Sociology FINAL

Which Sociological figure defines religion as the way societies distinguish between the sacred and the profane?

How is a sociologist most likely to define religion?

Who coined the term "paganism"?

From a Durkheimian perspective, the primary social function of the religious social institution is the promotion of?

Who said that "religion is the opiate of the masses"?

The fastest growing religion in the United States is?

Nailah is writing a research paper on the concept of religion as a social institution. She is interviewing religious leaders from a wide variety of faiths. what kinds of questions should she ask the leaders to help her address the topic?

Why is it often difficult to distinguish between a purely religious conflict and a conflict mired in ethnic or class issues?

Of the following, what is the most popular denomination in America today?

Dahlia lives in Texas with her family. Every Sunday they attend church with thousands of other people, which of the following concepts best describes this religious practice?

Why do sociologists claim that "Sunday is the most segregated day of the week" in the United States?

Ancient Greek and roman mythology would be categorized as what type of religion?

What do sociologists mean when they refer to the hidden curriculum of schools?

Besides learning skills and knowledge, schools serve three other major purpose, what are they?

Research on contemporary college and university students in the United States shows they study _____ students in the past.

The United States ______ the world in the amount of education its citizens receive.

What does human capital theory suggest about education?

What does allocation theory suggest about education?

Which of the following statements about less educated workers is true?

People with more education tend to live longer. this is true of?

_____ refers to the practice of marrying individuals whose educational levels are similar to one's own.

How has the relationship between education and marriage changed in recent decades?

Stephen and Andrea are a middle-class couple raising two children. the children are enrolled in music lesson, soccer, and take part in community service. this childrearing style is best described as ____.

The disparity in educational achievement between whites and asian Americans, who tend to fare better, on average, than African American, latino, and Native American students ______.

In a sociological context, SES is an abbreviation for?

The gender gap in education favors girls over boys with respect to?

What do the results of the program for international student assessment (PISA) reveal about students in the US?

Who is more likely to be home-schooled?

Tracking is?

Where is tracking a particularly widespread practice?

Differences in achievement test scores can be explained, in part, by the differences in the course that students take, especially in which three subjects?

Why does tracking persist, even though it clearly segregates students by social class and ethnicity?

Prosperous and white children are ______ as likely as poor or minority children to attend private school.

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the long-lasting effects of the hidden curriculum in schools?

A group of teachers and administrators are meeting to discuss effective alternatives, or modifications, to tracking. Their goal is to provide an equitable learning and achievement environment for all students. which proposal has the greatest chance of fulfilling their goal?

In most of the western and Eastern Europe, Canada, and the US, students attend ____ schools.

Sociologists discovered which of the following was true among the urban elementary schools response to the Texas accountability system and student success initiative?

_____ is the idea that competition for desirable and important positions should go to those with the best qualifications regardless of their family background

The Morrill act, passed in 1862 by the federal government, provided each state with resources to build ____

In 1848, Horace Mann called education _____

The value of degrees that previously secured a job are in decline such that students must overcome a variety of academic hurdles in order to be competitive for a position; this is known as?

Why are corporations rarely agents of change in values or social arrangements?

What purpose does a social movement serve in a civil society, especially in light of its leadership?

Social movements are similar to ____ because they express feelings and thoughts that have not been formalized into language by journalists, lawmakers, and the like.

Throughout US history, social movements have focused on bringing about more _____.

During the 1960's and after, not all social movements were about civil rights or antiwar. these movements were uniquely concerned with ____.

Which of the following is most likely to represent a movement that seeks to change a human emotional response or redirect empathy?

Kareem's sociology professor compared society's current debate over gay marriage with the struggle faced decades ago by interracial couples. The civil rights movement awakened many Americans to injustices endured by African American citizens. Kareem's class learned that broad shifts in people's sensibilities over long periods of time enable them to gain new perspectives on long-held ideologies. In this scenario, what kind of approach did Kareem's professor use to explain the emergence of the movement to extend the rights and benefits of marriage to same-sex couples?

A theoretical perspective called _____ emphasizes the importance of resources, like labor and money, for generating and sustaining social movements.

Another aspect of more formalized movements, especially when the society becomes ____, is the formation of ____.

The civil rights movement benefited from what kind of SMO for support and organization, especially in the south?

_____ are webs of connections that link individuals and organizations to one another for communication and other exchanges.

Following the stonewall riots of June 1969, a gay and lesbian liberation movement developed that relied on _____ to organize a militant response and quickly spread to other cities.

How do researchers who study social movements explain why some social movements are linked to one another?

There are at least _____ requirements that groups need for a strong revolutionary movement to take place

According to Charles Kurzman (1996), what perception motivated Iranian protesters who toppled the shah's regime in the late 1970's?

