Sociology Quiz #3

Which of the following is a social group? a. couple married less than one year b.everyone in your sociology class who has brown hair c. passengers on an airline flight d. Microsoft stockholders e. students who play soccer

Bert is a New York Yankees fan who watches them play every time they play. To Bert, Boston Red Sox fans are a(n) _____ to New Your Yankees. a. in-group b. out-group c. aggregate d. social category e. friends

Which of the following statements is NOT true about in-groups? a. in-group members feel loyalty to the group b. in-group membership is often temporary c. in-group members have a sense of belonging d. in-group members are biased in favor of their fellow members

John graduates from college with a degree in business administration and gets a job with a large firm that audits small businesses that have contracts with the city. While working there, he becomes friends with Dave, who invites him to attend a weekly poker game that becomes a meaningful part of John's life. Some weeks the game is the only thing John looks forward to. What does this illustrate? a. the absolute distinction between primary and secondary groups b. the goal-orientated nature of primary groups c. the way that primary groups can lead to membership in secondary groups d. the way that secondary groups can lead to close personal ties of primary groups e. the relative distinction between primary and secondary groups

Which of the following arrangements facilitate relationships and social interaction? a. the economic homogeneity of gated communities, where like-minded people relate to one another b. employees working from home three out of five days a week c. townhall meetings where citizens can discuss, debate, and vote on issues d. workplace situations where different activities and workers are segregated e. housewives taking the kids to school five days a week

A 28 year old woman is on the verge of a big promotion at work. Because she did not finish college until she was 25, she wonders about getting her career moving, especially since the entry-level job that she has is not impressive. She decides to attend her 10-year high school reunion only if she is promoted. If her old high school classmates have this effect on her, what kind of group do they represent? a. a triad b. a primary group c. a reference group d. a particularly cohesive group e. all of the above.

Which of the following best describes the relationship between group size, intimacy, and stability? a. Larger groups, such as families with more than 3 children, are more intimate than small families with 1 child because everyone must look after everyone else b. Larger groups, such as fraternities, are less intimate than small cliques, but are more stable c. Dyads are always teh most stable and enduring of all social groups d. Triads are more intimate than dyads because embers are working to keep the groups together e. Larger groups are more intimate than triads because members are working to keep the group together

solomon Asch's experiment in which a group of subjects were asked to compare lengths of lines demonstrates that: a. an authoritarian leader cans wrongly influence group members b. groups have low poer t induce community c. the larger the group, the less each member has a sense of individual responsibility d. when people are given a relatively simple task, they are unlikely to conform to a larger group e. groups have great power to induce conformity

When group members withhold their reservation and criticisms for the sake of the consensus, they are engaging in: a. group solidarity b. group dynamics c. groupthink d. transactional leadership e. informal networks

Sociologists refer to th webs of direct and indirect ties connecting individuals to others who influence them as: a. social networks b. reference groups c. in-groups d. out-groups e. organizations

Formal organizations: a. are irrationally designed to achieve their objectives b. are typically primary group relations with formal procedures c. are atypical in modern societies d. never involve legalities and formal procedures e. often employ explicit rules, regulations, and procedures

Which of the following are NOT true regarding bureaucracies? a. they have come to dominate modern social life, as predicted by Max Weber b. they can be technically effective and efficient c. they can be so bound by red tape that their rules impede the purpose of the organization d. thy are organized in a way that breaks down hierarchies of management so that all members feels a sense of equality with one another e. they have not come to dominate modern social life, as predicted by Max Weber

Which of the following best characterizes the place of women in executive positions within AMerica? a. the percentage of women senior executives increase dramatically during the 1950s but then slowed down during the 1990s b. the most dramatic gender change among chief executives has been the number if women in charge of the economic direction of corporations c. since the feminist movement of the 1960s and 70s, women now make up nearly 30% of the senior executive of major corporations d. while the percentage of women senior executives has increase, the number of women in key corporate positions continue to lag e. the percentage of women senior executives has decreased

How do Japanese corporations differ from MAx Weber's model followed by most business organizations in the West? a. Japanese employees are more individualistic than their Western counterpart b. there is less job security in Japan c. Japanese corporations encourage consensus building d. the Japanese maintain a strict separation between work and their private lives e. Japanese corporations discourage consensus building

Which of the following is an advantage of information technology in organizations? a. it promotes more hierarchal management, permitting more efficient decision making b. it enables organizations to become more decentralized, allowing for greater flexibility c. it stifles creativity in problem solving, companies operate independently d. it enables employees t work fewer hours e. it encourages organizational boundaries because of the lack if flexibility

Robert Michels saw that power is inevitably concentrates at the top in large-scal organization and in societies dominated by organizations. HJe called this: a. the natural flow of power b. the iron law of oligarchy c. the surveillance society d. the managerial ruling class e. the rule of many over the few

