AP Human Agriculture Cards

-Commercial -crops grown and fed to animals (corn #1) -3/4 land crops. 3/4 income from animal products -Chicken, poultry- manure as fertilizer -Crop rotation- 4 harvests per year

soybean, corn (animal feed)

Intensive

-US west of appalachians -Europe from France to Russia -Corn belt (ohio to dakotas)

-Commercial -mainly in MDCs b/c expensive to feed cows. -Transportation increased milkshed -Becoming specialized

milk, cheese, condensed milk, butter

Intensive- lots of work milking cows

-NE USA, SE Canada, NW Europe, Australia, Russia, New Zealand

-Commercial -mainly for consumption by humans -output to manufacturers of food production or commercial grain farms -Easy to store and transport long distance -Most important: wheat -Spring and winter wheat -Heavily mechanized -McCormmick reaper and combine

wheat, corn, oats, barley, rice, millet

Extensive- lots of machinery- reaper from McCormick

-southern prairie provinces of Canada -Dakotas and Montana (breadbasket)* -Ukraine through Russia to Kazakhstan -Argentina and Australia*

-Commercial -grazing of livestock -Generates lower income in the US per area of land -Low operating costs -Meat processing industry (refrigeration)

Steer, sheep

Extensive- not much labor needed- watching animals

-Semi arid/ arid -pampas of Argentina -southern Brazil -Uruguay -Texas -Oklahoma

-Commercial -Transhumance: seasonal migration of livestock

-Fruits, vegetables, cereals on 1/2 the land -2/3 of world's wine and olives

Intensive

-hot, dry summers, cool winters -Mediterranean Sea, California, Chile, SW Africa, SW Australia -by sea, hilly, mountainous

-Commercial -gardening and fruit farming -landscaping -use of migrant workers -"truck farming" (growing crops developed countries want)

fruits and vegetables

Intensive

-Humid subtropical -US Southeast

-Commercial -often owned or operated by Europeans or N. Americans -Specialize in one or two cash crops -import workers

cash crops (tea, coffee, drugs, tobacco)

Extensive (for the white men)

-Tropic/ subtropical -L. America, Africa, Asia, Southern USA

-Subsistence -Slash and burn -plant and leave fallow (3 year rotation) -Field prep by hand -in small villages -Swidden: cleared land

-no grains -corn, manoic, cassava, millet, yams, sugercane, vegetables

extensive- fire does work

-Rainforests (kayapo people of Brazil- concentric rings) -Central and west Africa -SE Asia

-subsistence -areas with low pop density -herding of domesticated animals -gender roles: men herd and women milk and grow crops -nomads have relationship w/ farmers and exchange goods

Animals, milk, skin, hair, camels, sheep, goats

Extensive- just walking

-arid/ semiarid -grassland for animal -Gedouins on Saudi Arabia and North Masai in E Africa -People of Mongolia/ natives in Arctic

-Subsistence -planting rice on dry land in nursery then moving seedlings to flooded field -Population growth pressure causes expansion in form of terracing -warm winters = two harvests per year -most important food source in Asia -Sawah: flooded field

rice

-Asia- flat land, river valleys, deltas

-Subsistence -Crop rotation -Gender roles- women get food -exporting crops to local market makes this commercial

Wheat, barley and other grains

-NE china, Interior India, African countries (sahel region)

-small amount of land with a lot of labor -lots of fertilizer (manure) -can make high yields in good years -permanent changes to environment like canals, terraces, reservoirs, etc are made to get most from land

80% of food grown by women

-mostly for personal consumption -developing countries -usually don't own the land they farm

Intensive