Which discipline defines itself as "the systematic study of human society"?
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reject the familiar idea that people simple decide how to act in favor of the initially strange idea that society shapes lives
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By stating that the sociological perspective show us "the strange in the familiar," the text argues that sociologists ____
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Emile Durkheim
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The pioneering sociologist who studied patterns of suicide in Europe was _______
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higher in rural areas
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Because there is more social isolation in rural areas of the United States than in urban areas, we would expect suicide rates to be _____
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during times of social crisis
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Following the thinking of C. Wright Mills, we would expect the sociological imagination to be more widespread in a population ______
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personal problems into public issues
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C. Wright Mills claimed that the "sociological imagination" transformed
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increasing our understanding of both of our own lives and the lives of others.
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Understanding the differences between countries encourages _____
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more serious in poorer countries
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Social problems in the United States, such as poverty and gender inequality, are _____
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end up with a greater understanding of both a new way of life and her own way of life.
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Sarah is spending a summer living in another country where people have a way of life that differs from her own. A sociologist might expect that this experience would lead her to _____
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challenging many commonly-held beliefs
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Making use of the sociological perspective encourages ____
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assess the opportunities and constraints in our lives.
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Leaning more sociology can help you _____
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A police officer understands which categories of people are at high risk of becoming victims of crimes
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Which of the following statements best illustrates the career advantage a person gains by studying sociology?
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the rise of the industrial economy and growth of cities
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Among the historical changes that stimulated the development of sociology as a discipline was ____?
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Auguste Comte
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The term "sociology" was coined in 1838 by ______
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how society actually operates
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Sociology differs from the older discipline of philosophy by focusing on ____
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to discover how society actually operates
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The major goal of sociology's pioneers, including Auguste Comte and Emile Durkheim, was
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Theological stage
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The ancient Romans saw the stars as being gods. Auguste Comte would classify Roman society as being in which of the following stages of history?
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positivism
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______ is a way of understanding the world based on science.
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human behavior may be patterned, but it is also spontaneous
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Sociologists cannot identify "laws of society" that allow us to precisely predict the behavior of an individual because _____
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theory
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A statement that explains how and why specific facts are related is called a(n) ______
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gather data or facts
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To evaluate a theory using evidence, sociologists _____
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one or more theoretical approaches
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In deciding what kinds of questions to ask in their research, sociologists are guided by _____
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structural-functional approach
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The theoretical approach in sociology that assumes society is a complex system whose parts work together to promote solidarity and stability is the ____
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Social structure
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Which concept is used to describe relatively stable patterns of social behavior?
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the human body.
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Herbert Spencer described human society as a complex system having much in common with _____
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manifest functions.
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The recognized and intended consequences of a social pattern referred to as ______
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latent functions
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Unrecognized and unintended consequences of a social pattern are called _____
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keeping young people out of a tight labor force, which may not have jobs for them.
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An example of a latent function of college is _____.
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Social dysfunctions
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Social structures sometimes have negative consequences for the operation of society as a whole. Which of the following concepts refers to these negative consequences?
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may not be functional for people in another category.
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Robert Merton explained that what is functional for people in one category of a society's population _____
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ignores inequality that can generate tension and conflict
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An accurate criticism of the structural-functional approach is that it ________
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social-conflict approach
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The "framework for building theory that sees society as an arena of inequality that generates conflict and change" is the _______
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our society provides some students with far better schooling than others
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Looking at the operation of U.S. schools guided by the social-conflict approach might lead a sociologist to conclude that _____
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Karl Marx
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______ had an important influence on the development of the social-conflict approach.
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Harriet Martineau
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Who helped launch the discipline of sociology by studying the evils of slavery and also by translating the writings of Auguste Comte?
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W. E. B. Du Bois
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Which early sociologist received the first doctorate ever awarded by Harvard University to a person of color?
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structural-functional and social-conflict
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The _____ approaches are macro-level, describing societies in broad, structural terms.
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the product of people interacting in countless everyday situations.
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The basic idea of the symbolic-interaction approach is that society is ______
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Max Weber
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one of the founding sociologists, urged sociologists to understand a social setting from the point of view of the people in it.
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people typically seek mates who off as much as they do.
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A social-exchange analysis states that ____
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says little about the influence of structural factors such as culture, class, gender, and race.
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A criticism of the symbolic-interaction approach is that it ______
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providing recreation and physical conditioning.
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A manifest function of sports is ______
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latent functions
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Building social relationships and creating tens of thousands of jobs are two of the _____ of sports.
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the positions typically played by white and black players.
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Racial discrimination in professional sports is evident today in _____
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less a system than an ongoing process of interaction.
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Using the symbolic-interaction approach, sports becomes ______
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a stereotype
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A simplified description unfairly applied to every person in the same category is called _____
