Mastering A&P Chapter 14

In the last step of a visceral reflex arc __________. a) afferent neurons take signal to the brain and spinal cord b) postganglionic neurons stimulate target cells c) motor impulses travel to autonomic ganglia d) stimuli are integrated by the CNS

Which division of the nervous system is responsible for voluntary control of skeletal muscle? a) parasympathetic nervous system b) sympathetic nervous system c) visceral motor division d) somatic nervous system

Neurons that transmit efferent signals between the CNS and autonomic ganglia are called __________. a) interneurons b) sensory neurons c) postganglionic neurons d) preganglionic neurons

Which of the following is called the "fight or flight" division of the nervous system? a) somatic motor division b) parasympathetic nervous system c) sympathetic nervous system d) visceral sensory division

Unlike autonomic motor neurons, somatic motor neurons _____________. a) can only stimulate their target cells and not inhibit them b) synapse with their target cells inside ganglia c) stimulate cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands d) release ACh at their target cells

Postganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system ___________. a) stimulate skeletal muscle b) stimulate preganglionic neurons c) have cell bodies located within autonomic ganglia d) are afferent

Which of the following is called the "rest and digest" division of the nervous system? a) parasympathetic nervous system b) visceral sensory division c) sympathetic nervous system d) somatic motor division

Visceral reflex arcs do NOT control: a) digestion b) heart rate c) blood pressure d) voluntary muscle functions

Sally sustained damage to some autonomic ganglia. What part of the visceral reflex arc is interrupted? a) sensory reception b) motor response in a target cell c) integration d) initiation of a motor impulse in the central nervous system CNS

Autonomic motor neurons do NOT innervate: a) skeletal muscle cells b) cardiac muscle cells c) smooth muscle cells d) glands

Where are autonomic ganglia located? a) central nervous system (CNS) b) spinal cord c) brain d) peripheral nervous system (PNS)

Where does the cell body of the preganglionic neuron originate? a) central nervous system (CNS) b) target cell c) peripheral nervous system (PNS) d) postganglionic neuron

What is found between the preganglionic neuron and postganglionic neuron of a visceral reflex arc? a) spinal cord b) target cell c) autonomic ganglion d) central nervous system (CNS)

Where are the preganglionic neurons of the sympathetic nervous system located? a) cervical region and sacral region of the spinal cord b) cranial nerves and the lumbar region of the spinal cord c) cranial nerves and the sacral region of the spinal cord d) thoracolumbar region of the spinal cord

A drug that inhibits the release of norepinephrine will have the greatest effect on: a) preganglionic neurons b) skeletal muscle cells c) autonomic target cells d) somatic motor neurons

Which of the following innervates target cells or organs of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? a) somatic motor neuron b) autonomic ganglion c) postganglionic neuron d) preganglionic neuron

Which branch of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) also includes the vagus nerves, which innervate the thoracic and abdominal viscera? a) sympathetic nervous system b) sensory nervous system c) parasympathetic nervous system d) somatic nervous system

After eating a large meal, Mr. Davis felt sleepy. Which nervous system dominates? a) sympathetic nervous system b) systemic nervous system c) somatic nervous system d) parasympathetic nervous system

The sympathetic nervous system has short preganglionic axons and long postganglionic axons, with the sympathetic ganglia located near the spinal cord. a) true b) false

Compared to parasympathetic ganglia, sympathetic ganglia are ____________. a) closer to the spinal cord b) embedded in the target organs c) located in the brain stem d) located in the thoracic or lumbar spinal cord

Beta-blockers are a class of drugs that act as adrenergic antagonists. Beta-blockers will have an effect at ___________. a) sympathetic target organs b) parasympathetic ganglia c) sympathetic ganglia d) parasympathetic target organs

Ephedrine is a protein extracted from a Chinese plant that acts similarly to epinephrine and acts on the same receptors. Ephedrine can cause ___________. a) bronchoconstriction b) increased digestive functions c) constriction of the pupil d) increased heart rate

Cocaine causes increased availability of norepinephrine and therefore stimulates the sympathetic division. Which of the following will be an effect on cocaine? a) constriction of the pupils b) hyperglycemia due to increased glucose release c) bronchoconstriction d) decreased sweating

Which of the following is NOT an organ innervated by the parasympathetic nervous system? a) lacrimal glands b) salivary glands c) digestive glands d) sweat glands

Which of the following house axons of sympathetic postganglionic neurons? a) gray rami communicantes b) collateral ganglia c) sympathetic chain ganglia d) white rami communicantes

The major neurotransmitter at sympathetic target organs is ___________________. a) epinephrine b) acetylcholine c) adrenalin c) norepinephrine

