Mastering A&P II Chapter 22 - The Respiratory System

Chronic bronchitis is a component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or COPD, in smokers. What is the other main component of this disease? tuberculosis asthma laryngitis emphysema

Viral sinusitis may be caused by a direct extension of an upper respiratory infection involving the __________. pharynx larynx trachea bronchi

The palatine tonsils are found in which of the following regions? oropharynx nasopharynx larynx laryngopharynx

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nasal conchae? increasing the mucosal surface area exposed to air reclaiming heat and moisture from expired air routing air and food into proper channels filtering, heating, and moistening incoming air during inhalation

Which of the following regions contains the opening of a canal that equalizes pressure in the middle ear? larynx oropharynx nasopharynx laryngopharynx

The division between the upper and lower respiratory system is around the nasopharynx. True False

What part of the larynx covers the laryngeal inlet during swallowing to keep food out of the lower respiratory passages? thyroid cartilage epiglottis vocal folds glottis

Which cartilage belonging to the larynx anchors vocal cords? arytenoid cartilage epiglottis cricoid cartilage thyroid cartilage

Which of these cells would be most effective in the ingestion and disposal of microorganisms that may enter the alveoli? alveolar macrophages type II alveolar cells type I alveolar cells lymphocytes in blood circulating through the lungs

What type of epithelial tissue forms the walls of the alveoli? simple cuboidal epithelium stratified squamous epithelium simple squamous epithelium pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

In children with infant respiratory distress syndrome (IRDS), the walls of the alveoli cling to each other and make them difficult to inflate. It is common in babies born prematurely. What cells in these infants are NOT fully developed and are NOT doing their job? endothelial cells of alveolar capillaries type II alveolar cells alveolar macrophages type I alveolar cells

The alveolar ducts are part of the conducting zone. True False

What structure prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea? glottis epiglottis vestibular folds larynx

Which of the following cavities surround(s) the lungs alone? mediastinum thoracic cavity pericardial cavity pleural cavities

Which blood vessels supply oxygenated systemic blood to the lung tissue? pulmonary arteries bronchial arteries pulmonary veins bronchial veins

The indentation on the medial surface of each lung through which pulmonary and systemic blood vessels, bronchi, lymphatic vessels, and nerves enter and leave is called the __________. base cardiac notch hilum apex

Which of the following pressures rises and falls with the phases of breathing but eventually equalizes with the atmospheric pressure? atmospheric pressure intrapulmonary pressure transpulmonary pressure intrapleural pressure

Which of the following pressures must remain negative to prevent lung collapse? transpulmonary pressure intrapulmonary pressure atmospheric pressure intrapleural pressure

Which of the following pressure relationships best illustrates when inspiration will occur? Ppul > Patm Ppul = Patm Ppul < Patm Ppul < Pip

During inspiration, the external intercostal muscles can work to increase the volume changes that drive ventilation. True False

__________ pressure, the difference between the intrapulmonary and intrapleural pressures, prevents the lungs from collapsing. Transthoracic Intra-alveolar Transpulmonary Atmospheric

Quiet inspiration is __________, and quiet expiration is __________. an active process; also an active process a passive process; an active process a passive process; also a passive process an active process; a passive process

Which of the following is NOT a physical factor that influences pulmonary ventilation? alveolar surface tension lung compliance partial pressure of oxygen in the air airway resistance

Which volumes are combined to provide the inspiratory capacity? tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), expiratory reserve volume (ERV), and residual volume (RV) tidal volume (TV) and inspiratory reserve volume (IRV) tidal volume (TV), inspiratory reserve volume (IRV), and expiratory reserve volume (ERV) expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and residual volume (RV)

What is the amount of air that is normally ventilated in one breath? tidal volume inspiratory reserve volume expiratory reserve volume vital capacity

Henry's law of partial pressures states that when a gas is in contact with a liquid, that gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure. True False

What is the most common method of carbon dioxide transport? dissolved in the plasma as bicarbonate ions in the plasma chemically bound to hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin chemically bound to hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin

If your core temperature becomes colder, it is more difficult for oxygen to dissociate with hemoglobin at any PO2. True False

Which form of hypoxia reflects poor O2 delivery resulting from too few RBCs or from RBCs that contain abnormal or too little hemoglobin? histotoxic hypoxia hypoxemic hypoxia ischemic (stagnant) hypoxia anemic hypoxia

Which form of CO2 transport accounts for the least amount of CO2 transported in blood? as bicarbonate ion in plasma as carbon monoxide in plasma dissolved in plasma chemically bound to hemoglobin

Which of the following is the primary factor in oxygen's attachment to, or release from, hemoglobin? temperature partial pressure of oxygen blood pH partial pressure of carbon dioxide

What is the primary form in which oxygen is carried in blood? chemically bound to hemoglobin as a bicarbonate ion in plasma dissolved in plasma as carbonic acid in plasma

Which of the following initiate(s) inspiration? midbrain pontine respiratory centers ventral respiratory group (VRG) dorsal respiratory group (DRG)

Which of the following modifies and smoothes the respiratory pattern? pontine respiratory centers diencephalon ventral respiratory group (VRG) dorsal respiratory group (DRG)

Which of the following stimuli is the most powerful respiratory stimulant to increase respiration? rising carbon dioxide levels a rise in body temperature arterial pH an increase in blood pH

Which of the following inhibits/reduces the respiratory rate? elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood a rise in body temperature partial pressure of oxygen below 60 millimeters of mercury at chemoreceptors stimulation of stretch receptors in the lungs

Which of the following conditions or scenarios increases the respiratory rate? a drop in carbon dioxide levels in the blood acidosis alkalosis an increase in partial pressure of oxygen

Which of the following arterial blood levels is the most powerful respiratory stimulant? low CO2 level low oxygen level rising CO2 levels arterial pH

What is the most powerful respiratory stimulant in a healthy person? arterial blood oxygen level oxygen needs of cells arterial blood pH arterial blood carbon dioxide level