AP HUMAN GEOGRAPHY GRAND REVIEW ANSWERS

Which map is an equal - area projection, preserves direction but distorts areas of land masses relative to each other (areas become large and high latitudes, near the pole)

What map is an example of an attempt to balance projection errors, does not maintain accurate area, shape, distance, or direction, but minimizes errors in each, provides an aesthetically pleasing balance (leading to frequent use by cartographers)

What map is an example of an equal-area projection, which distorts the shape of objects in favor accurately

What map is a planar projection, meaning it is formed when a flat piece of paper is placed on top of the globe and a light source projects the surrounding areas onto the map; usually, the poles are oriented at the center, giving an impression of looking up and down at Earth?

a computer system that stores, organizes, retrieves, analyzes, and displays geographic data

the forms superimposed on the physical environment by the activities of humans

the spread of an idea or innovation from its source

interactions between human societies and the physical environment

a space-based global navigation satellite system

the physical environment, rather than social conditions, determines culture

the small- or large-scale acquisition of information of an object or phenomenon, either in recording or real time

Choose the one that does not belong: a. township and range b. clustered rural settlement c. grid street pattern

Choose the one that does not belong: a. site b. situation c. its relative location

Choose the one that does not belong: a. latitude and longitude b. site c. situation d. absolute location

Choose the one that does not belong: a. globalization b. nationalism c. foreign investment d. multinational corporations

Choose the one that does not belong: a. major airport b. grid street pattern c. major central park d. natural harbor e. public sports facility

Choose the one that does not belong: a. Westernization b. uniform consumption preferences c. enhanced communications d. local traditions

Choose the one that does not belong: a. time zones b. China c. United States railroads d. 15 degrees

Examples of formal region

Examples of functional region

Examples of perceptual/vernacular region

The "why of where" refers to a. geography's emphasis on landscape features. b. spatial patterns on the landscape. c. a definition of geography that is simply locational. d. the idea that the explanation of a spatial pattern is crucial. e. the depiction of a region's physical features.

Which of the following sets of maps would help explain how scale of inquiry affects truth? a. maps showing the area of France before and after surveying b. maps of Hudson Bay drawn by Native Americans and by the earliest European travelers c. maps showing Michigan's population density by counties and the United States population density by state d. maps showing the number of auto thefts per block in Seattle in the decades before and after the Great Depression e. maps of gang graffiti in Philadelphia

(Look at packet) 24. Label each of the following population pyramids as Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4 or Stage 5 of the demographic transition:

(Look at Packet) 25. Label each of the following population pyramids as Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4 or Stage 5 of the demographic transition:

(Look at Packet) 26. Label each of the following population pyramids as Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4 or Stage 5 of the demographic transition:

(Look at Packet) 27. Label each of the following population pyramids as Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4 or Stage 5 of the demographic transition:

(Look at Packet) 28. Label each of the following population pyramids as Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4 or Stage 5 of the demographic transition:

(Look at Packet) 29. Label each of the following population pyramids as Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 3, Stage 4 or Stage 5 of the demographic transition:

(Look at Packet) 30. Label each of the following Detroit, MI; Laredo, TX; Lawrence, KS; Naples, FL; Unalaska, AK; or USA:

(Look at Packet) 31. Label each of the following Detroit, MI; Laredo, TX; Lawrence, KS; Naples, FL; Unalaska, AK; or USA:

(Look at Packet) 32. Label each of the following Detroit, MI; Laredo, TX; Lawrence, KS; Naples, FL; Unalaska, AK; or USA:

(Look at Packet) 33. Label each of the following Detroit, MI; Laredo, TX; Lawrence, KS; Naples, FL; Unalaska, AK; or USA:

(Look at Packet) 34. Label each of the following Detroit, MI; Laredo, TX; Lawrence, KS; Naples, FL; Unalaska, AK; or USA:

