Chapter 22: Respiratory System

Which of the following processes is NOT properly matched with its description? a.) transport of respiratory gases: hemoglobin binds O2 b.) pulmonary ventilation: bulk movement of gases c.) external respiration: CO2 diffuses into the blood stream d.) internal respiration: O2 diffuses out of the blood

Jane had been suffering through a severe cold and was complaining of a frontal headache and a dull, aching pain at the side of her face. What regions are likely to become sites of secondary infection following nasal infection? a.) The oral cavity and larynx b.) The paranasal sinuses c.) The larynx and trachea d.) The lower respiratory tract e.) The oral cavity

Which of the following plays a role in removing particles such as dust from inspired air? a.) ciliated mucous lining in the nose b.) porous structure of turbinate bones c.) abundant blood supply to nasal mucosa d.) action of the epiglottis

The main site of gas exchange is the ________. a.) alveolar sacs b.) respiratory bronchiole c.) alveoli d.) alveolar duct

The respiratory membrane is a combination of ________. a.) respiratory bronchioles and alveolar sacs b.) atria and alveolar sacs c.) respiratory bronchioles and alveolar ducts d.) alveolar and capillary walls and their fused basement membranes

Which of the following is a conducting zone structure? a.) alveolar duct b.) alveolar sac c.) terminal bronchiole d.) respiratory bronchiole

Which of the choices below is NOT a role of the pleurae? a.) allow the lungs to easily glide easily over the thorax wall during breathing movements b.) help limit the spread of local infections c.) assist in blood flow to and from the heart because the heart sits between the lungs d.) help divide the thoracic cavity into three chambers

During pleurisy, the inflamed parietal pleura of one lung rubs against the inflamed ______. a.) thoracic wall b.) parietal pleura of the other lung c.) visceral pleura of the same lung d.) visceral pleura of the other lung

During inhalation, a.) oxygen molecules move into the lungs, and carbon dioxide molecules move out of the lungs. b.) air moves up the trachea. c.) the diaphragm relaxes. d.) the diaphragm and rib muscles contract. e.) the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases.

From which structures do oxygen molecules move from the lungs to the blood? a.) bronchioles b.) Alveoli c.) Trachea d.) Nose e.) Bronchi f.) Submit

In pneumothorax, the lung collapses because ______. a.) intrapleural pressure is lower than transpulmonary pressure b.) intrapleural pressure is higher than intrapulmonary pressure c.) intrapulmonary pressure is lower than transpulmonary pressure d.) intrapulmonary pressure is higher than atmospheric pressure

In babies born prematurely, pulmonary surfactant may not be present in adequate amounts ______. a.) in the conducting zone structures of the lungs b.) due to insufficient exocytosis in the type II alveolar cells c.) to permit adequate surface tension in the alveoli d.) because the presence of collapsed alveoli prevents surfactant production

The major nonelastic source of resistance to air flow in the respiratory passageways is ________. a.) air pressure b.) friction c.) surfactant d.) surface tension

Which of the following descriptions accurately describes Boyle's law? a.) The partial pressure of a gas in the air you breathe in is equal to the total atmospheric pressure times the fractional concentration of the gas. b.) How well a gas dissolves in a liquid such as blood depends on both its partial pressure and its solubility. c.) The pressure of gas in your lungs is inversely proportional to the volume in your lungs.

Which muscles, when contracted, would increase the volume of air in the thoracic cavity? a.) diaphragm and external intercostals b.) diaphragm and internal intercostals c.) internal intercostals and external oblique

Which pressure is the result of the natural tendency of the lungs to decrease their size (because of elasticity) and the opposing tendency of the thoracic wall to pull outward and enlarge the lungs? a.) intrapulmonary pressure b.) intrapleural pressure c.) atmospheric pressure

During an allergic reaction, which of the following would aid respiration? a.) acetylcholine (ACh) b.) histamine c.) an increase in the parasympathetic nervous system d.) epinephrine

If the transpulmonary pressure equals zero, what will happen to the lung? a.) lung volume will stay the same b.) lungs will collapse c.) lungs will inflate

Minute Ventilation (definition/formula)

Inspiratory Capacity (definition/formula)

Which of the following findings consistently matches pulmonary function with problems with ventilation? a.) A person with a decreased FVC and a normal FEV1 has a restrictive disorder. b.) A person with decreased FVC and increased FEV1 has an obstructive disorder. c.) A person with a decreased FVC and FEV1 has an obstructive disorder. d.) A person with a FEV1 below 80% has a restrictive disorder.