Which of the following is NOT one of the effects of the sympathetic nervous system on its target cells? a) bronchoconstriction b) vasoconstriction c) dilation of the pupil d) increase in heart rate

Where within the spinal cord do the cell bodies of preganglionic sympathetic neurons originate? a) posterior horns of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord b) lateral horns of the cervical and sacral spinal cord c) anterior horns of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord d) lateral horns of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord

What do the white rami communicantes contain? a) preganglionic parasympathetic neurons b) preganglionic sympathetic neurons c) postganglionic sympathetic neurons d) sympathetic chain ganglia

Which neurotransmitter is released by the axon of a sympathetic preganglionic neuron to communicate with the sympathetic postganglionic neuron? a) norepinephrine b) acetylcholine c) adrenalin d) epinephrine

Receptors that bind norepinephrine and epinephrine are known as: a) muscarinic b) nicotinic c) adrenergic d) cholinergic

If a drug is administered to block the heart's adrenergic receptors, how is heart rate affected during exercise? a) the heart will stop beating b) the drug has no effect on heart rate during exercise c) heart rate will be unable to increase in response to exercise d) heart rate will increase in response to the drug

Receptors that bind acetylcholine are known as: a) beta b) cholinergic c) alpha d) adrenergic

Nicotinic and muscarinic receptors are classified as: a) adrenergic receptors b) cholinergic receptors c) beta receptors d) alpha receptors

During sympathetic nervous system activity, what is NOT an effect of norepinephrine? a) glucose is broken down from glycogen b) lipids are broken down from adipocytes c) the pancreas releases a hormone called glucagon d) blood glucose levels decrease

The adrenal medulla serve to supplement the: a) parasympathetic nervous system b) somatic nervous system c) sympathetic nervous system d) both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems

Which nervous system dilates the pupils and allows more light to enter the eyes? a) sympathetic nervous system b) sensory nervous system c) somatic nervous system d) parasympathetic nervous system

Alpha and beta receptors are classified as cholinergic receptors. a) true b) false

Which of the following is NOT one of the roles of the parasympathetic nervous system? a) maintains resting heart rate b) controls the diameter of blood vessels c) stimulating urination d) increases digestive functions

Preganglionic neurons of the parasympathetic nervous system have __________ origin. a) thoracolumbar b) thoracosacral c) craniosacral d) craniolumbar

Which of the following can be a side effect of a drug that stimulates the parasympathetic nervous system? a) decreased tear production b) increased salivation c) dilation of the pupils d) increased heart rate

The parasympathetic neurotransmitter at target organs is _________. a) dopamine b) norepinephrine c) acetylcholine d) epinephrine

Which of the following is one of the effects of the parasympathetic NS? a) dilation of the pupils b) increased salivary and digestive secretions c) increased secretion from sweat glands d) relaxation of digestive tract smooth muscle and contraction of sphincters

Increased heart rate: a) parasympathetic nervous system b) sympathetic nervous system

Digestion: a) parasympathetic nervous system b) sympathetic nervous system

Relaxation of the urinary sphincter: a) parasympathetic nervous system b) sympathetic nervous system

Vasoconstriction of blood vessels: a) parasympathetic nervous system b) sympathetic nervous system

Enhances mental alertness: a) parasympathetic nervous system b) sympathetic nervous system

The axons of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons are: a) short b) long c) situated within terminal ganglia d) found close to the spinal cord

Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic nervous system located? a) close to the brain b) close to the spinal cord c) near the parasympathetic preganglionic neuron d) near the cells or organ being innervated by parasympathetic postganglionic neurons

What does the vagus nerve (CN X) innervate? a) cardiac muscle cells b) blood vessels c) adipocytes d) sweat glands

The parasympathetic nervous system prepares the eye for: a) changing light levels b) age-related deterioration c) distance vision d) near vision

Which of the following is NOT an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system? a) bronchoconstriction b) decreased heart rate c) constriction of the pupil d) increased sweat secretion

Both preganglionic and postganglionic parasympathetic neurons release acetylcholine at their synapses. a) true b) false

An example of an organ under predominantly sympathetic tone is __________. a) bronchioles b) blood vessels c) heart d) small intestines

Parasympathetic tone is dominant in the ___________. a) blood vessels b) adrenal gland c) sweat glands d) heart

What is responsible for keeping blood vessels partially constricted at all times? a) somatic control b) parasympathetic tone c) sympathetic tone d) cerebral cortex control

What part of the brain largely controls homeostatic functions? a) occipital lobe b) hypothalamus c) cerebellum d) pineal gland

Most organs are innervated from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, referred to as: a) dual innervation b) antagonism c) sympathetic tone d) parasympathetic tone

Most organs experience dual innervation from the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems. a) true b) false