In North America, which of the following populations is most susceptible to deficiencies of B vitamins?
Vegans
Pregnant women
Preschoool children
Alcoholics
answer
d)
question
Biotin absorption is inhibited by
copper.
oxalate.
phytate.
avidin.
answer
d)
question
Vitamin B-12 is supplied almost entirely by:
whole grain cereals and legumes.
vegetables and fruits.
animal products.
human intestinal bacteria.
answer
c)
question
Higher intake of which of the following minerals is associated with lowered blood pressure?
Chloride
Potassium
Cadmium
Sodium
answer
b)
question
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense source of potassium?
Skim milk
White bread
Canola oil
Squash
answer
d)
question
Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense source of iron?
Flour tortilla
Beef
Skim milk
Apple
answer
b)
question
Consistently consuming raw egg whites, as in a daily high-protein drink, can bind and result in a deficiency of this vitamin.
biotin
pantothenic acid
vitamin B-6
folate
answer
a)
question
The foods that provide the largest source of riboflavin in the American diet are
whole grain cereals.
dark green leafy vegetables.
milk and dairy products.
meats.
answer
c)
question
The most bioavailable sources of calcium are:
protein foods.
vegetables.
milk and other dairy products.
grains.
answer
c)
question
The ability of the skin to synthesize vitamin D is decreased by:
excessive dietary calcium intake.
excessive dietary phosphorus intake.
the use of a tanning bed.
the use of sunscreen.
answer
d)
question
Blood calcium concentration is regulated at the level of the
kidneys.
intestines.
bones.
All of these choices are correct.
answer
d)
question
When a cell membrane is damaged by free radicals, which specific component of the cell membrane is damaged?
Saturated fat
Phospholipid
Polysaccharide
Cholesterol
answer
b)
question
George wants to increase his consumption of vitamin A for the possible cancer risk-reducing effects. Which of the following foods should he choose?
Pears
Spinach
Potato
Salmon
answer
b)
question
Most vitamin A is stored in the
adipose tissue.
liver.
kidneys.
small intestine.
answer
b)
question
Worldwide, the most prevalent nutrient deficiency is of
iron.
iodine.
zinc.
copper.
answer
a)
question
Vitamin C enhances the absorption of
vitamin A.
zinc.
iron.
vitamin E.
answer
c)
question
Niacin is necessary to prevent the disease
beriberi.
pellagra.
scurvy.
pernicious anemia.
answer
b)
question
______ is important for blood health because it is a component of several iron-transport proteins.
Zinc
Copper
Magnesium
Folate
answer
b)
question
Water constitutes ______ percent of body weight.
75 to 95
25 to 45
50 to 70
10 to 20
answer
c)
question
Generally, ______ are the best sources of folate
milk and dairy products
green leafy vegetables
fruits
poultry and seafood
answer
b)
question
Which of the following is true about the absorption, transport, and storage of fat-soluble vitamins?
Excessive intakes are readily excreted via the kidneys.
They enter the bloodstream directly from the small intestine.
Fat in the digestive contents is not important for their absorption.
They are stored in the liver and fatty tissue.
answer
d)
question
The difference between osteopenia and osteoporosis is
the bone loss of patients with osteopenia is not as severe as that of patients with osteoporosis.
osteopenia is caused by one's heredity whereas osteoporosis is caused by one's lifestyle.
osteopenia can be cured whereas osteoporosis is irreversible.
the bone loss of patients with osteopenia is worse than that of patients with osteoporosis.
answer
a)
question
________is important in the synthesis of thyroid hormone. A lack of it will lead to a goiter.
Iodine
Fluoride
Chloride
Chromium
answer
a)
question
Pernicious anemia is related to impaired absorption of
copper.
folate.
iron.
vitamin B-12.
answer
d)
question
Cell membranes are susceptible to damage by free radicals because
they have so many unpaired electrons.
they contain many saturated fatty acids.
they are the site of cellular respiration.
they contain many polyunsaturated fatty acids.
answer
d)
question
Vitamin E functions as
an antioxidant.
a coenzyme.
an enzyme.
a hormone.
answer
a)
question
The nutrient essential for the synthesis of several blood clotting factors is
vitamin A.
vitamin C.
vitamin K.
vitamin E.
answer
c)
question
Yellow-orange vegetables and fruits, such as squash and apricots, are important sources of
vitamin C.
vitamin D.
vitamin A.
vitamin E.
answer
c)
question
Calcium absorption is increased by
tannins in tea and some legumes.
foods high in oxalates such as sweet potatoes, collard greens, spinach, and rhubarb.
high caffeine intake and large intakes of phytic acid.
foods that contain vitamin D and lactose.
answer
d)
question
The B vitamins
protect the cells from damage by free radicals.
provide strength and stability to bones.
facilitate chemical reactions that yield energy from macronutrients.
can be broken down to yield about 4 kcal per gram.
answer
c)
question
Which of the following is true about the forms of vitamin A?
Carotenoids can be converted to retinoids.
Retinoids are found in plant foods.
Retinoids can be converted to carotenoids.
Carotenoids are found in animal foods.
answer
a)
question
Drying of the cornea due to vitamin A deficiency is called
dysphagia.
xerophthalmia.
apnea.
cachexia.
answer
b)
question
The amount of iron in the body is mostly regulated by
metabolism in the liver.
excretion in the urine.
synthesis in the skin.
absorption in the small intestine.
answer
d)
question
Water regulates body temperature through heat loss via
conduction.
evaporation.
radiation.
respiration.
answer
b)
question
Too much ______ can cause discoloration (mottling) of the teeth.
copper
selenium
iron
fluoride
answer
d)
question
The childhood deficiency disease for vitamin D is called
osteopenia.
osteomalacia.
osteoporosis.
rickets.
answer
d)
question
What is magnesium's primary function?