The local matching of blood flow with ventilation is ________. a.) the Bohr effect b.) ventilation-perfusion coupling c.) the Haldane effect d.) chloride shifting

The law that applies to the amount of CO2 you could dissolve in a soda is called ________ law. a.) Boyle's b.) Dalton's c.) Murphy's d.) Henry's

Henry's Law

During pneumonia, the lungs become "waterlogged"; this means that within the alveoli there is an abnormal accumulation of ______. a.) blood b.) blood plasma c.) interstitial fluid d.) water

Emphysema can result in an ______. a.) increased level of carbaminohemoglobin b.) increased level of deoxyhemoglobin c.) increased likelihood of the skin of Caucasians developing a slightly blue coloration d.) All of the listed responses are correct.

Dalton's Law

Which of the choices below determines the direction of respiratory gas movement? a.) the temperature b.) molecular weight and size of the gas molecule c.) partial pressure gradient d.) solubility in water

Which of the following processes are unique to the respiratory system? a.) external and internal respiration b.) pulmonary ventilation and external respiration c.) pulmonary ventilation and internal respiration d.) pulmonary ventilation and transport of respiratory gases

Which of the following is(are) obstructive conditions? a.) emphysema and an acute asthma attack b.) exercise c.) an acute asthma attack d.) emphysema

Which of the following resulted in an increase in tidal volume above the normal value? a.) acute asthma attack plus inhaler b.) moderate exercise c.) moderate exercise, acute asthma attack plus inhaler and emphysema d.) emphysema

Which of the disorders below is characterized by destruction of the walls of the alveoli producing abnormally large air spaces that remain filled with air during exhalation? a.) coryza b.) pneumonia c.) emphysema d.) tuberculosis

The erythrocyte (red blood cell) count increases after a while when an individual goes from a low to a high altitude because the ________. a.) temperature is lower at higher altitudes b.) basal metabolic rate is higher at high altitudes c.) concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is higher at higher altitudes d.) concentration of oxygen and/or total atmospheric pressure is lower at high altitudes

Which of the following is correct regarding acclimatization? a.) At high altitudes, hemoglobin's affinity for O2 is increased because BPG concentrations increase. b.) When blood O2 levels decline, the kidneys produce more erythropoietin, which stimulates breakdown of red blood cells in the spleen. c.) High-altitude conditions always result in lower-than-normal hemoglobin saturation levels because less O2 is available to be loaded. d.) Decreases in arterial PO2 cause the peripheral chemoreceptors to become less responsive to increases in PCO2.

What is the most common method of carbon dioxide transport? a.) dissolved in the plasma b.) chemically bound to hemoglobin as carbaminohemoglobin c.) chemically bound to hemoglobin as oxyhemoglobin d.) as bicarbonate ions in the plasma

Which form of CO2 transport accounts for the least amount of CO2 transported in blood? a.) chemically bound to hemoglobin b.) as bicarbonate ion in plasma c.) dissolved in plasma d.) as carbon monoxide in plasma

With the Bohr effect, more oxygen is released because a(n) ________. a.) decrease in pH (acidosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond b.) decrease in pH (acidosis) strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond c.) increase in pH (alkalosis) strengthens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond d.) increase in pH (alkalosis) weakens the hemoglobin-oxygen bond

According to the oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve, PO2 in the lungs of 100 mm Hg results in Hb being 98% saturated. At high altitude, there is less O2. At a PO2 in the lungs of 80 mm Hg, Hb would be ________ saturated. a.) 98% b.) 95% c.) 100% d.) less than 50%

Which of the following is an appropriate response to carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning? a.) slow breathing into a paper bag b.) immediate application of bicarbonate ions to facilitate removal of CO from Hb c.) hyperbaric oxygen chamber to increase PO2 and clear CO from the body d.) hyperventilation to exhale CO from the body

Which of the following does NOT influence hemoglobin saturation? a.) BPG b.) nitric oxide c.) temperature d.) partial pressure of carbon dioxide

Which of the following stimuli is the most powerful respiratory stimulant to increase respiration? a.) a rise in body temperature b.) arterial pH c.) rising carbon dioxide levels d.) an increase in blood pH

Which of the following initiate(s) inspiration? a.) ventral respiratory group (VRG) b.) dorsal respiratory group (DRG) c.) pontine respiratory centers d.) midbrain

Which of the following inhibits/reduces the respiratory rate? a.) partial pressure of oxygen below 60 millimeters of mercury at chemoreceptors b.) a rise in body temperature c.) stimulation of stretch receptors in the lungs d.) elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood

What is the most powerful respiratory stimulant in a healthy person? a.) arterial blood carbon dioxide level b.) oxygen needs of cells c.) arterial blood pH d.) arterial blood oxygen level

How will the lungs compensate for an acute rise in the partial pressure of CO2 in arterial blood? a.) Respiratory rate will increase. b.) Respiratory rate will decrease. c.) Respiratory depth will decrease and respiratory rate will increase. d.) Respiratory depth will decrease. e.) Respiratory depth and respiratory rate will decrease.

Respiratory control centers are located in the ________. a.) medulla and pons b.) midbrain and medulla c.) upper spinal cord and medulla d.) pons and midbrain