(Look at Packet) 35. Label each of the following Detroit, MI; Laredo, TX; Lawrence, KS; Naples, FL; Unalaska, AK; or USA:

the ability of a resource base to sustain its

a population shift from urban to rural areas

the number of working-age people compared to the number of people too old or too young to work

Migration within a state

Migration between states

the difference between in-migration and out-migration

the process by which immigrants from a particular place follow others from that place to another place

flight of talented people away from an area

CBR-CDR per thousand

number of children a woman is likely to have

number of deaths under the age of 2 per thousand

Choose the cause of the other two: a. water b. population c. growth agriculture

Choose the cause of the other two: a. Columbus discovers America b. Crops exchanged between the Western and Eastern hemisphere c. Millions of Native Americans are killed by disease

Choose the cause of the other two: a. One-child policy b. Poverty c. Overpopulation

Choose the cause of the other two: a. Poverty b. Drug trafficking c. Guest workers

Choose the cause of the other two: a. High standard of living b. Large metropolitan population c. Stage 3 of the demographic transition

Choose the effect of the other two: a. Poverty b. War c. Migration

Choose the effect of the other two: a. Racism b. Exclusion of non-white immigrants c. Quota laws from the 1920s to the 1960s

Choose the effect of the other two: a. young age structure b. not married c. high level of migration

Choose the effect of the other two: a. cold weather b. warm coastal waters c. population clusters near the equator and the coast

Choose the effect of the other two: a. increased trade b. rich natural resources c. population cluster on the coast

Is ethnic cleansing a push or fall factor?

Is natural disaster a push or fall factor?

Is available jobs a push or fall factor?

Is war a push or fall factor?

Is chain migration a push or fall factor?

Is overpopulation a push or fall factor?

Two-thirds of the world's population is clustered in four regions. Which of the following is not one of these four regions? a. East Asia b. Southeast Asia c. Sub-Saharan Africa d. Europe e. South Asia

Assuming a world population in 5,700,000,000 and an annual growth rate of 1.6%, how many people will be added to the world's population in the next year? a. 912,000 b. 9,120,000 c. 91,200,000 d. 912,000,000 e. 9,120,000,000

The population of the United States is approximately 300 million, and the land area is approximately 9 million square kilometers. The arithmetic density of the United States is approximately a. 30 square kilometers per person b. 30 persons per square kilometer c. 0.03 square kilometers per person d. 0.03 persons per square kilometer e. 300 persons per square kilometer

Which continent(s) is/are commonly associated with high numbers of refugees in the early twenty-first century? I. Africa II. Asia III. Australia IV. Europe V. North America VI. South America a. I b. II c. I and II d. I, II, IV e. I, II, VI f. III and IV g. IV and V h. IV, V, VI

Buddhism: Mono or polytheistic, ethnic or universalizing, and hearth region

Hinduism: Mono or polytheistic, ethnic or universalizing, and hearth region

Islam: Mono or polytheistic, ethnic or universalizing, and hearth region

Judaism: Mono or polytheistic, ethnic or universalizing, and hearth region

Mormonism: Mono or polytheistic, ethnic or universalizing, and hearth region

Orthodox Christianity: Mono or polytheistic, ethnic or universalizing, and hearth region

Protestantism: Mono or polytheistic, ethnic or universalizing, and hearth region

Roman Catholicism: Mono or polytheistic, ethnic or universalizing, and hearth region

fragmentation of a region into smaller units

a common language

an example of ethnic nationalism

an example of linguistic nationalism

an example of linguistic fragmentation

an example of how religion can influence geography

minority branch of Islam but majority in Iraq and Iran

architectural style that diffused from New England to the Great Lakes

Is uneven development a centripetal force or a centrifugal force?

Is substate nationalism a centripetal force or a centrifugal force?

Is linguistic homogeneity a centripetal force or a centrifugal force?

Is a strong tradition of local governance a centripetal force or a centrifugal force?

Is national symbols a centripetal force or a centrifugal force?

Is compact state a centripetal force or a centrifugal force?

