Ap Human Geography example #52340

the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration.

an extreme or fanatical loyalty or devotion to a nation.

The European Union is a politico-economic union of 28 member states that are located primarily in Europe. The EU operates through a system of supranational institutions and intergovernmental negotiated decisions by the member states.

The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization established 24 October 1945, to promote international co-operation.

The North Atlantic Treaty Organization, also called the North Atlantic Alliance, is an intergovernmental military alliance based on the North Atlantic Treaty which was signed on 4 April 1949.

The African Union (AU) is a union consisting of 54 African states. The only African state that is not a member is Morocco. The AU was established on 26 May 2001 in Addis Ababa and launched on 9 July 2002 in South Africa to replace the Organisation of African Unity (OAU).

a situation in which nations of the world have roughly equal power.

In 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) came into effect, creating one of the world's largest free trade zones and laying the foundations for strong economic growth and rising prosperity for Canada, the United States, and Mexico.

DEFINITION of 'Association of Southeast Asian Nations - ASEAN' An organization of countries in southeast Asia set up to promote cultural, economic and political development in the region. ASEAN was officially formed in 1967 with the signing of the Bangkok Declaration.

The Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO) is an intergovernmental organization involving seven Asian and three Eurasian nations, part of the South-central Asian Union. It provides a platform to discuss ways to improve development and promote trade, and investment opportunities.

Mercosur or Mercosul (Spanish: Mercado Común del Sur, Portuguese: Mercado Comum do Sul, Guarani: Ñemby Ñemuha, Southern Common Market) is a sub-regional bloc comprising Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay, Uruguay and Venezuela. Its associate countries are Chile, Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador and Peru.

New World Order, New world order or The New World Order may refer to: New World Order (conspiracy theory), a conspiracy theory in which a secret elite is conspiring to rule the world via world government and globalization.

the use of violence and intimidation in the pursuit of political aims.

Conflict in Iraq and Syria has seen ISIS control increasing amounts of territory. Charting the group's rise, Peter Welby says that future dangers lie in the appeal to Islamists worldwide of their claims to a Caliphate.

In 1994 Sudan—under pressure from Saudi Arabia and the U.S.—expelled bin Laden, who moved his base of operations to Afghanistan. Bin Laden was the "guest" of the Taliban until the U.S. drove them from power in Nov. 2001. Al-Qaeda set up terrorist training camps in the war-torn nation, as it had in Sudan.

Membership of an ethnic group tends to be associated with shared cultural heritage, ancestry, history, homeland, language or dialect, the term culture specifically including aspects such as religion, mythology and ritual, cuisine, dressing style, etc.

identity with a group of people who share a biological ancestor

the state of being a slave

a practice, primarily during the eighteenth century, in which European ships transported slaves from Africa to Caribbean Islands, molasses from the Caribbean to Europe, and trade goods from Europe to Africa.

the action of buying and selling goods and services.

a farmer especially in the southern U.S. who raises crops for the owner of a piece of land and is paid a portion of the money from the sale of the crops

a person who believes that a particular race is superior to another.

to isolate in or as if in a ghetto

the practice or policy of keeping people of different races, religions, etc., separate from each other

White flight is a term that originated in the United States, starting in the mid-20th century, and applied to the large-scale migration of whites of various European ancestries from racially mixed urban regions to more racially homogeneous suburban or exurban regions.

a process by which real estate agents convince white property owners to sell their houses at low prices because of fear that black families will soon move into the neighborhood

Redlining is the practice of, in the United States, denying, or charging more for, services such as banking, insurance, access to health care, or even supermarkets, or denying jobs to residents in particular, often racially determined, areas.

a former social system in South Africa in which black people and people from other racial groups did not have the same political and economic rights as white people and were forced to live separately from white people

the status of belonging to a particular nation.

a large body of people, associated with a particular territory, that is sufficiently conscious of its unity to seek or to possess a government peculiarly its own

a sovereign state inhabited by a relatively homogeneous group of people who share a feeling of common nationality.

the ability of a government to determine their own course of their own free will

an attitude that tends to unify people and enhance support for a state

the outward force on a body moving in a curved path around another body

Nationalism is a belief, creed or political ideology that involves an individual identifying with, or becoming attached to, one's nation.

