August 2022
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33 test answers

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question
How did religious turmoil affect society during the 1500s?
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caused changes in religion, fear and persecution of different religious groups, the creation of independent states
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What wars occurred because of the Counter-Reformation?
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Italian and Peasants' War.
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What was the Counter-Reformation?
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The Catholic Church's series of reforms in a response to the spread of Protestantism.
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What factors led to the Peasants' War?
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Peasants were charged with high taxes and had lack of power.
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On what issues did the reformer Ignatius of Loyola focus?
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Focused on education to combat the Protestants. Ran the Jesuits like a military emphasizing obedience to the church above all.
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How did the Catholic Church try to keep people from becoming Protestant?
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They persecuted non-Catholics.
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What were some of the effects of the Counter-Reformation on European society?
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Protestant groups develop. Church leaders reformed the Catholic Church. Anti-Semitism increased and religious conflicts spread across Europe.
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What led to the persecution of witches across Europe during the 1500s?
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People feared that witches roamed the land and was killing which inspired hysteria and accused witches were executed.
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Who were the Huguenots?
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Protestant minority who fought against the Catholics. Fighting stopped when their leader Henry of Navarre became Catholic.
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How did the Peace of Augsburg encourage religious toleration?
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Lutheran princes were allowed to choose the religion their subjects would follow. Either Lutheranism/Catholicism.
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True or False. Girolamo Savonarola founded the Jesuit order and concentrated on education as a means of combating the Protestant Reformation.
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False
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True or False. Decisions made at the Council of Trent ensured that there would be no compromise between Catholicism and Protestantism.
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True
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True or False. The Catholic Church established the Roman Inquisition and the Index of Forbidden Books to fight Protestantism and impose religious uniformity
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True
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True or False. Catholicism was unable to stop the spread of Protestantism because the Protestants were firmly united under the principles of John Calvin.
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True
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True or False. The Protestant Reformation indirectly encouraged the formation of independent states and nations and resulted in a separation of powers between church and state.
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True
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True or False. The Reformation caused anti-Semitism to increase and religious conflicts to spread across Europe.
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True
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Who was Girolamo Savonarola?
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A reformer and monk who tried to change the Catholic Church from within. Eventually Pope Alexander excommunicated then executed him.
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How did Girolamo Savonarola try to change the church from within?
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Insisted churches melt gold/silver and buy bread for the hungry. Convinced people to gather and burn their jewelry and trinkets (known as 'bonfire of the vanities')
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Members of a Catholic religious order, the society of Jesus, founded by Ignatius Loyola.
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Jesuits
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Who was Ignatius Loyola?
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Spanish churchman and founder of the Jesuits
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Who was Charles Borromeo?
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Archbishop of Milan. Took steps to carry out the reforms ordered by the Council of Trent. (such as building a new school for the education of priests)
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Who was Francis of Sales?
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French Roman Catholic leader and preacher.He worked to win back the district of Savory, in France, from Calvinism. After that succeeded, he later found a religious teaching order for women
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What was the Company of Saint Ursula?
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an order for women dedicated to teaching girls.
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What was the Visitation of Holy Mary?
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order which trained women to be teacher.
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Teresa of Avila
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Spanish nun who reformed the Carmelite order
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What was the 'Edict of Nantes'?
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A proclamation made by Henry of Navarre that granted freedom to Protestants
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What was the one thing Catholics, Protestants, and Lutherans agreed on?
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Viewed Jews and Muslims as heretics.
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What were the Italian Wars about?
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A series of wars in which France and Italy fought for control of the Italian Peninsula.
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How the Italian Wars begin?
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King Charles VIII invaded France around the time Savonarola was executed (monk who tried to change the church from within)
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What were some effects of the Italian Wars?
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Expanded the Italian Renaissance throughout Europe. Troops returned home carrying ideas they were exposed to in Italy. Artists from Italy fled to the north, bringing new techniques and styles.
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Peasants' War
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war between German peasants and nobles for freedom and more rights. Luther did not approve and many peasants were executed.
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What was the Peace of Augsburg?
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1555 agreement declaring that the religion of each German state would be decided by its ruler. Either Lutheranism or Catholicism.
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What were the causes of The Reformation?
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Humanists values led people to question church authority. Some clergymen were corrupt, worldly or uneducated. Martin Luther posted his Ninety Five Theses. Printing press helped spread Reformation ideas