Is fragmented state a centripetal force or a centrifugal force?

Is external threats a centripetal force or a centrifugal force?

Is the Amish a folk culture or popular culture

Is sports a folk culture or popular culture

Is small scale a folk culture or popular culture?

Is large scale a folk culture or popular culture?

Is slow change a folk culture or popular culture?

Is rapid change a folk culture or popular culture?

Is relocation diffusion a folk culture or popular culture?

Is cultural homogeneity a folk culture or popular culture?

Is traditional diet a folk culture or popular culture?

Is McDonalds a folk culture or popular culture?

Is blue jeans a folk culture or popular culture?

Is modern communication a folk culture or popular culture?

All of the following twentieth-century migration streams were propelled by persecution or open conflict EXPECT a. Asians leaving Uganda b. Kosovars leaving Yugoslavia c. Tutsis leaving Rwanda d. Hindus leaving Pakistan e. Mexicans leaving Mexico

If four languages have similar words for numbers and the names of fish, but different names for certain diseases, what might be concluded about the time at which the disease first diffused? a. The disease spread among a population that later divided and evolved into four different languages. b. The population divided and evolved into the four different languages, and then the disease spread. c. The disease spread to two different populations and later divided into different languages. d. The disease and language spread to four different regions at the same time at the same rate. e. No conclusion is possible.

Which of the following correctly sequences the continuum from language family to dialect? a. Afro-Asiatic, Semitic, Arabic, Berber b. Sino-Tibetan, Sinitic, Mandarin, Chinese c. Indo-European, Indo-Iraman, Hindi, Bengali d. Indo-European, Baltic-Slavic, Russian, Ukrainian e. Indo-European, Germanic, English, Midland-Northern

Contact zones between religions are most likely to be volatile when they are a. inhabited by two major groups with divergent religious beliefs b. Made up of three of more religious groups c. Characterized by considerable interaction between religious groups d. Also language contact zones e. Associated with competing ethnonational claims to territory

________________is to Canada as__________________is to the United States. a. French; English b. French; Spanish c. presidential government; parliamentary government d. conflict over ethnicity; conflict over language e. northern hemisphere; southern hemisphere

Mexico is I. the largest number of legal immigrants to the United States II. the largest number of illegal immigrants to the United States III. a member of NAFTA IV. a member of the OAS V. predominantly Catholic a. II, V b. I, III, V c. II, III, V d. I, IV, V e. II, IV, V f. I, II, II, IV g. I, II, III, V h. I, II, III, IV, V

Which of the following aspects of diffusion of Western culture threaten non-Western ways of life? I. loss of traditional values II. subjugation of women III. Western control of media IV. alteration of traditional landscapes V. pollution a. I and II b. I and III c. I, II, IV d. I, III, IV, V e. I, II, III, IV, V

Put the following in order from largest to the smallest: census tract, county, municipality, nation-state, province, empire

G___________________, g______________________, g______________________

Nation state example

Multi-nation state example

Multi-state nation example

Compact state example

Elongated state example

Prorupted state example

Perforated state example

Fragmented state example

Landlocked state example

Match the following with Brazil a. was a hearth b. was a colony c. is a sovereign state d. has a forward capital

Match the following with China a. was a hearth b. was a colony c. is a sovereign state d. has a forward capital

Match the following with Mesopotamia a. was a hearth b. was a colony c. is a sovereign state d. has a forward capital

Match the following with Taiwan a. was a hearth b. was a colony c. is a sovereign state d. has a forward capital

Match the following with unitary state a. Canada b. France c. Germany d. Mexico e. Switzerland f. USA

Match the following with federal state a. Canada b. France c. Germany d. Mexico e. Switzerland f. USA

Match the following with confederal state a. Canada b. France c. Germany d. Mexico e. Switzerland f. USA

Match the following with devolution a. Canada b. France c. Germany d. Mexico e. Switzerland f. USA

Place the following colonial powers under the appropriate headings: Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal Africa, 1850