When studying the motivations of a protest movement, why is it necessary to consider what the protestors think and feel?

Research suggests that _____ of committed antiabortion activists had ambiguous views about abortion or even considering themselves "pro-choice' when they initially joined the movement; it was only after they spent some times in the movement, interacting with long term activists that they came to emphatically oppose abortion.

Early theorists in the nineteenth century more often studied protesters in crowds as ____.

Alicia and her friends, all busy working mothers in their 30's, want to organize a protest against the lack of affordable childcare in the US. They designed a website outlining their cause and posted announcements on facebook indicating where protesters were to assemble. Alicia was surprised when the turnout at the protest site was less than she thought. what missing factor might explain the group's failure to recruit participants?

Which of the following conditions is more conductive to recruiting supporters?

The arab spring and the occupy Wall Street movements were the first to use ____ effectively to recruit and mobilize protest.

According to mcAdam (1982), a movement that inspires ____ can achieve what is called "cognitive liberation"

A _____ is special term that describes a person's belief that he or she belongs to a certain group with distinctive characteristics and interests, such as a pro-choice group, the tea party, the working class, etc..

People who lived during the Great Depression would not have imagined such an annual event as earth day. They could not afford the kind of lives that allow for the ____ that developed after World War II.

When vegans carry signs that read "meat is murder" or when antiabortion marchers hand out literature illustrated with gruesome photographs, they are engaged in ___ to attract new members and like-minded sympathizers

Depending on the business and activities of their opponents- a business, the military, and so on- protesters try to change _______ through persuasion, intimidation, and imposing costs (financial or otherwise) upon them.

One way to undermine the credibility of an opponent is ______

Movements and revolutions have many goals to balance in their tactics. what name did the sociologist Charles Tilly give to the limitations (and resources) that leaders face in regard to this complexity?

According to the great community organizer Saul alinsky, which of the following tactics is an effective one for a movement leader to utilize?

Because many social movements encounter official and unofficial opposition, ______ are what some theorists describe as places relatively free from surveillance where oppositional ideas and tactics can develop and spread.

The reason that the leadership of revolutionary movements utilize violence and people willing to 'kill' for the movement is predicated on?

Researchers suggest that nonviolent movements may be twice as likely to succeed as violent ones, even against repressive regimes. what is their reason?

Why is the chess analogy (describing the tactical choices of those involved in a movement) useful in understanding how a social movement operates?

For a movement that has suffered setbacks because of its historical successes, _____ is a perfect example

Which of the following organizations do sociologists recognize as having become institutionalized?

According to Gamson, who was largely responsible for "queer activism'?

Which of the following do you think would be a means of legal repression that affects the development of the unions in the US?

Why are sociologists today less likely to utilize the value judgements of 'success' and 'failure' when assessing a movements effect on society?

Although a local pacifist movement has been successful in gaining acknowledgment as a bona fide representative of its ideology, members have yet to see any fo their proposed policy or legislative initiatives enacted. In measuring what this movement has and has not achieved, analysts would likely focus on the movements failure to attain ______ in characterizing its lack of success

Given the historical victories of the pro-choice movement, why can success be a setback over the long term?

Which of the following is true about social movements and the course of history?

One of the broader impacts of a movement, one that covers both adherents and opponents, is that movements _______

Which of the following can be feature of a social revolution?

The extent of violence in revolutions is _____

Rafia lives in a small country where repeated attempts to depose oppressive regimes through protest movements and rebellions have been made. Observers are likely to concur that Rafia's country is now in a __________, because two political factions are declaring themselves to be his country's legitimate rulers.

Why are elections seen as the 'democratic translation of the class struggle'?

A local animal rights organization engages a public relations expert to learn effective ways to get its message out to the general public and other useful strategies to motivate potential recruits. the organizations settles on a series of different messages to get the public to share its animal rights orientation. In this scenario, _____ is being used to boost recruitment and participation.

We usually call political vorldveiws such as socialism _______

How is communism most like a religion?

According to the sociological definition of civil religion the American flag would be considered _________.

_________, who considered themselves as christian, have crucial additional beliefs that make them distant from other Christian faiths

The Chinese's have long exhibited an approach to religion that _________.

_________ is the combination of different forms of beliefs and practices

The spread of the big five religions came about mostly though ________

_________ ascribe human characteriest to animals, plants, and inanimate objects, such as rocks and mountains

A religious ________ is an organized group with at least a few different doctrines that distinguish it from other groups that are also adherents of the 'same' religion.

The biblical story of the exodus (escape of the jews from slavery in Egypt) reflects what type of theology for traditionally black churches?

Sociologist theorize that one of the most important factors distributing people into congregation is ___________.

Theodicy is an explanation of _______.

Most religions seek to recruit, or proselytize, more members. two notable exceptions to this rule are?