CH.6

________, a common mineral found in igneous rocks, is the most abundant mineral in detrital sedimentary rocks.

Which major component of detrital sedimentary rocks only rarely occurs as a primary mineral in igneous rocks?

________ cement produces bright-red and yellow colors in some sandstone.

Studies of deep-sea sediment cores have contributed greatly to scientific knowledge of ________.

Which of the following describes the correct order for relative solubility of minerals in sedimentary rocks?

Which statement concerning sedimentary rocks is not true?

Which of the following applies to the basic constituents of halite, gypsum, and sylvite?

Sedimentary rocks account for about what percentage of the Earth's outermost 10 kilometers of rock (first percentage). Also, what percentage of the Earth's continental area is covered by sedimentary rocks (second percentage)?

Detrital grains of which mineral(s) are extremely rare in detrital sediments? Why?

What is the chemical formula for dolomite, the major mineral in dolostones?

Zircon and tourmaline are dense, highly insoluble, chemically stable, minor minerals of igneous and metamorphic rocks. In which sedimentary rock might you expect to find these minerals concentrated?

Compaction is a very important part of the lithification process for which of the following sediments?

mud

Which of the following best describes bedded gypsum and halite?

________ sandstone contains abundant feldspar, suggesting that the sand was derived by weathering and erosion of granitic bedrock.

________ cement produces bright-red and yellow colors in some sandstone.

What is probably the single most important, original, depositional feature in sedimentary rocks?

Which of the following would retain the most detailed impressions of fossilized organisms?

What is a bittern?

________ are further concentrated in a residual brine after NaCl is crystallized.

Which of the following describes the correct order for relative solubility of minerals in sedimentary rocks?

What is the main difference between a conglomerate and a sedimentary breccia?

A graywacke is ________.

Which type of limestone consists mainly of tiny, marine fossils composed of calcite?

________ is not a common cementing agent for sandstones.

Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified (named) based on the ________.

Flint, chert, and jasper are microcrystalline forms of ________.

Which of the following sedimentary rocks would you expect to have originally been deposited by fast-moving streams?

Which type of sediment undergoes the most compaction as it lithifies to sedimentary rocks?

Which of the following sedimentary features would typically be found in shales but not in sandstones?

________ is the most common type of chemical sedimentary rock.

________ is a form of calcium carbonate.

Which one of the following is not a chemical sedimentary rock or evaporite?

Which of the following is not a type of limestone?

Oolitic limestone is most likely to form in what type of depositional environment?

Which of the following sedimentary features can each be used to determine paleocurrent directions?

Coal beds originate in ________.

Which characteristic is absolutely necessary for a sedimentary rock to have potential as a possible reservoir rock for oil or gas?

Nonclastic textures are common in which of the following sedimentary rocks?

Clay and muddy sediments lithify to form shales and mudstones.

Detrital sedimentary rocks have clastic textures.

Peat is thought to be the original material from which coals are formed.

Graywacke sandstones are typically better sorted than sandstones lithified from ancient beach sands.

Clastic particles in a sedimentary breccia are rounded and are about the same size as fine-grained sand.

Many limestones are of biochemical origin.

Boulder conglomerates suggest deposition by strong winds in a desert.

Mud cracks in a shale or mudstone indicate that the mud or clay was deposited in deep waters of an offshore marine environment.

Chalk, coquina, and ancient coral reefs are primarily composed of microcrystalline quartz.

Water is gradually expelled from compacting clay and mud sediments.

The mineral dolomite, which is the major mineral of the sedimentary rock dolostone, is a carbonate of calcium and magnesium.

tThe chemical sedimentary rock, conglomerate, is composed of gravel-size, rounded, calcite oolites.

Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified according to clastic particle size; chemical sedimentary rocks are named according to the most abundant minerals.

A feldspar-rich sandstone is called an arkose.