A & P II (Chapter 22)

The relationship between the pressure and volume of gases is given by: Boyle's law. Henry's law. Carlton's law. Dalton's law.

If the same number of gas molecules is moved from a large container to a smaller one pressure would: decrease. remain the same. increase. shrink the container.

Intrapulmonary pressure is the: pressure within the pleural cavity. pressure within the alveoli of the lungs. negative pressure in the intrapleural space. difference between atmospheric pressure and respiratory pressure.

What happens when the diaphragm contracts? lung size decreases. external intercostal muscles relax. thoracic cavity pressure decreases. thoracic cavity volume decreases.

During quiet expiration: diaphragm relaxes and moves inferiorly. internal intercostal muscles relax. lungs recoil outward. thoracic cavity size decreases.

Which of th following is not a muscle directly involved in deep inspiration? external intercostals. sternocleidomastoid. scalenes. transversus abdominis.

During inspiration, intrapulmonary pressure falls below: atmospheric pressure. intra-alveolar pressure. intrapleural pressure. plueral cavity pressure.

Pneumothorax: results in higher transpulmonary pressure. is caused by a break in the pleural cavity wall. collaspes both lungs. hyperinflates the lungs.

Which of the following does not diminish compliance? factors that block the bronchi. factors that impair the flexibility of the thoracic cage. factors that reduce the natural resilience of the lungs. factors that decrease the surface tension of the fluid film of the alveoli.

Collasped alveoli in newborns: results from low surface tension. causes respiratory distress syndrome. can not be reversed. increases lung compliance.

The most powerful respiratory stimulus for breathing in a healthy person is: loss of oxygen in tissues. increase of carbon dioxide. pH (acidosis). pH (alkalosis).

Respiratory control centers are located in the: midbrain and medulla. medulla and pons. pons and midbrain. upper spinal cord and medulla.

Which of the following would be considered a normal resting breathing rate? 8 - 10 breaths per minute. 12 - 15 breaths per minute. 17 - 20 breaths per minute. 18 - 22 breaths per minute.

Inspiratory center sends nerve impulses to the diaphragm via the: phrenic nerve vagus nerve. accessory nerve. glossophyrangeal nerve.

Another name for the expiratory center would be the: dorsal respiratory group. lateral respiratory group. medial respiratory group. ventral respiratory group.

Which of the following is not an important factor altering ventilation rates? pCO2. pH. pN2 pO2.

Central chemoreceptors are located in the: aortic arch. renal arteries. carotid arteries. fourth ventricle.

Increased CO2 levels in the fourth ventricle will cause: an increased pH due to increased H+ ion concentrations. a decreased pH due to increased HCO3- ion concentrations. a decreased pH due to increased H+ ion concentrations. a decreased pH due to increased HCO3- ion concentrations.

Decreased ventricular pCO2 levels would result in: increased breathing rate and depth. increased bicarbonate ion levels. decreased breathing rate and depth. increased hydrogen ion levels.

Increased blood lactic acid levels would result in a: lowering of blood pH level. central chemoreceptor response. decreased respiratory rate and depth. decreased blood hydrogen ion concentration.

Which of the following are structures that are not part of the respiratory system but play an important role in breathing? nose and external nares. pharynx and larynx. trachea and bronchi. diaphragm and intercostal muscles.

After the tertiary bronchus, the next smaller branch of the respiratory passageway is the: terminal bronchiole. carina. alveolar ducts. respiratory bronchiole.

The pleurae are vital to the integrity of the lungs because: they contain cilia that protect the lungs. they control the volume of the lungs. they maintain the proper temperature of the lungs during sleep. they produce a lubricating serous secretion, allowing the lungs to glide over the thorax wall during breathing.

The respiratory membrane is a combination of: respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts. alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basal lamina. atria and alveolar sacs. respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs.

Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by: humidifying the air before it enters. warming the air before it enters. interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid. protecting the surface of alveoli from dehydration and other environmental variations.

Which of the following is not an alveolar cell type? surfactanct-secreting cells ciliated epithelium. squamous epithelium. alveolar macrophages.

Which of the following is in the correct order: nares >pharynx >larynx >bronchus >trachea. bronchus >trachea >pharynx >larynx >nares. nares >larynx >pharynx >trachea >bronchus. bronchus >trachea >larynx >pharynx >nares

The fluid filled space between the lung serous membranes is called the: parietal pleura. pleural cavity. visceral pleura. serous cavity.

What stucture functions to support the trachea and bronchi but is absent in the bronchioles? collagen. elastin. cartilage. smooth muscle.

Which of the following alveolar cells secretes surfactant? type I cells. squamous epithelium. type II cells. alveolar macrophages.

The _____ zone includes alveoli, while the _______ zone includes bronchioles. conducting / respiratory transport / ventilation respiratory / conducting ventilation / transport

Mucosal surface area in the nasal cavity is increased by the presence of ________. olfactory folds conchae vibrissae cilia

Occasionally food or liquids will "go down the wrong pipe," initiating a cough reflex. Which structural barrier has been breached if this happens? laryngopharynx uvula epiglottis glottis

The respiratory membrane is composed of: alveolar sacs and pulmonary capillaries alveolar wall, capillary wall, and their fused basement membranes fusion of the type I cells and type II cells in the alveoli cells found between the alveolar pores

The air pressure in the alveoli is known as __________. intrapulmonary pressure intrapleural pressure transpulmonary pressure atmospheric pressure

If transpulmonary pressure were to suddenly decrease, how would the lungs respond? lungs would not recoil and air would remain trapped in them lungs would overinflate lungs would immediately collapse lungs would remain unchanged

All of the below are involved in moving air into lungs during inspiration except for __________. diaphragm intrapleural pressure atmospheric pressure internal intercostal muscles

Boyle's law states that _________. pressure of a gas mixture is the sum of partial pressures of its individual gases under low pressure have a lower volume gases are least soluble when they are in liquid pressure of a gas varies inversely with its volume

Even the most forceful exhalation leaves air in the lungs. This is called the ______ and is needed to _______. tidal volume / acquire adequate O2 vital capacity / remove adequate CO2 functional residual capacity / keep alveoli patent residual volume / keep alveoli partially filled

Given an intrapulmonary pressure (Ppul) of 768, what should the intrapleural pressure (Pip) be when the Ppul is at equilibrium with atmospheric pressure (Patm)? 758 760 764 766