Mastering A&P Ch 14

What is the effect of norepinephrine on the heart? an increase in heart rate a decrease in stroke volume a decrease in heart rate Norepinephrine does not affect the heart.

Sympathetic responses generally are widespread because ________. preganglionic fibers are long preganglionic fibers are short inactivation of ACh is fairly slow NE and epinephrine are secreted into the blood as part of the sympathetic response

The "resting and digesting" division of the autonomic nervous system is the ________. parasympathetic division sympathetic division peripheral nervous system somatic division

Conduction through the autonomic efferent chain is faster than conduction in the somatic motor system. True False

Parasympathetic functions include ________. mobilizing storage energy sources allowing the body to cope with an external threat lens accommodation for close vision a stimulation of heart rate and force of contraction

Why would smooth muscle associated with lung bronchioles dilate while smooth muscle associated with arterial walls constricts when stimulated by norepinephrine neurotransmitter? different body systems different smooth muscle different target organs different receptor types

Nasal decongestants phenylephrine and pseudoephedrine act to shrink dilated blood vessels in the nasal passages to relieve congestion. They are called sympathomimetics because they act similar to sympathetic neurotransmitter norepinephrine. Which of the following would be an undesirable side effect associated with their use? nervousness muscle aches drowsiness arm numbness

The two divisions of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) normally have a(n) __________ relationship. disruptive mutualistic antagonistic synergistic

Which target organ is NOT affected by the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? lungs adrenal medulla liver heart

Parasympathetic ganglia are also called __________ because of their location. prevertebral ganglia terminal ganglia collateral ganglia trunk ganglia

Symptoms of autonomic neuropathy could include any EXCEPT which of the following? diarrhea constipation abnormal stretch reflex responses hyposecretion by sudoriferous glands

Acetylcholine is the substance released by the axonal endings of the somatic efferent fibers and by the parasympathetic nerve fiber endings. True False

The two types of receptors that bind acetylcholine are __________ and __________ receptors. nicotinic; muscarinic alpha; beta nicotinic; caffeinic caffeinic; muscarinic

The route of major parasympathetic outflow from the head is via the ________. sacral nerve vagus nerve sympathetic trunk phrenic nerve

Sympathetic nerves may leave the spinal cord at which vertebra? third lumbar first thoracic second cervical first coccyx

Which of the following is responsible for the overall integration of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? frontal lobe of the cerebral cortex brain stem reticular formation hypothalamus

The ANS stimulates smooth muscles, skeletal muscles and glands, whereas the somatic nervous system innervates skeletal muscles only. True False

Control of temperature, endocrine activity, and thirst are functions associated with the ________. medulla thalamus cerebellum hypothalamus

Over 90% of all parasympathetic fibers are derived from cranial nerve number ________. VII XII V X

Sympathetic division stimulation causes ________. decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure increased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure increased blood glucose, decreased GI peristalsis, and increased heart rate and blood pressure decreased blood glucose, increased GI peristalsis, and decreased heart rate and blood pressure

Which division of the nervous system has short preganglionic neurons? somatic sensory somatic motor parasympathetic sympathetic

Which autonomic neurons release norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter? parasympathetic preganglionic neurons parasympathetic postganglionic neurons sympathetic preganglionic neurons sympathetic postganglionic neurons

The craniosacral division is another name for the parasympathetic division. True False

Preparing the body for the "fight-or-flight" response is the role of the ________. cerebrum parasympathetic nervous system sympathetic nervous system somatic nervous system

Thermoregulatory responses to increased heat are mediated by the sympathetic nervous division. True False

Norepinephrine-releasing fibers are called cholinergic fibers. True False

Which of the following is NOT associated with the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS)? digesting energy conservation emergency action resting

For which of the following activities is the parasympathetic nervous system generally responsible? sweating and dilating pupils vigorous physical activity resting and digesting fight-or-flight responses

Which division of the nervous system has short preganglionic neurons? somatic sensory parasympathetic sympathetic somatic motor

Which is a uniquely sympathetic function? regulation of body temperature regulation of cardiac rate regulation of respiratory rate regulation of pupil size

Which of the following best demonstrates an example of cooperation of the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems? Sympathetic stimulation causes vasodilation of blood vessels in the penis, leading to erection; parasympathetic stimulation then causes ejaculation. Parasympathetic stimulation causes vasodilation of blood vessels in the penis, leading to erection; sympathetic stimulation then causes ejaculation. Sympathetic stimulation causes vasodilation of blood vessels in the clitoris, leading to erection; parasympathetic stimulation then causes reflex contractions of the vagina. Parasympathetic stimulation causes copious sweating; sympathetic stimulation causes epidermal pores to dilate.

Erection of the penis or clitoris ________. is the result of coordinated activation by both sympathetic and parasympathetic input depends very little on autonomic activation is primarily under parasympathetic control is primarily under sympathetic control

Which autonomic neurons release norepinephrine as a neurotransmitter? parasympathetic postganglionic neurons sympathetic preganglionic neurons sympathetic postganglionic neurons parasympathetic preganglionic neurons