Place the following colonial powers under the appropriate headings: Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal Africa, 1900

Place the following colonial powers under the appropriate headings: Belgium, Britain, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Portugal Africa, 1950

Model that demonstrates the transfer of resources from less developed to more developed areas

the fringe of a state

land beyond a border

the node of a state

an area the retains a distinction from a larger area

Manipulating boundaries for political gain

an area rather than a line

Mountain: physical or cultural and example

Language: physical or cultural and example

Religion: physical or cultural and example

River: physical or cultural and example

Geometric: physical or cultural and example

The Green Line: physical or cultural and example

The European Union, the Arab League, and the United Nations are all examples of a. pressure groups b. nation-states c. centrifugal organizations d. supranational organizations e. federations

Which of the following has fostered the most significant economic growth by eliminating import tariffs between member states? a. European Union (EU) b. Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) c. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) d. Association of Caribbean States (ACS) e. United Nations (UN)

The provisions of the United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea give coastal countries navigational and economic sovereignty over which of the following zones? a. twelve-nautical-mile territorial sea zone and part of the Arctic Circle b. export processing zone (EPZ) c. 200-nautical-mile exclusive economic zone d. empowerment zone e. continental shelf

An increasing number of states have adopted a federal form of government primarily to a. grant different ethnicities or nationalities more effective representation. b. encourage the breakup of the superpower alliances. c. govern compact states more effectively. d. deploy scarce resources efficiently. e. meet all of the above needs.

Terracing, Mediterranean agriculture, pastoralism

Terracing, shifting agriculture

Arid climate, irrigation, little pork production, pastoralism

Wheat, little pork production, pastoralism

Factory farms, large pork production

wheat, Mediterranean agriculture

Maize, irrigation

Choose the one that does not belong: a. increases in amount of land under cultivation b. increases in the agricultural workforce c. increases in the use of energy and technology

Choose the one that does not belong: a. plantation farming b. hunting and gathering c. subsistence farming

Choose the one that does not belong: a. efficient transportation b. regionalized cuisine c. corporately controlled farms

Choose the one that does not belong: a. factory farms b. genetic engineering c. high food prices d. Green Revolution

Choose the one that does not belong: a. California b. Mediterranean agriculture c. "happy cows" d. sharecropping e. wheat

Choose the one that does not belong: a. soy beans b. coffee c. wheat d. corn e. rice

Choose the one that does not belong: a. beef b. railroad c. Milwaukee, 1990

Choose the one that does not belong: a. hunting and gathering b. It is limited to tropical areas c. gender-based division of labor d. Stage 1 of the demographic transition

Choose the one that does not belong: a. Great Plains Native Americans-buffalo b. Eskimos-snow c. Hawaiians-wigwams d. Wisconsin settlers-log cabins e. Great Plain settlers-sod and thatch

Choose the one that does not belong: a. shifting agriculture b. tropical climate c. global warming d. depletion of soil e. commercial agriculture

Choose the one that does not belong: a. sustainable agriculture b. limited use of chemicals c. integration of crops and livestock d. use of pesticide resistant seed e. organic farms

Choose the one that does not belong: a. nomads b. pastoralism c. hunting and gathering d. subsistence agriculture e. shifting agriculture f. terracing

What is a milkshed and why is it important?

Isolated farmsteads in the United States evolved as a result of all of the following EXPECT a. political stability b. colonization by individual pioneer families c. agricultural private enterprise d. government land policy e. physical barriers preventing communal farm practices

Grain raised in the United States is used today primarily as a. human food b. a source of fuel c. livestock feed d. an export to foreign countries e. raw material for various industries

With respect to the relationship between culture, religion, and the physical environment a. few religions derive meaningful events from the physical environment b. religious ideas may be responsible for some of the changes people make in the physical environment c. religion is no longer an important source of identification for a distinct cultural group d. all religions appeal primarily to people living in their land of origin e. All of the above are true

A common difference(s) between farms in an LDC (like Pakistan) vs. farms in an MDC (like the United States) that grow the same crop is A) the amount of crop produced in a year B) the importance of the crop to the farmer C) the income derived from crops D) A and B E) A and C

Is soft-drink bottling bulk-reducing, bulk-gaining, footloose, or just-in-time?