Irredentism is the nationalist belief that a territory belonging to another country should be annexed for ethnic or historical reasons.

a member of a mainly pastoral Islamic people living in Kurdistan

Patriotism is, generally speaking, cultural attachment to one's homeland or devotion to one's country, although interpretations of the term vary with context, geography and political ideology. It is a set of concepts closely related to those of nationalism.

a state that contains more than one ethnicity

contains two ethnic groups with traditions of self-determination that agree to coexist peacefully by recognizing each other as distinct nationalities

an area of instability between regions with opposing political and cultural values

a portion of territory within or surrounded by a larger territory whose inhabitants are culturally or ethnically distinct.

process in which a more powerful ethnic group forcibly removes a less powerful one in order to create an ethnically homogenous region

systematic killing of a racial or cultural group

term used to describe a small geographic area that could not successfully be organized into one or more stable states because it was inhabited by many ethnicities with complex, long-standing antagonisms toward each other

Process by which a state breaks down through conflicts among its ethnicities

the transfer or delegation of power to a lower level, especially by central government to local or regional administration.

The Hutu /?hu?tu?/, also known as the Abahutu, is an ethnic group inhabiting the African Great Lakes region. They mainly live in Rwanda, Burundi, and the eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo, where they form one of the principal population divisions alongside the Tutsi and the Twa.

The Tutsi are the second largest population division among the three largest groups in Rwanda and Burundi, the other two being the Hutu (largest) and the Twa (smallest).

The interplay among geography, power, politics, and international relations.

a nation or territory considered as an organized political community under one government.

DEFINITION of 'United Nations - UN' An international organization formed in 1945 to increase political and economic cooperation among member countries. The organization works on economic and social development programs, improving human rights and reducing global conflicts.

A stateless nation is an ethnic group, religious group, linguistic group or other cohesive group which is not the majority population in any nation state. The term implies that the group "should have" such a state, and thus expresses irredentism.

the authority of a state to govern itself or another state.

the scientific description of the customs of individual peoples and cultures.

a group of people of one nationality or ethnic group living in a foreign city or country.

the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupying it with settlers, and exploiting it economically.

a policy of extending a country's power and influence through diplomacy or military force.

a line that marks the limits of an area; a dividing line.

Compact States are one of six different shapes for States, and are usually not fully circular. The benefits of these states are that they are easiest to defend (they have the smallest possible perimeter), and they are effective with communication and transportation.

A prorupted state has a long extension, or an extended arm of territory. This protrusion gives the state several advantages.

An elongated shaped state is long and narrow. This type of state also has many disadvantages. For example, they are difficult to defend. An elongated state, such as Chile, makes for difficult governance of the peripheral areas in the north and south.

A state that is separated by a physical or human barrier. This creates several problems for the country. Many portions of the state are separated by oceans, lakes, and mountains. It is difficult to govern such a country composed of islands, such as Indonesia.

A perforated state completely surrounds another. A classic example would be South Africa since it surrounds Lesotho. The surrounded nation can only be reached by going through one country.

(especially of a country) almost or entirely surrounded by land; having no coastline or seaport.

a portion of territory within or surrounded by a larger territory whose inhabitants are culturally or ethnically distinct.

An exclave is a piece of land which is politically attached to a larger piece but not physically conterminous with it because of surrounding foreign territory. Many entities are both enclaves and exclaves.

a line or border separating two countries.

The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), also called the Law of the Sea Convention or the Law of the Sea treaty, is the international agreement that resulted from the third United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS III), which took place between 1973 and 1982.

Territorial waters, or a territorial sea, as defined by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is a belt of coastal waters extending at most 12 nautical miles (22.2 km; 13.8 mi) from the baseline (usually the mean low-water mark) of a coastal state.

An exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is a sea zone prescribed by the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea over which a state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind.

a form of nationalism in which the "nation" is defined in terms of ethnicity

a line that marks the limits of an area; a dividing line.

A unitary state is a state governed as one single power in which the central government is ultimately supreme and any administrative divisions (subnational units) exercise only powers that their central government chooses to delegate. The majority of states in the world have a unitary system of government. ex china

In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states, as well as the division of power between them and the central government, are typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision of either party, the states or the federal political body.

A minor civil division (MCD) is a term used by the United States Census Bureau to designate the primary governmental and/or administrative divisions of a county, such as a civil township, precinct, or magisterial district. As of 2010, MCDs exist in 29 states and the District of Columbia.

manipulate the boundaries of (an electoral constituency) so as to favor one party or class.

a state whose political or economic system has become so weak that the government is no longer in control.