Psychology exam 3 example #21622

Which of the following statements best describes classical conditioning?

Operant conditioning is a form of learning that _____.

In operant conditioning, _____ occurs when a behavior is no longer reinforced and decreases in frequency.

Which of the following is true of generalization in classical conditioning?

Classical conditioning _____.

_____ in classical conditioning is the tendency of a new stimulus that is similar to the original conditioned stimulus to elicit a response that is similar to the conditioned response.

An unconditioned response is a(n):

Extinction in classical conditioning is:

_____ in operant conditioning occurs when the frequency of a behavior increases because it is followed by the removal of something undesirable.

_____, in classical conditioning, is the weakening of the conditioned response when the unconditioned stimulus is absent.

Psychologists who examine learning from a behavioral perspective define learning as _____.

Melvin is an elementary-school teacher who rewards his students with extra playing time whenever they do well on a class assignment. In this scenario, which of the following techniques is Melvin using to motivate his students to work harder?

In Pavlov's experiments on classical conditioning, prior to associating the sound of the bell with the food, the dog's salivation in response to the food was the _____.

_____ in classical conditioning is the process of learning to respond to certain stimuli and not others.

In John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner's demonstration of the role of classical conditioning in the development of fears, little Albert learned to fear a white rat. In this study, the white rat was the _____.

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates divided attention?

Which of the following is true of elaboration in memory?

_____ is the system of memory that holds information for time frames of a fraction of a second to several seconds.

Intermediate processing in memory is the level at which _____.

In the context of retrieval failures, the decay theory states that memories fade because _____.

In the context of memory encoding, sustained attention is _____.

After hearing a friend's telephone number for the first time, Harold was immediately able to recite all seven digits of the phone number in perfect order. Harold most likely used his _____ to recite these digits.

_____ refers to the formation of a number of different connections around a stimulus at any given level of memory encoding.

Recalling the names of the members of a famous football team is an example of _____.

_____ refers to the process by which information gets into memory storage.

Jennifer had a very enjoyable time at the amusement park one week ago. Most of the visual and auditory stimuli that she experienced and has now forgotten were initially processed in her _____ memory.

_____ refers to the retention of information about the where, when, and what of life's happenings.

Which of the following is true of short-term memory?

Jim needs a backyard shed to house his motorcycle, and even though he has never built one, he decides to do it himself. He buys a book of professionally drawn detailed shed plans that provide step-by-step instructions. In this situation, Jim is using:

Cathy has long believed that all her supervisors are cranky and disagreeable individuals. According to the confirmation bias, after being transferred to a new department, which of the following will Cathy most likely do on her first day in the new supervisor's department?

Being receptive to other ways of looking at things is referred to as _____.

Maria is extremely active in politics. She has strong conservative beliefs about what is correct and what is not. Each day when she reads the newspaper, she pays close attention to the editorial section in particular. According to the confirmation bias, what will she do when she reads them?

Henry, the marketing team lead of Shield Corp, always consults his team members prior to making any important decisions. This, in turn, indicates that Henry engages in _____ during the process of decision making.

The concept of _____ is best defined as the ability to do well on cognitive tasks, to solve problems, and to learn from experience.

Which of the following terms refers to a limited mental capacity that affects functioning in conceptual skills, social skills, and practical skills?

Shizuka administered a self-developed depression scale twice on a group of patients at a hospital. At both times, she observed that different scores were yielded by the same set of patients. From this scenario, it can be concluded that Shizuka's scale lacks _____.

Joel and Zeus watch a soccer game between team A and team B on T.V. Team A wins the match and Zeus exclaims, "I knew team A would win this match!" According to the biases and heuristics in decision making, it can be concluded that Zeus is employing _____ in this scenario.

Cognitive psychologists are interested in examining the process of:

After the outcome of an election is announced, George states that he knew all along what the outcome would be. This is a form of:

Monique routinely uses a shredder to shred her paper mail into confetti-sized pieces of paper. When packing her glassware to move into a new apartment, she runs out of protective Styrofoam packing material. Suddenly, Monique remembers about the shredded junk mail confetti which she could use as packing material. From the above scenario, it can be concluded that Monique has:

Human beings will often reason from the specific to the general. That is, people often form general rules and concepts based on specific experiences and examples. This type of reasoning is termed as:

Whenever scientists use theories and intuitions to make specific predictions and then evaluate their predictions by making further observations, _____ is at work.

Heuristics differ from algorithms in that heuristics:

Claudia has bought a recipe book that gives her step-by-step procedures to prepare Italian cuisines. This scenario illustrates the use of _____.

By definition, people who are gifted have ____.

In everyday situations, finding and framing problems can be difficult because most real-life problems: