AP Human Geography unit 7 vocab

The physical character of a place. Ex: Mountain

Location compared to another place Ex: city with the lake next to it.

An increase in the percentage and in the number of people living in urban settlements.

4 eras of transp and comm dev (1790-present): 1790-1830 sail-wagon, 1830-1870 iron-horse, 1870-1920 steel-rail, 1920-1970 auto-air

A group of cities that form an interconnected, internationally dominant system of global control of finance and commerce

cities with more than 10 million people

A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the nth largest settlement is 1/n the population of the largest settlement.

The largest settlement in a country, if it has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.

A pattern of settlements in a country, such that the largest settlement has more than twice as many people as the second-ranking settlement.

A theory formulated by Walter Christaller in the early 1900s that explains the size and distribution of cities in terms of a competitive supply of goods and services to dispersed populations.

A model that holds that the potential use of a service at a particular location is directly related to the number of people in a location and inversely related to the distance people must travel to reach the service.

When small vendors from all around meet up at a certain location to sell goods sometimes weekly and sometimes annually (Farmers Market)

The downtown or nucleus of a city where retail stores, offices, and cultural activities are concentrated; building densities are usually quite high; and transportation systems converge.

The city grows in rings from the central buisness district out to the suburbs

the theory of urban structure that a city develops in a series of certain sectors, instead of rings.

Model developed for a North American city, shows loss of dominance of CBD, includes shifting of CBD into suburbs.

Model that shows a city that's been taken over by a car based living and has been affected by urban sprawl. It has a rapidly growing suburb, and an increasing number of edge cities. A city that is based on this model is very decentralized, this is again due to urban sprawl.

Combines elements of Latin American Culture and globalization by combining radial sectors and concentric zones. Includes a thriving CBD with a commercial spine. The quality of houses decreases as one moves outward away from the CBD, and the areas of worse housing occurs in the Disamenity sectors.

undesirable land along highways, rail corridors, riverbanks, and other low-lying areas; people usually so poor they are forced to live in the open

Residential developments characterized by extreme poverty that usually exist on land just outside of cities that is neither owned nor rented by its occupants.

Africa has the world's lowest levels of urbanization yet the most fastest growing cities. African cities have a high range of diversity so formulating a model is difficult

headquarters of colonial government

current commercial center of cities

Price a farmer must pay for each acre of land.

housing with a lower population density than the average

Generally between 25 to 60 dwellings per hectare and not usually more than three or four stories in height, e.g. townhouses and terraced housing.

Housing that accommodates a large number of people relative to the land area, for example, high-rise apartments

a large city

Fundamental facilities and systems serving a country, city, or area, as transportation and communication systems, power plants, and schools

growth management, mixed use/urban infill increased presence of nature

development that combines housing and businesses in one area.

legislation and regulations to limit suburban sprawl and preserve farmland

Outlined by a group of architects, urban planners, and developers from over 20 countries, an urban design that calls for development, urban revitalization, and suburban reforms that create allowable neighborhoods with a diversity of housing and jobs.

A ring of land maintained as parks, agriculture, or other types of open space to limit the sprawl of an urban area.

Cities that have a smaller growth rate than the average.

Data that is derived objectively

Information that is expressed in words and is descriptive. It involves judgements or opinions

The illegal practice of denying an individual or group the right to buy or rent a home based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, disability or family status.

The illegal practice of denying an individual or group the right to insurance based on race, color, religion, national origin, sex, disability or family status.

You can engage participants without travel and facility requirements.

Services offered by the government to provide security and protection for citizens and businesses.

zone of a city in which buildings have been abandoned by the landlords

A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area.

unplanned development by many different entities, often as part of urban outgrowth

return a contaminated area to its original state

a property which has the presence or potential to be a hazardous waste, pollutant or contaminant i.e. former: gas stations, dry cleaners