Psychology 6

Dave's boss told him that he doesn't have to attend the company picnic (which everybody dislikes) if Dave meets his sales quota this month. Dave's boss is using ________.

If a stimulus plus a response results in a satisfying outcome, the probability of that response occurring again ________.

In classical conditioning, the association that is learned is between a ________.

To maximize learning, a ________ should be presented on a(n) ________ schedule.

You call a friend on the phone and repeatedly get sent to voicemail, so you continue to call her every 5-20 minutes hoping to speak to her personally. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

What do psychologists call a relatively permanent change in behavior or knowledge that results from experience?

Classical and operant conditioning are forms of ________ learning.

Which of the following is a process by which we learn to associate stimuli and, consequently, to anticipate events?

In ________ conditioning, an established conditioned stimulus is paired with a new neutral stimulus.

In the initial period of learning, ________ describes when an organism learns to connect a neutral stimulus and an unconditioned stimulus.

Which of the following is the decrease in the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is no longer presented with the conditioned stimulus?

In operant conditioning, what describes adding something to decrease the likelihood of behavior?

Which term best describes rewarding successive approximations of a target behavior?

________ reinforcers have innate reinforcing qualities.

When an organism receives a reinforcer each time it displays a behavior, it is called________ reinforcement.

Who experimented with rats to demonstrate that organisms can learn even if they do not receive immediate reinforcement?

Learning that occurs but is not observable in behavior until there is a reason to demonstrate it is called ________ learning.

Learning that occurs while watching others and then imitating, or modeling, what they do or say is called ________ learning.

Which process involves observing a model being punished and then becoming less likely to imitate the model's behavior?

In operant conditioning, ________ is when something is removed to increase the likelihood of a behavior.

Which of the following is an example of instinct: unlearned knowledge that involves complex patterns of behavior?

Julian watches his grandfather repair watches. As Julian matures he imitates what his grandfather does, and then his grandfather shows him more complicated techniques. Eventually, Julian is as proficient at repairing watches as his grandfather. This exemplifies ________.

In ________ conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus unconditionally elicits a reaction. For example, a bit of black pepper blown into the eye produces a blinking response.

Grace whistles while tickling Khaleel with a feather. Eventually, Khaleel starts to squirm and giggle every time Grace whistles, even when he is not being tickled. In this example, squirming and giggling is a(n) ________.

Dimitri and Rita eat some donuts for breakfast and then spend the morning at an amusement park. After a few hours of riding the Super Looper Double Twist Dimitri feels nauseous and regurgitates the donuts. Rita is fine, but Dimitri has developed a ________, and the next time they stop for donuts, Dimitri immediately feels ill.

Birds migrating, cats chasing prey, sea turtles moving toward the ocean immediately after birth, and joeys moving to the mother's pouch immediately after birth are all examples of ________.

Which of the following is an example of observational learning?

Molly attempts to condition her puppy to greet her when she enters the house. She repeatedly pairs her entry to the house with a treat for the puppy. The puppy eventually acquires this ability, and Molly realizes how irritating it is for the puppy to run up to her every time she enters the house. She attempts to make the puppy stop, and eventually the puppy no longer feels motivated to greet her when she enters the house. The puppy no longer greeting her when she enters the house is an example of ________.

Which of the following is an example of stimulus generalization?

In classical conditioning, the ________ is an unlearned reaction to a given stimulus. For example, if you have an allergy to pollen and sneeze, sneezing is an unlearned reaction to the pollen (i.e., the stimulus).

Which of the following is an example of stimulus discrimination?

Gus receives a paycheck every week. Which reinforcement schedule is this?

Which of the following is an example of fixed ratio reinforcement schedule?

Although B. F. Skinner and John B. Watson refused to believe that thoughts and expectations play a role in learning, ________ suggested a cognitive aspect to learning.

Gambling at a slot machine is an example of which reinforcement schedule?

Tabetha has a mental picture of the layout of her house, also called a ________, so when she comes home late at night she can navigate through the rooms without turning on a light.

Gabrielle watches her father put batteries into her toy phone, and she is then able to put the batteries into the toy phone herself without further instruction from her father. In this example, Gabrielle's father is a ________.

Which of the following is an example of vicarious punishment?

Which of the following is an example of vicarious reinforcement?

Which of the following is an example of latent learning?

What did John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrate with their studies of Little Albert?

What is the main idea of social learning theory?

If the principles of social learning theory are true, then children may model aggressive behavior ________.

What was the main point of Ivan Pavlov's experiment with dogs?

Which of the following experiments involves the use of operant conditioning?

What is the main idea of operant conditioning?

According to Albert Bandura, ________.

What is the primary conclusion John B. Watson's made after working with Little Albert?

Identify the major flaw with John B. Watson's Little Albert experiment.

Which of the following statements about Ivan Pavlov is true?