Is brewing bulk-reducing, bulk-gaining, footloose, or just-in-time?

Is nickel smelting bulk-reducing, bulk-gaining, footloose, or just-in-time?

Is baking bulk-reducing, bulk-gaining, footloose, or just-in-time?

Is automobile assembly bulk-reducing, bulk-gaining, footloose, or just-in-time?

Is autoparts manufacturing bulk-reducing, bulk-gaining, footloose, or just-in-time?

Is electronics manufacturing bulk-reducing, bulk-gaining, footloose, or just-in-time?

Is call centers bulk-reducing, bulk-gaining, footloose, or just-in-time?

Primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary economic activity: extract natural resources from the environment

Primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary economic activity: transform raw materials into finished products

Primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary economic activity: involve the collection, processing, and manipulation of information

Primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary economic activity: involve the exchange of goods and the provision of services

Primary, secondary, tertiary, or quaternary economic activity: involve the production of fresh produce for urban markets

Indicate the country or countries: NAFTA

Indicate the country or countries: highest consumption of fossil fuels per capita

Indicate the country or countries: the Four Asian Tigers

Indicate the country or countries: maquiladoras

Indicate the country or countries: Atlantic-Pacific canal

high terminal cost, high line cost, high route flexibility

high terminal cost, low line cost, high route flexibility

high terminal cost, low line cost, low route flexibility

low terminal cost, high line cost, high route flexibility

Rostow's Model Stage 1:

Rostow's Model Stage 2:

Rostow's Model Stage 3:

Rostow's Model Stage 4:

Rostow's Model Stage 5:

Assume a Stage 5 country and indicate if each of the following would be high or low: standard of living

Assume a Stage 5 country and indicate if each of the following would be high or low: CBR

Assume a Stage 5 country and indicate if each of the following would be high or low: CDR

Assume a Stage 5 country and indicate if each of the following would be high or low: NIR

Assume a Stage 5 country and indicate if each of the following would be high or low: life expectancy

Assume a Stage 5 country and indicate if each of the following would be high or low: literacy

Assume a Stage 5 country and indicate if each of the following would be high or low: GDP

Assume a Stage 5 country and indicate if each of the following would be high or low: GEM

Assume a Stage 5 country and indicate if each of the following would be high or low: pollution

Assume a Stage 5 country and indicate if each of the following would be high or low: job in the informal sector

banking, finance, insurance

deforestation

desertification

ecotourism

ozone depletion

smog

Which of the following arguments help explain why seventy-five percent of those employed in Export Processing Zones, such as maquiladoras, are women? I. Women have better educational qualifications than men II. Women are paid less than men III. Many employers consider women to be more dexterous than men IV. Many employers consider women more likely to organize unions than men a. I and III only b. II and III only c. II and IV only d. I, II, and III only e. 1, II, III, and IV

Which of the following has contributed most to the deindustrialization of regions like the English Midlands and the North American Manufacturing Belt? a. the increased percentage of women in the labor force b. competition from foreign imports c. environmental legislation d. the formation of free trade associations e. the decline of labor unions

In recent decades, all of the following have played a major role in the rapid growth of Sun Belt cities of the United States EXCEPT a. immigration from Latin America b. high levels of per capita federal spending in the South and West c. cheap land and labor d. climatic changes leading to colder northern winters e. the increasing demand for retirement and resort centers

United Nations recognition of a state's "exclusive economic zone" allows the state to a. establish economic free trade zones within the sovereign territory of other states b. claim national economic jurisdiction over 200 nautical miles of water extending from its coast c. limit importation of competitive goods and services from other countries d. protect domestic production by imposing tariffs on all foreign-made products e. form limited economic alliances with other countries

