Anatomy And Physiology Chapter 11

Which of the following best describes the direction and function of efferent signals?

Which of the following are components of the efferent nervous system?

Which pathways make up the autonomic nervous system?

Somatic motor neuron

Preganglionic autonomic neuron

Postganglionic autonomic neuron

Ganglion

Which of the following is/are targets of the efferent nervous system?

A single neuron is stimulated at the central nervous system; this signal travels all the way to the target tissue, where the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is released onto the target tissue. The acetylcholine binds to a nicotinic receptor to induce skeletal muscle contraction. These steps describe the function of which branch of the efferent nervous system?

Acetylcholine (Ach) site of release

Norepinephrine (NE) site of release

Neurotransmitters of norepinephrine

Neurotransmitters of acetylcholine

Neurotransmitters of epinephrine

The somatic nervous system and the parasympathetic nervous system both release acetylcholine (ACh) onto their target tissues. Do you predict that this would indicate that these two pathways carry out the same effects? Why or why not?

Muscarine, a chemical produced by certain mushrooms, binds to muscarinic receptors mimicking the effect of acetylcholine. How do you think administering this chemical would change body function? The drug would _____________.

Which of these characteristics is the same in both the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches for the vast majority of neurons?

What is the main enzyme responsible for the breakdown of catecholamines?

In the autonomic nervous system, neurotransmitter activation of its receptor terminates when the neurotransmitter is metabolized by enzymes in the extracellular fluid, or when it diffuses away. Which other mechanism leads to termination of neurotransmitter activity?

Why is the parasympathetic nervous system also called the cranio-sacral division?

What would be the effect of ACh binding to its receptor on the postsynaptic muscle cell?

The division of the efferent nervous system that controls smooth and cardiac muscles and many glands is the ________ division

The diameter of blood vessels varies under the control of ________ neurons, which cause the diameter to ________.

The diameter of bronchioles varies under the control of ________ neurons, which cause the diameter to _______

Neurons in the parasympathetic pathway use which of the following neurotransmitters?

Sympathetic pathways originate in which region of the spinal cord?

Which nervous system division has parasympathetic and sympathetic branches?

Sometimes the effects of sympathetic stimulation can be contradictory in the same types of tissue. For example, in the arterioles of the GI tract, sympathetic stimulation causes constriction while arterioles of skeletal muscle can dilate in response to sympathetic stimulation. What mechanism explains these opposite effects?

What is a varicosity in the autonomic nervous system?

Which of the following is an effect of the parasympathetic nervous system?

Somatic motor neurons secrete the neurotransmitter ________ onto ________ receptors at the target tissue.

The target tissue(s) of somatic motor neurons is/are ______

The neurotransmitter that controls skeletal muscle causes which of the following?

What is the trigger for ACh release into the synaptic cleft of a neuromuscular junction?

What is an appropriate classification for the ACh receptor found in the neuromuscular junction?

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitor administration is a common treatment for myasthenia gravis. Why does this help alleviate some of the symptoms of this autoimmune disease?

The two divisions of the efferent side of the peripheral nervous system are

The division of the autonomic nervous system that prepares the body for intense levels of activity and stress is the

Which statements apply to the parasympathetic division of the nervous system?

Which area is NOT normally considered to be an autonomic control center?

Antagonistic control of efferent output is typical of the ________ division.

The adrenal medulla is important to the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system because

Which of the following has its cell body in the ganglion?

Which functions are controlled through the autonomic nervous system? 1. blood pressure 2. heart rate 3. water balance 4. temperature regulation

Increased parasympathetic stimulation

The motor end plate is

Match the following with its description. A. acetylcholine B. norepinephrine C. cholinergic nicotinic receptor D. adrenergic receptor E. cholinergic muscarinic receptor parasympathetic tissue receptor

Match the following with its description. A. acetylcholine B. norepinephrine C. cholinergic nicotinic receptor D. adrenergic receptor E. cholinergic muscarinic receptor target receptor for preganglionic neurons

Match the following with its description. A. acetylcholine B. norepinephrine C. cholinergic nicotinic receptor D. adrenergic receptor E. cholinergic muscarinic receptor sympathetic tissue receptor

Match the answers to the questions. A. true only for the sympathetic division B. true only for the parasympathetic division C. true for both divisions The neurotransmitter acetylcholine is released by neurons at the neuroeffector synapse.

Match the answers to the questions. A. true only for the sympathetic division B. true only for the parasympathetic division C. true for both divisions The cell bodies of preganglionic neurons are found either in the brain stem or in the sacral region of the spinal cord.

Match the answers to the questions. A. true only for the sympathetic division B. true only for the parasympathetic division C. true for both divisions It releases norepinephrine at the neuroeffector synapse.

Cholinergic nicotinic receptors are found in the ________ of the ANS.

Cholinergic muscarinic receptors are found at the ________ in the ANS.

The ________ is the major source of parasympathetic output.

________ are swellings that contain vesicles filled with neurotransmitters

The two varieties of adrenergic receptors are

________ postganglionic sympathetic neurons secrete ________ onto their target cells

Match the response with the type of chemical. A. sympathetic agonist B. parasympathetic agonist pupil dilation

Match the response with the type of chemical. A. sympathetic antagonist B. parasympathetic antagonist blocks secretion of pancreatic enzymes

Match the response with the type of chemical. A. sympathetic antagonist B. parasympathetic antagonist blocks sweating