AP Human Geography Vocabulary List 3

The cultivation of aquatic organisms especially for food. -Allowed us to use the sea and its abundant sources of food for our benefit.

Degradation of land, especially in semiarid areas, primarily because of human actions like excessive crop planting, animal grazing, and tree cutting. Example: Slash and Burn promotes desertification Application: Desertification destroys soil and ultimately makes it useless for years (until the nutrients are replenished)

Rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizers. Example: Modern agricultural techniques spread in the '70s and '80s is known as the Green revolution. Chemically engineered crops=Example. Application:This revolution gave birth to what we now see as commercial farming.

A form of subsistence agriculture in which farmers must expend a relatively large amount of effort to produce the maximum feasible yield from a parcel of land. Example: Families in LDCs must undergo intensive subsistence agricultural practices in order to provide for themselves. Application: These aforementioned families/farmers have significant impact(or lack there of) on then economy due to their self-sustainability.

Agriculture designed primarily to provide food for direct consumption by the farmer and the farmer's family Example: Family in LDC Application: This family uses subsistence farming which allows them to be self sustaining(for the most part)

System of planting crops on ridge tops, in order to reduce farm production costs and promote greater soil conservation. Example: Application: This system is good because it does not promote the desertification of soil.

A form of subsistence agriculture in which people shift activity from one field to another; each field is used for crops for relatively few years and left fallow for a relatively long period. Example: Field Rotation Application:Shifting Cultivation is so important because it keeps the soil full of nutrients.

Another name for shifting cultivation, so named because fields are cleared by slashing the vegetation and burning the debris. Example: RUINS SOIL-VERY BAD Application: Burn crops , and then remove ash from the area.

Farming methods that preserve long-term productivity of land and minimize pollution, typically by rotating soil- restoring crops with cash crops and reducing in-puts of fertilizer and pesticides. Example: Crop Rotation Application: This sustainable agriculture will keep our soil alive.

A patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning.

The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures. Example: Commonly seen in the UK Application: Sheep are typically seen migrating between mountains and pastures based off of where the food is.

Commercial gardening and fruit farming, so named because truck was a Middle English word meaning bartering or the exchange of commodities. Example: Crops may now be transported a lot further than previously done. Application: Truck farming offers and entirely new agricultural market.

dietary energy consumption that is continuously below the minimum requirement for maintaining a health life and carrying out light physical activity

Rice planted on dry land in a nursery, then moved to a deliberately flooded field to promote growth. Example: Seen primarily in the East Application: Wet rice is a large industry in Asia resulting in a lot of economic growth due to exportation.

A wheat crop that is planted in the autumn and develops a strong root system before growth stops for the winter. Harvested in the summer. Example: Winter wheat offers another season for the growth of wheat. Application: Winter Wheat is primarily seen Kansas, Colorado, and Oklahoma.

A machine that cuts grain standing in the field. Example: A reaper is used to help stimulate the farm's efficiency Application: Allows grain to be harvested much faster and more efficiently than by hand.

Definition: To remove chaff by allowing it to be blown away by the wind. Example: Winnowing can be seen in fields? Application: Allows the grain to be separated from the chaff

Monocropping is the agricultural practice of growing a single crop year after year on the same land, in the absence of rotation through other crops or growing multiple crops on the same land (polyculture). Example: Corn, soybeans, and wheat are three common crops often grown using monocropping techniques.

The practice of planting taller, stronger crops to shelter lower, more fragile ones from tropical downpours Example: This mimics the natural structure of the rainforest.