It transports calcium in the blood.
It maintains mucus production in the digestive tract.
It is important for nerve and heart function.
It is important in hemoglobin synthesis.
answer
c)
question
The most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet is
fortified milk.
yellow squash.
whole-grain cereals.
poultry.
answer
a)
question
Adequate intakes of ______ support optimal bone health.
calcium, vitamin D, and protein
sodium, phosphorus, and vitamin C
protein, iron, and vitamin B-6
vitamin E, folate, and protein
answer
a)
question
In the body, 99 percent of calcium is found in
bones and teeth.
nerve cells.
intracellular fluid.
the liver.
answer
a)
question
Immediately after absorption from the small intestine, fat-soluble vitamins appear in the lymph as part of
phospholipids.
HDLs.
VLDLs.
chylomicrons.
answer
d)
question
Which of the following is the best food source of riboflavin?
Carrots
Milk
Canola oil
Lean ham
answer
b)
question
Thiamin is distributed in small amounts in many foods. The most nutrient-dense source of thiamin is
pork.
whole grain cereals.
dark green vegetables.
milk.
answer
a)
question
Elevated blood pressure has been linked to excess intake of
calcium and vitamin D.
sodium and chloride.
magnesium and potassium.
sodium and potassium.
answer
b)
question
The best vitamin B-6 food sources include
meat, fish, and poultry.
deep yellow/orange fruits and vegetables
.enriched breads and cereals
.milk and dairy products.
answer
a)
question
The mineral that gives hardness to teeth and bones is
fluoride.
copper.
selenium.
zinc.
answer
a)
question
Antioxidants
donate electrons to free radicals.
damage cell membranes.
speed the rate of chemical reactions.
promote the formation of free radicals.
answer
a)
question
Active transport of ______ from the lumen of the intestine into the cells lining the intestine facilitates absorption of water from the gastrointestinal tract.
amino acids
sodium
phosphorus
glucose
answer
b)
question
A typical serving of which food provides the most vitamin A?
Yellow squash
Egg
Liver
Apricot
answer
c)
question
An important role of vitamin K is the synthesis of
visual pigments.
alpha-tocopherol.
clotting factors.
retinol.
answer
c)
question
Vitamin C and meat protein ______ nonheme iron absorption.
increase
do not change
decrease
answer
a)
question
Vitamin D regulates
energy metabolism.
oxidation and reduction reactions.
blood calcium levels.
fluid balance.
answer
c)
question
Mucus and synovial (joint) fluid exemplify water's role as a
transport medium.
solvent.
lubricant.
participant in chemical reactions.
answer
c)
question
Vitamin ______ can be produced in the skin in response to ultraviolet light.
A
D
C
E
answer
b)
question
The childhood disease rickets is due to a deficiency of
vitamin K.
vitamin A.
vitamin C.
vitamin D.
answer
d)
question
In general, the richest sources of vitamin E are
refined grain products.
citrus fruits.
yellow and orange vegetables.
plant oils.
answer
d)
question
Consuming adequate ______ during pregnancy can help prevent neural tube defects, such as spina bifida.
folate
riboflavin
niacin
vitamin B-6
answer
a)
question
Symptoms of ______ deficiency include glossitis, dermatitis, cheilosis, eye disorders, sun sensitivity, and confusion.
folate
riboflavin
thiamin
niacin
answer
b)
question
Which of the B vitamins contains cobalt?
Vitamin B-12
Vitamin B-6
Thiamin
Niacin
answer
a)
question
Pellagra is characterized by
dermatitis.
dementia.
All of the choices are correct.
diarrhea.
answer
c)
question
A disease that involves fat malabsorption could lead to
scurvy.
pellagra.
beriberi.
osteomalacia.
answer
d)
question
The nutrient that can be considered both a vitamin and a hormone is
vitamin E.
vitamin A.
niacin.
vitamin D.
answer
d)
question
Formation and maintenance of collagen require
folate.
vitamin C.
pantothenic acid.
thiamin.
answer
b)
question
In North America, iron-deficiency anemia would be least likely in a
12-year-old girl who is having a growth spurt.
3-year-old boy who is a picky eater.
55-year-old postmenopausal woman.
9-month-old baby boy who has recently started eating solid foods.
answer
c)
question
Which of the following is an antioxidant?
Vitamin C
Vitamin B-6
Thiamin
Biotin
answer
a)
question
Beriberi is caused by a _______________ deficiency.
thiamin
niacin
choline
vitamin B-6
answer
a)
question
A goiter may form as a consequence of an inadequate intake of
iodine.
magnesium.
sodium.
copper.
answer
a)
question
Which of the following describes fat-soluble vitamins?
They form coenzymes that participate in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fat, and protein.
They are readily stored in the body.
They are absorbed directly from the GI tract into the blood via the hepatic portal vein.
Excesses are excreted in the urine.
answer
b)
question
B vitamins
serve as coenzymes in metabolic reactions.
are very stable during food processing.
regulate mineral absorption.
are stored in adipose tissue.
answer
a)
question
Which of the following is an example of a fat-soluble vitamin?
Vitamin A
Vitamin B-12
Riboflavin
Vitamin B-6
answer
a)
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