Chapter 7 Mastering Geology

Where are most sediments and sedimentary rocks found? CHOOSE ALL THAT APPLY.

________ is the process where sediments are converted into a sedimentary rock.

What is diagenesis?

________ are fragments of pre-existing materials that have been broken down through the processes of weathering.

Chemical sedimentary rocks form from ___.

Which of the following defines depositional environment?

What is a delta?

Other than sand dunes in a desert environment, where else would you expect to find well-rounded and sorted sand deposits?

Describe the distribution of sedimentary deposits you would expect to find on a delta.

Which of the following processes were involved as the Vishnu Schist metamorphosed?

Which of the following best describes why the Vishnu Schist is visible at Earth's surface?

Where else might you expect to find metamorphic rocks like the Vishnu Schist of the Grand Canyon?

________ describes the range in particle sizes in a detrital sedimentary rock.

Which of the following methods of transportation will result in the coarsest sorting (poorest sorting)?

Which of the following methods of transportation will result in the best degree of sorting?

Which minerals are the main constituents in most sedimentary rocks?

If all the particles in a detrital sedimentary rock are nearly the same size, it is __________.

A smooth grain shaped like a cigar is __________ and shows __________.

Wind-blown sand deposits would most likely be __________ and __________.

Which of the following correlate to transport distance?

A conglomerate is poorly sorted with well-rounded grains. This rock was likely formed in what depositional environment?

Which of the following best describes interbedded gypsum and halite?

________ processes such as evaporation and chemical activity can precipitate chemical sediments.

Name the progression of coal types with increased heat and pressure from burial.

Abundant plant material accumulating in a swampy environment with __________ is required for peat to form.

What coal is soft, black in color, and produces soot upon handling?

How is anthracite produced from bituminous coal?

In the United States, the most common type of coal is __________ and the largest producing state is __________.

Compaction will be the most significant lithification process for which of the following rocks?

During the process that forms sedimentary rocks, how does compaction affect sediment?

The primary basis for classifying detrital rocks is ________ whereas the primary basis for classifying chemical rocks is ________.

Which of the following does not describe the texture of nonclastic chemical sedimentary rocks?

In which depositional environment would breccia form?

Why are the sedimentary layers at Capitol Reef tilted?

Which of the following is a characteristic of a conglomerate?

How does gypsum form?

Which environment of deposition is NOT represented by the rocks in Capitol Reef National Park?

What does the term aeolian mean?

Graded bedding will display particle that are fine near the bottom of the layer and get progressively coarser toward the top.

A ________ marks the end of one episode of sedimentation and the beginning of another.

Which type of sedimentary structure is characteristic of sand dunes?

Sedimentary rocks may contain evidence of past life in the form of fossils. Physical remains of ancient organisms, such as bones and shells, or indirect evidence, such as plant imprints or animal tracks, are preserved as fossils only in very specific conditions. Sedimentary rocks are exposed at the surface more than igneous and metamorphic rocks. Since they contain fossils and other clues about the geologic past, sedimentary rocks are important in the study of Earth's history.In the list below, indicate in which of the environments fossilization is likely to occur. Note that fossils contain organic matter

Volcanic activity in the early history of the Earth is believed to be responsible for much of the CO2 found in the atmosphere.

Which of the following releases CO2 into the atmosphere? Hydrolysis of granite Dissolution of limestone Formation of limestone Formation of coal Formation of sandstone