AP Human Geography Unit 5 Notecards

characteristic of farmers or their way of life

highly mechanized, large-scale farming, usually under corporate ownership

the cultivation of domesticated crops and the raising of domesticated animals

the cultivation of aquatic organisms (as fish or shellfish) especially for food

any technological application that uses biological systems, living organisms, or derivatives there of, to make or modify products or processes for specific use

survey system that determines the value extent, and ownership of land for purposes of taxation

maize, wheat, and rice are the most produced gains worldwide

regards a system of agricultural organization where as farms laborers are not compensated via wages. rather, the workers receive a share of the farm's net productivity

used to describe large scale farming and racnhing operations that employ vast land bases, large mechanized equipment, factory-type labor forces, and the latest technology

a sequential process used by firms to gather resources, transform them into goods or commodities and finially distribute them to customers

expenditure of much labor and capital on a piece of land to increase its productivity

use of little labor and capital to increase agricultural productivity

the practice of rotating the use of different fields from crop to crop each year, to avoid exausting the soil

an animal husbandry enterprise, raising female cattle, goats, or certain other lactating livestock for long-term production of milk which may be either processed onsite or transported to a dairy for processing and eventually retail sale

an agreement between a developing nation in debt and one or more of its creditors. Creditors agree to forgive debts in return for environmental protection

a part of the world where plant or animal domestication occurs on a large scale

a second crop is planted after the first has been harvested

the types of jobs that are necessary to have in the world

(extractive sector) concerned with the direct extraction of natural resources from the environment

(manufacturing sector) processing of products and assembling raw minerals

(service sector) provides us with transportation, communication, and utillities

concerned with the collection, processing, and manipulation of data and capitol

require a high level of specialized knowledge or technical skill

changes made to the environment

increased use of fertilizers with nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium

any substance or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling, or migrating any pest

type of pesticide used to kill unwanted plants

any substance, such as manure, or a mixture of nitrates, added to soil or water to increase its productivity

the washing away of soil by the flow of water

cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which forest vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning

cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which forest vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning

cultivation of crops in tropical forest clearings in which forest vegetation has been removed by cutting and burning

a patch of land cleared for planting through slashing and burning

the continual movement of livestock in search of forage for animals

the continual movement of livestock in search of forage for animals

industries involved in the activities of: prospecting and exploring for a nonrenewable resource, getting them, further exploring them, developing them, or extracting them from the earth

a factory-like farm devoted to either livestock fattening or dairying

dating back 10,000 years, it achieved plant domestication and animal domestication

the activity of hunting for fish by hooking, trapping, or gathering animals not classifiable as insects which breathe in water or pass their lives in water

the feeding relationships between species

the art, science, and practice of studing and managing forests and plantations and related natural resources

organisms whose genes have been modified to increase things such as control over it, predictability, and efficiency

diffusion of agriculture across the globe

rapid diffusion of new agricultural technology, especially new high-yield seeds and fertilizer

the art or science of cultivation fruits, vegetables, flowers. or ornamental plants

the manual clearing of rows in the field though the use of hoes, rakes, and other manual equipment

a commercial type of agriculture that produces fattened cattle and hogs for meat

specialized crops not typically not essential to human survival

the relatively small-scale production of fruits, vegtables, and flowers as cash crops, frequently sold directly to consumers and restaurants

accounts for virtually all olive oil produced worldwide, 60% of wine production, 45% of grape production, 25% of dried nuts, 20% of citrus production, and about 12% of total cereal production

a region producing milk for a specific community

are hydrocarbons, primarily coal, fuel oil, or natural gas formed from the remains of dead plants and animals

producing or growing one crop over a wide area

approach to farming and raching that avoids the use of herbicides, pesticides, growth hormones, and other similar synthetic inputs

a small flooded field enclosed by mud dikes

land covered with grass or herbage and grazed by or suitable for grazing livestock

economic system in which a single agency makes all decisions about the production and allocation of goods and services

a system of mnoculture for producing export crops requiring relatively large amounts of land and capitol

system in which the eldest son in a large family (or daughter if necessary) inherits all of the dying parent's land

a machine for cutting standing grain

can be replaced without a long wait time

a resource that must be depleted to be used

contemporary and traditional cropping system in which plants grow on a hill or a band

sparsely settled places away from the influence of large cities

a type of settlement from where people live relatively distant from each other

a relatively dense settlement form

wood, brick, stone, wattle, grass, and bush

linear- tightly packed, need land for farming cluster- may have began as a hamlet, then further developed round- keep animals inside, houses surrounding them walled- farm villages fortified for protection grid- easy to get around in, modern

a wet rice field

included improved methods of cultivation, harvesting, and storage of farm produce

where individuals become experts in producing certain goods or services that are then exchanged

wheat planted in the spring

wheat planted in the fall, harvested in spring

self-sufficient agriculture that is smallscale and low technology and emphasizes food production for local consumption, not trade

use of little labor and capital to increase agricultural productivity

expenditure of much labor and capitol to increase agricultural productivity

an american commercial grain agriculture, a farm on which no one lives

patterns used to survey the land on Earth

houses erected on narrow lots perpendicular to a long river, so that each original settler had equal river access

uses physical features of the local geography, along with directions and distances to define the bounaries of a perpendicular piece of land

land is divided into six-mile square blocks (township), which is then divided into one-mile square blocks (range), which are also further divided

ecological yield that can be extracted without reducing the base of the capital itself, the surplus required to maintain nature's services at the same time, or increasing level over time

mechanization, chemical farming, and food manufacturing

class of social trap that involve a conflict over resources between individual interests and the common good

a seasonal periodic movement of pastorialists and their livestock between highland and lowland pastures

commercial gardening and fruit farming so named because the word was a middle English word meaning bartering of the exchange of commodities

an organization of interwoven plant materials used as a fence, preventing sedimentation by runoff and erosion

rice grown on arable, wet paddy fields

a device that separates grain from the chaff (from the plant)