Which type of nerve fibers make up the autonomic nervous system (ANS)?
answer
sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers
question
Where do sympathetic preganglionic fibers synapse?
answer
sympathetic trunk and collateral ganglia
question
Where are cell bodies of somatic motor neurons located?
answer
ventral horn of spinal cord
question
Which region of the spinal cord does NOT contain any autonomic neurons?
answer
cervical
question
The parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is characterized by __________.
answer
localized effects on specific organs and short postganglionic axons near organ of innervation
question
Which of these statements accurately describes how the general visceral motor system of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) differs from the general somatic motor system?
answer
Motor units in the ANS include a chain of two motor neurons.
question
Which of these statements accurately describes a similarity between the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS ?
answer
They innervate many of the same visceral organs.
question
The ANS is the system of __________ neurons that regulates such functions as __________.
answer
motor / heart rate, digestion, and blood pressure
question
Postganglionic sympathetic fibers to sweat glands and peripheral blood vessels secrete _________.
answer
acetylcholine
question
The general visceral motor division of the peripheral nervous system describes the
answer
ANS
question
Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies outside the CNS.
answer
post-ganglionic neuron
question
Cell body of this autonomic neuron lies within the CNS.
answer
pre-ganglionic neuron
question
Division that is dominant during exercise, excitement, or emergencies.
answer
sympathetic
question
Which of these is not innervated by the ANS?
answer
skeletal muscle
question
Another name for the ANS is the
answer
general visceral motor system.
question
Which of these descriptions is not a result of parasympathetic stimulation?
answer
contraction of the bladder wall in urination
constriction of the pupils
==production of goose bumps
increased peristalsis of the digestive viscera
question
The trunk ganglia contain what kind of cell bodies?
answer
postganglionic sympathetic
question
Cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the
answer
lateral gray horns of the spinal cord.
question
Which autonomic division increases heart rate?
answer
sympathetic
question
Preganglionic fibers are myelinated, whereas postganglionic fibers are unmyelinated.
answer
true
question
Which cranial nerve carries parasympathetic innervation to the thoracic and abdominal viscera?
answer
CN X
question
Which of these organs/tissues are NOT innervated by parasympathetic fibers, or do not exhibit parasympathetic effects?
answer
sweat glands, arrector pili muscles, and adipose tissue
question
Division of the ANS responsible for the fight-or-flight response describes the
answer
sympathetic division
question
Division of the ANS most active during vigorous exercise describes the
answer
sympathetic division
question
Division of the ANS most active when the body is at rest describes the
answer
parasympathetic division
question
Which statement is true concerning the innervation of adrenal medulla?
answer
Preganglionic sympathetic axons terminate in the adrenal medulla and stimulate the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine.
question
Sympathetic innervation to the head follows which pathway?
answer
Preganglionic fibers travel to synapse in the superior cervical ganglion. Postganglionic fibers travel with blood vessels, and innervate structures of the head.
question
If you were very nervous about speaking in front of a group of people, which of the following would be likely to develop?
answer
dry mouth, due to sympathetic inhibition of secretions from the salivary glands
question
What is the role of the gray rami communicantes?
answer
They are the postganglionic sympathetic axons that direct impulses to intended peripheral organs.
question
The sympathetic pathways to the extremities, direct impulses to which of these structures/tissues?
answer
arrector pili muscles and sweat glands
question
Short nerve branches that connect the ventral rami of spinal nerves to the sympathetic ganglia.
answer
rami communicantes
question
Ganglia of this structure are connected to the ventral rami of spinal nerves through the rami communicantes.
answer
sympathetic trunk
question
Which division of the autonomic nervous system innervates the sweat glands in skin?
answer
sympathetic
question
The gray and white rami communicantes attach to the
answer
ventral rami
question
What stimulates the adrenal medulla to secrete its excitatory neurohormones?
answer
preganglionic sympathetic neurons
question
Which of these statements concerning gray rami communicantes is incorrect?
answer
They contain all the preganglionic fibers traveling to the sympathetic chain.
question
Cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons are located within the
answer
lateral horns of the gray matter of the spinal cord.
question
Identify the pathway that correctly traces the movement of preganglionic sympathetic fibers.
answer
ventral root to white ramus communicans to sympathetic trunk ganglion
question
The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of
answer
sympathetic stimulation
question
Where would you not find an autonomic ganglion?
answer
in the armpit
question
Sympathetic trunk ganglia contain the cell bodies of sensory neurons and are located in the dorsal root of the spinal cord.
answer
false
question
Because the fibers of the sympathetic division arise from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord, they cannot innervate structures of the head or pelvis.
answer
false
question
Parasympathetic fibers innervate the sweat glands, arrector pili, and smooth muscles of the arteries.
`
answer
false
question
This division can also be called the craniosacral division.
answer
parasympathetic division
question
Division that is dominant during rest, digestion, and excretion.
answer
parasympathetic
question
Which division of the autonomic nervous system has preganglionic fibers within the facial nerve?
answer
parasympathetic
question
All of the following have only sympathetic innervation except the