Contemporary manufacturing is characterized by a. production facilities that are generally located as close as possible to the sites of raw material production b. strong unions and localized involvement in all facets of the production process c. spatial disaggregation of the production process d. reliance on highly skilled labor at all phases of the production process e. production facilities located close to railroads

Rank-size rule or primate city rule: Canada

Rank-size rule or primate city rule: France

Rank-size rule or primate city rule: Germany

Rank-size rule or primate city rule: India

Rank-size rule or primate city rule: South Korea

Rank-size rule or primate city rule: United States

Choose the one that does not belong: a. megalopolis b. core area c. Boston to Washington, D.C. d. Los Angeles to San Diego

Choose the one that does not belong: a. Brookfield Square b. edge city c. gentrification d. suburban sprawl e. white flight

Choose the one that does not belong: a. agglomeration b. business park c. decentralization d. edge cities

Choose the one that does not belong: a. blockbusting and racial steering b. redlining by financial institutions c. concentration of public housing d. fixed school district boundaries e. Economic Enterprise Zones

Choose the one that does not belong: a. France b. Mesopotamia c. Mexico d. North China e. the Indus Valley

Choose the one that does not belong: a. world cities b. Chicago c. Mumbai d. Tokyo

Choose the one that does not belong: a. 500 B.C.-defensive sites b. A.D. 1700-water power c. A.D. 1800-railroad junctions d. pre-1950-navigable waterways e. post-1950-highways

Choose the one that does not belong: a. urban b. Africa c. Asia d. South America

Place the following in order from least recent to most recent: "big box" superstore, downtown, business district, shopping mall, Internet

export primarily to consumers outside the settlement

sell to people within the settlement

Basic industries minus non-basic industries

related to talent

Related to the level of services provided

center of Latin American cities

provided to people by government

downtown

the presence of which greatly diminishes the attractiveness of site farther away

Illegal occupation of a residential district

Which of the following environmental issues is of most immediate concern to policy-makers in New England? a. overharvesting of breeding stock by commercial fishers b. oil-spill liability c. desertification by overgrazing of cattle d. intensification of urban heat islands e. generation of electric power by wind

Which of the following was NOT a reason for rapid suburbanization in the United States after the Second World War? a. mass production of the automobile b. reduction in long-distance commuting c. expansion of home construction d. expansion of the interstate highway system e. availability of low down payment terms and long-term mortgages

According to the rank-size rule, if the largest city in a country has a population of 10 million, the next largest city will have a population of...? a. 9 million b. 8 million c. 7.5 million d. 5 million e. 3.5 million

Today, most of the United States and Canadian Population lives in which of the following? a. farming areas b. rural non-farming areas c. central cities d. metropolitan e. small towns

Public transit is more extensive in Western European cities than in the United States primarily because a. Europeans cannot afford cars b. European governments subsidize public transit c. density is lower d. the central city contains fewer high-rises e. suburbs are built at subway terminals

The attraction of the call center industry to locate in India can best be explained by a. low wages and wide use of English b. low wages and geographic situational factors c. wide use of English and the large number of working students d. Indian students' ability to work at night and geographic situational factors e. None of the above

Historically, the growth of North American suburbs was most constrained by a. high land values b. zoning ordinances c. limited transportation d. housing shortages e. cultural preferences

In Latin America, data for employment in many large urban areas are most likely to be incomplete because...? a. employment is growing too rapidly. b. most people are unemployed. c. people change jobs regularly. d. records are kept mainly for male workers. e. many people work in the informal sector.

Spreading parts production and fabrication among many countries and communities a. increases proximity to markets b. increases large corporations bargaining power with local governments and labor c. decreases the unequal distribution of industry d. leaves unmet consumer demand e. reduces transportation distances

Concentric Zone Model

Hoyt Sector Model

Multiple Nuclei Model

Von Thunen Model

Christaller Central Place Theory

Hierarchical Diffusion