According to Robert Merton, one of the principle reasons people turn to deviant behavior in the U.S. is that: a. there are a lot of people with inborn antisocial tendencies b. deviant behavior had becomes glamorized in the media and therefore becomes increasingly attractive to young people c. the goal of success is shared by a majority of people, but not everyone has equal means to achieve that goal d. deviant behavior has become so widespread that many people think it is normal e. there are few people with inborn antisocial tendencies

If you live in a high-crime area, you may befriend people who are involved in criminal activities, thus increasing your opportunity to learn criminal behavior. This theory is known as: a. labeling theory b. social deviance theory c. non-conformity d. differential association e. functionalist perspective

According to Edwin Sutherland, criminals adopt criminal behavior because they: a. are genetically predisposed to criminal activity b. transfer their emotional issues ti criminal behavior c. are exposed to environments that encourage illegal activity d. repsond to rewards and punishments e. are exposed to environments that encourage legal activity

With which of the following statements might a conflict theorist most closely agree? a. deviants are born int a culture that rewards criminal behavior b. the best method to understand deviant behavior is to understand the conflict between the individual's ego, superego, and id c. deviants are born into a culture that does not reward criminal behavior as form of power d. deviant behavior results from deviants associating with other deviants e. powerful groups label individuals as deviants as a way to control those who are less powerful

Because laws represent the interests of those in power, crimes committed by the upper classes are typically treated more leniently than crimes committed by the lower classes. This argument is consistent with: a. differential association theory b. conflict theory c. labeling theory d. functionalist theory e. reinforcement theory

What is the most likely explanation fro why violent crimes is so prevalent in the U.S. in contrast to other Western societies? a. the widespread availability of firearms b. a larger deviant population c. the glamorizing of violence and crime on television and in movies d. more young people who are likely to commit crimes e. the Nintnh amendement

Which of the following is NOT an example of corporate crime? a. a pesticide company dumps pollutants into the local river b. food manufacturers label and item as "light" when in fact it has as many calories as the regular item c. automobile companies manufacture a vehicle that has a high probability of explosion on impact with another object d. a stockbroker misleads clients about the level of risk associated with certain investments so that he or she can increase his or her own profits e. an electronic company selling a hardware product that does not work

Which of the following best describes American;s beliefs about capital punishment? a. the percentage supporting the death penalty has nearly doubled in the past 40 years b. AMericans' beliefs about capital punishment are similar to the beliefs of Europeans c. the majority of Americans have always supported killing convicted criminals d. feer Americans support capital punishment today than a generation ago e. none of the above

Under what circumstances does a deviant label lead from primary to secondary deviance? a. when the deviant label is applies by a large number of people to that individual b. when the deviant label is applied by someone very powerful c. when the deviant label is accepted by the individual and seen as deviant d. when the deviant label is applied later in life, once the individual is in prison e. when the deviant label is the most important attitude to the individual

The size of a groups does not effect how it operates or what sort of relationships are possible within it because group dynamics are the same regardless of the group size. a. true b. false

Our social networks can only consists f our closest friends and family a. true b. false

Studies show that Western companies cannot successfully operate with the kind of bottom-up decision making used in Japan. a. true b. false

Everything about bureaucracies is bad because they constitute an iron cage of rules and regulations. a. true b. false

there is a social tie between me and my best friend's uncle even though I've never met him. a. true b. false

Human resources management is a style hat sees human resource issues as the responsibility of the whole organization, not just the human resources department. a. true b. false

deviance is an objective or unchanging phenomenon that transcends culture, history, and situational context. a. true b. false

Even "deviant" groups have their own norms to which members are expected to conform. a. true b. false

The term "sanction" refers only to the responses meant to punish nonconformity. a. true b. false

According to Emile Durkheim's functionalist theory, the function of deviance is to help clarify moral boundaries and affirm social norms. a. true b. false

___ affirms that criminals adopt criminal behavior because in their community illegal activities are encouraged.

Jane is a nursing student who reads books about the life of nurses, and uses nursing expressions when talking to her friends. For her, nurses are her ___.

___ used the concept of "delinquent subculture" to refer to social groups in society like gangs who reject middle-class norms and celebrate deviance as the norm.

Parents who want to excuse their children's behavior commonly stat about their son: "He just fell in with a bad crowd." This represents the theory of: ___.

___ refers to a number of people who happen to be in one particular place but do not interact with one another.

An individual who is capable of instilling a sense of mission and is able to changes the nature of the rest of the community is called ___.

American sociologist ___ agreed with Emil Durkheim's theory concerning that "deviance is an integral part of all healthy societies."

___ represents an organization that involves certain rituals and events as well as loyalty from the employees to the company.

___ reinforces exclusive identities and homogenous groups that we can find in our society like fraternity/sorority groups.

The people who smoke around the world represent a particular kind of people. In sociology we call them ___.