Biology: ANA chpt 14

The ANS stimulates smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and glands, whereas the somatic nervous system innervates skeletal muscles only. T OR F

Autonomic ganglia are motor ganglia, containing the cell bodies of motor neurons. T OR F

Autonomic ganglia are sights of synapse and information transmission from preganglionic to postganglionic neurons. T OR F

The autonomic and somatic nervous systems are two separate systems that work totally independent of each other and lack any functional overlap. T OR F

Which of the following does NOT describe the ANS general visceral motor system a system of motor neurons that innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glands a system of motor neurons that innervates all muscle cells involuntary nervous system

Which of these effectors is NOT directly controlled by the autonomic nervous system? - skeletal muscle -cardiac muscle - most glands -smooth muscle

Autonomic ganglia contain __? -an outer connective tissue capsule around the cell bodies of preganglionic motor neurons -the cell bodies of motor neurons -synapses between postganglionic fibers and their effectors -both somatic afferent and efferent neurons

The autonomic nervous system may cause activation or inhibition, depending on the division that is active and the target that is affected.

The sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions of the ANS have the same effect on most body organ systems. T OR F

Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the? somatic nervous system sympathetic division cerebrum parasympathetic division

The "fight or flight" division of the autonomic nervous system is the? - peripheral divsion -somatic divison - parasympathetic divsion -sympathetic division

The facial (VII), glossopharyngeal (IX), and vagus (X) nerves contain postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous system. T OR F

The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division? T OR F

All splanchnic nerves are sympathetic. T OR F

Cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), and IX (glossopharyngeal) supply the entire parasympathetic innervation of the head; however, only the preganglionic fibers lie within these three pairs of cranial nerves. T OR F

The sacral part of the parasympathetic division serves the pelvic organs and the distal half of the large intestine. T OR F

Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve? - X (vagus) V (trigeminal) XII (hypoglossal) VII (facial)

The parasympathetic fibers of the ________ nerve stimulate many large glands in the head such as the nasal and lacrimal glands. oculomotor (III) optic (II) facial (VII) trochlear (IV)

Which of the following is NOT a plexus of the vagus (X) nerve? esophageal inferior hypogastric pulmonary cardiac

The smooth muscle of the digestive viscera is served largely by the? pelvic nerves vagus (X) nerves lumbar splanchnic nerves cephalic plexus

The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the? -sacral nerves - phrenic nerve -sympathetic trunk -vagus nerves

The rami communicantes are associated only with the sympathetic division of the ANS. T OR F

The gray rami communicantes consist of myelinated postganglionic fibers. T OR F

The celiac ganglion is primarily associated with the sympathetic division. T OR F

The adrenal medulla is considered by some to be a "misplaced" sympathetic ganglion since embryologically, they arise from the same tissue. T OR F

Some sympathetic preganglionic fibers stimulate the adrenal medulla to release norepinephrine and epinephrine into the blood, producing a "surge of adrenaline. T OR F

Most splanchnic nerves pass through the abdominal aortic plexus. T OR F

Rami communicantes are designated white or gray to indicate whether or not the fibers passing through them are myelinated. T OR F

The secretions of the adrenal medulla act to supplement the effects of sympathetic stimulation parasympathetic innervation vagus (X) nerve activity somatic stimulation

Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra? second cervical third lumbar first coccyxf first thoracic

Fibers that enter and leave the sympathetic trunks without synapsing form structures called spinal nerves gray rami communicantes splanchnic nerves white rami communicantes

Which sympathetic fibers form a splanchnic nerve? -those that synapse with somatic fibers -those that synapse with parasympathetic fibers -those that synapse in the same trunk ganglion they entered -those that pass through the trunk ganglion to synapse in collateral or prevertebral ganglia

Somatic and visceral reflex arcs are similar, but visceral reflex arcs lack afferent fibers (visceral sensory neurons). T OR F

Visceral reflexes include the reflexes that empty the bladder and the rectum. T OR F

Visceral reflex arcs differ from somatic in that? visceral arcs do not use integration centers visceral arcs involve two motor neurons visceral arcs contain two sensory neurons somatic arcs contain one additional component that visceral arcs do not possess

The effect of beta-blocker drugs (block beta-receptors) is to increase blood pressure. T OR F

Acetylcholine is released by all somatic motor neurons, all preganglionic neurons of the ANS and by the postganglionic parasympathetic nerve fibers. T OR F

Norepinephrine-releasing fibers are called cholinergic fibers. T OR F

β-adrenergic receptors are the only receptors found on the heart. T OR F

Drugs called beta-blockers increase a dangerously low heart rate are potent antidepressants have widespread sympathetic effects decrease heart rate and blood pressure

Which of the following adrenergic neurotransmitter receptors plays the major role in heart activity? - beta 1 - beta 2 - beta 3 -alpha 1

The mushroom poison muscarine can bind to receptors on _> -cell bodies and dendrites of sympathetic postganglionic neurons -cell bodies and dendrites of parasympathetic postganglionic neurons -all effector cells stimulated by postganglionic cholinergic fibers -the hormone producing cells of the adrenal medulla

Most blood vessels are innervated by the sympathetic division alone. T RO F

The blood vessels of the skin are one of the few areas of the body where the vessels are innervated by both the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions. T OR F

The effect of the parasympathetic division on the penis is vasodilation causing erection, while ejaculation is due to sympathetic stimulation. T OR F

The vasomotor tone of blood vessels is mostly under sympathetic control. T OR F

Because many of the same cardiac cells are innervated by both parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers, the influence of the two divisions on the heart is synergistic, meaning contraction is strongest when both divisions act together. T OR F

Which of the following is a function of the parasympathetic division? -contracts smooth muscle of the bladder wall and relaxes urethral sphincter -increases heart rate and force of contraction -produces "goosebumps" -dilates bronchioles

Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________. -preganglionic fibers are long -preganglionic fibers are short -NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response -inactivation of ACh is fairly slow

Erection (vasodilation) of the penis or clitoris _? -is primarily under parasympathetic control -is the result of coordinated activation by both sympathetic and parasympathetic input -depends very little on autonomic activation -is primarily under sympathetic control

Sympathetic division stimulation causes? -decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure -increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure -increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure -decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure

Parasympathetic functions include __? -a stimulation of heart rate and force of contraction -lens accommodation for close vision -allowing the body to cope with an external threat -raising blood glucose levels

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the ________. thalamus hypothalamus medulla cerebellum

Emotions influence autonomic reactions primarily through integration in the? lateral geniculate of the thalamus lateral horn of the spinal cord hypothalamus inferior colliculus