Mastering A&P Chapter 14

In a crossed-extensor reflex, if the right arm was grabbed it would flex and the left arm would ________.

Outflow of the sympathetic division occurs from which regions of the CNS?

Which of these activities is most likely driven by parasympathetic innervation?

Which target organ is NOT affected by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? a. liver b. lungs c. heart d. adrenal medulla

Once a preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, one of three things can happen to the axon. Which of the following is NOT one of these three things? a. The axon can pass through the trunk ganglion and emerge from the sympathetic trunk without synapsing. b. The axon can course back into the spinal cord to synapse with preganglionic neurons in a different spinal segment. c. The axon can synapse with a ganglionic neuron in the same trunk ganglion. d. The axon can ascend or descend the sympathetic trunk to synapse in another trunk ganglion.

Which set of details correctly identifies a series of events in a sympathetic pathway?

Which receptor paring below is correct?

Which of the following target organs/systems is affected by the sympathetic nervous system but is NOT affected by the parasympathetic nervous system?

Which of the following is responsible for the overall integration of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?

Which of the following does NOT describe the ANS? a. a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells b. involuntary nervous system c. a system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands d. general visceral motor system

Which of these effectors is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system?

Autonomic ganglia are sites of synapse and information transmission from preganglionic to postganglionic neurons. T/F

Where are ganglia of the parasympathetic division located?

The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected. T/F

The sacral part of the parasympathetic division serves the pelvic organs and the distal half of the large intestine. T/F

The sympathetic division innervates targets with nerves that all originate from the thoracolumbar region.

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________.

Sympathetic has extensive branching of preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has minimal branching of preganglionic fibers. T/F

Sympathetic ganglia are within a few centimeters of the CNS; parasympathetic ganglia are close to the visceral organs served. T/F

Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers. T/F

Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar. T/F

The major anatomic difference in autonomic reflex arcs is that there are two sensory afferents. T/F

Visceral reflexes include the reflexes that empty the bladder and the rectum. T/F

Secreted by preganglionic sympathetic fibers.

Secreted by preganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

Secreted by postganglionic sympathetic fibers to sweat glands.

Secreted by postganglionic parasympathetic fibers.

Secreted by most postganglionic sympathetic fibers.

Norepinephrine-releasing fibers are called cholinergic fibers.

Which of the following is characteristic of the parasympathetic division?

Short preganglionic, long postganglionic fibers.

Collateral ganglia.

Active after you have eaten a meal.

Decreases heart rate.

Maintenance functions.

Stimulates ciliary muscles of the eye, which makes the lens bulge for close vision.

Increases blood pressure.

Which is a uniquely sympathetic function?

Sympathetic division stimulation causes ________.

All visceral organs receive dual innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS. T/F

Thermoregulatory responses to increased heat are mediated by the sympathetic nervous division. T/F

Because many of the same cardiac cells are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers, the influence of the two divisions on the heart is synergistic, meaning contraction is strongest when both divisions act together.