Ch. 14 A&P

Mrs. Oberhaus needs surgery to correct a severe case of Raynaud's disease, affecting one of her hands. What surgical procedure will be performed? After the surgery, will she be more likely to suffer from anhidrosis (lack of sweating) or hyperhidrosis (profuse sweating) in the affected hand?

Which organ receives major input from the sympathetic, but not parasympathetic, division?

The group of fibers indicated by E represents which of the following?

Which of the following statements is true of the group of fibers indicated by the letter D?

Outflow of the sympathetic division occurs from which regions of the CNS?

Which of the letters in the figure indicates the vagus nerve?

An elderly patient in a nursing home has recurrent episodes of fainting when he stands. An alert nurse notes that this occurs only when his room is fairly warm; on cold mornings, he has no difficulty. What is the cause of the fainting, and how does it relate to the autonomic nervous system and to room temperature?

Why would smooth muscle associated with lung bronchioles dilate while smooth muscle associated with arterial walls constricts when stimulated by norepinephrine neurotransmitter?

Nasal decongestants phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine act to shrink dilated blood vessels in the nasal passages to relieve congestion. They are called sympathomimetics because they act similar to sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Which of the following would be an undesirable side effect associated with their use?

Where are ganglia of the parasympathetic division located?

All of the following characterize the ANS except two-neuron efferent chain presence of nerve cell bodies in the CNS presence of nerve cell bodies in the ganglia innervation of skeletal muscles

Which of the following terms relate to the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? short preganglionic, long postganglionic fibers intramural ganglia craniosacral outflow adrenergic fibers

Which of the following terms relate to the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? cervical ganglia otic and ciliary ganglia generally short-duration action increases heart rate and blood pressure

Which of the following terms relate to the sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? increases gastric motility and secretion of lacrimal, salivary, and digestive juices innervates blood vessels most active when you are swinging in a hammock active when you are running in the Boston Marathon

Preganglionic neurons develop from

The white rami communicantes contain what kind of fibers?

Collateral sympathetic ganglia are involved with the innervation of the

sweat glands

adrenal medula

lungs

liver

blood vessels to digestive viscera

What area of the brain is most directly involved in mediating autonomic reflexes?

Name the main integration center that coordinates heart rate, blood presure, and body temperature.

Which neurotransmitter do all preganglionic fibers and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division secrete?

Which neurotransmitter do the postganglionic fibers of the sympathetic division release?

The premise of biofeedback training is that we do not routinely exert voluntary controls over our visceral activities because we have little conscious awareness of our internal environment. The training allows subjects to become aware of the body's signals and subsequently make subtle internal changes to help them control such things as migraine headaches and stress.

What manifestation(s) of decreased autonomic nervous system efficiency are seen in elderly individuals? constipation dry eyes loss of appetite loss of muscle tone faintness when they change position, such as standing up abruptly after sitting

Sympathetic tone

Parasympathetic tone

Tone

Resting tone

Acetylcholine is released by all somatic motor neurons, all preganglionic neurons of the ANS and by the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers.

The facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) nerves contain postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system.

Most splanchnic nerves pass through the abdominal aortic plexus.

The celiac ganglion is primarily associated with the sympathetic division.

The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division.

Most disorders of the autonomic nervous system reflect abnormalities of smooth muscle control.

The vasomotor tone of blood vessels is mostly under sympathetic control.

All visceral organs receive dual innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS.

Some sympathetic preganglionic fibers stimulate the adrenal medulla to release norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood, producing a "surge of adrenaline."

Rami communicantes are designated white or gray to indicate whether or not the fibers passing through them are myelinated.

Which of these effectors is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system? most glands cardiac muscle skeletal muscle smooth muscle

Cardiovascular effects of the sympathetic division include all of the following EXCEPT ________.

The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________.

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the ________.

The mushroom poison muscarine can bind to receptors on ________.

The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the ________.

The smooth muscle of the digestive viscera is served largely by the ________.

Parasympathetic functions include ________.

Raynaud's disease ________.

Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra?

Once a sympathetic preganglionic axon reaches a trunk ganglion, it can do all of the following EXCEPT?

Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________.

The parasympathetic ganglion that serves the eye is the ________.

Autonomic ganglia contain ________.

Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the ________.

Which of the following adrenergic neurotransmitter receptors plays the major role in heart activity?

Which type of drug would be useful in dilating the pupils for an examination of the retina?

Which is a uniquely sympathetic function?

Which of the following statements is FALSE? Sympathetic has extensive branching of preganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has minimal branching of preganglionic fibers. Sympathetic division has short preganglionic and long postganglionic fibers; parasympathetic has long preganglionic and short postganglionic fibers. Sympathetic ganglia are within a few centimeters of the CNS; parasympathetic ganglia are close to the visceral organs served. Sympathetic origin is craniosacral; parasympathetic is thoracolumbar.

Where would you NOT find a cholinergeric nicotinic receptor?

Erection (vasodilation) of the penis or clitoris ________.

Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerves ________.

Which of the following does NOT describe the ANS?

Which sympathetic fibers form a splanchnic nerve?

The parasympathetic tone ________.

Autonomic dysreflexia ________.

Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ________.

Which of the following is NOT a result of parasympathetic stimulation?

Which of the following is mismatched?

Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic trunks without synapsing form structures called ________.

Which of the following is NOT a plexus of the vagus (X) nerve?

Where would you NOT find autonomic ganglia?

A mugger steals your wallet causing all of the following to happen EXCEPT ________.

Which target organ receives dual innervation?

Sympathetic division stimulation causes ________.

Which of the following appears to exert the most direct influence over autonomic functions?

Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that ________.

The somatic and autonomic nervous systems differ in all of the following EXCEPT ________.

Drugs called beta-blockers ________.

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of ________.