Nutrition Final

An example of cognitive restructuring for weight control is

Which of the following is true about fat?

When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ for men warrants an obesity diagnosis.

Margaret's parents are both obese. She has dieted six times, each time losing a considerable amount of weight and subsequently regaining it. Margaret has an aversion to exercise. Which of the following is true about Margaret's situation?

How would you interpret the body mass index for a woman who is 1.63 meters tall and weighs 72 kilograms?

Which of the following is true about basal metabolism?

The major cause of obesity in North America is low thyroid gland activity.

The method for determining energy expenditure in which the amount of oxygen a person uses is measured is called

Rapid weight loss likely contributes to the loss of considerable muscle tissue.

As one finds his or her weight loss slowing during a weight control program, the best practice is to

All of the following are true about contributors to energy expenditure except

Mary Sue wishes to lose 5 pounds before her vacation in approximately 5 weeks. Her average consumption is 2,100 kcalories. How many kcalories should she consume daily to lose this weight, assuming her activity pattern remains unchanged?

Health problems related to obesity begin when a person's body mass index (BMI) exceeds 30 kg/m2.

What is usually the major factor that explains variability in the energy needs of two healthy men of similar age and size?

A significant health risk from obesity is

Bill expends 2,500 kcalories per day. What amount of kcalories will be from basal metabolism?

The thermal effect of food

All of the following statements about many popular diets are true except

Altering the environment to minimize the stimuli for eating is called

The body's set point has been suggested to be

Daily food choices rich in dietary fiber contribute to weight control.

Which of the following is not a major goal for weight control programs?

Which of the following is not associated with an increase in basal metabolism?

All of the following contribute to total energy expenditure except

What would be the approximate weight gain, in pounds, of a person who consumes an excess of 500 kcalories daily for one month?

A daily deficit of 500 kcalories should result in a weight loss of about how many pounds per week?

The best way to treat an underweight person is to advise him or her to

Physical activity

What percentage of a day's total energy need is used for digesting, absorbing, transporting, and storing nutrients?

Two self-help groups that would be helpful with weight control efforts include

Which of the following is not true about android obesity?

Carol eats 800 kcalories a day to lose weight. She is 40 years old. Carol has been walking briskly 60 minutes daily for the past 2 months. In her younger days she lifted weights, but she has lost considerable lean body mass over the years because of inactivity. Recently, Carol was diagnosed with hypothyroidism, which lowers metabolism. Which of the following factors increases Carol's energy output and promotes weight loss?

The energy required to keep the resting body alive represents basal metabolism

The MyPyramid calorie guideline for a 19- to 30-year-old active woman is

When attempting to use body fat content to define obesity, body fat above ____ for women warrants an obesity diagnosis.

Basal metabolism is the energy expended

All of the following are true about contributors to energy expenditure except

The kcalorie cost of the thermic effect of food is ___ of energy consumed.

Bill consumes 2,500 kcalories per day. What would be his energy expenditure, in kcalories, from the thermic effect of food?

Thermogenesis refers to all of the following except

Which of the following is true about obesity in North America?

What is usually the major factor that explains variability in the energy needs of two healthy men of similar age and size?

Xenical is a weight loss drug that works in the digestive system

Which of the following is not characteristic of a fad diet?

Currently, the most common and effective surgical procedure for morbid obesity is

Body weight in kilograms divided by height squared in meters yields

A major problem with a very low-fat diet is

Which of the following is not a way to estimate body fat?

Android obesity is associated with a higher incidence of all the following except

Orlistat (Xenical) is a medication approved by the FDA for weight loss that reduces fat

As one finds his or her weight loss slowing during a weight control program, the best practice is to

Which of the following is an important aspect of behavior modification used for weight control?

The body's set point has been suggested to be

Which of the following is true about use of diet pills for weight reduction?

When individuals lose weight quickly, most of the weight lost is from

Changing one's frame of mind related to weight control and nutrition is called

A woman who consumes 1800 nutrient-dense kcals per day and expends 2300 kcals per day with the help of moderate physical activity

A reliable approach for weight loss is to

Eating a low-fat diet for weight control is impractical.

You can lose 1 pound of stored fat each week by expending 200 kcals per day beyond your normal energy output

Niacin is necessary to prevent the disease

Which statement about vitamins is true?

Which of the following is true about the regulation of the production and sale of vitamin and mineral supplements?

Thiamin is distributed in small amounts in many foods. A nutrient-dense source of thiamin is

Which fat-soluble vitamin is important for the health of epithelial cells because it promotes mucus production?

The nutrient that can be considered both a vitamin and a hormone is

The vitamin that functions as a coenzyme, particularly in carbohydrate metabolism, is

The foods that provide the largest source of riboflavin in the American diet are

Scurvy can be prevented with adequate intakes of

All of the following are true of B vitamins except

Which of the following is true about the intake of vitamins?

Which of the following is NOT a good source of vitamin D?

This vitamin, when consumed during pregnancy, can help prevent neural tube defects like spina bifida.

If a supplement label includes a structure/function claim, it also must include

Which of the following does not describe fat-soluble vitamins?

The most reliable source of vitamin D in the diet is

Intestinal bacteria can make this B vitamin in adequate amounts to meet human needs.

What disease is caused by a thiamin deficiency?

Some segments of the population especially benefit from routine use of a vitamin and mineral supplement.

George wants to increase his consumption of vitamin A for the possible cancer risk-reducing effects. Which of the following foods should he choose?

Which fat soluble vitamins are most toxic if consumed in excess amounts over long periods of time?

Efficient deposition of calcium and phosphorus in bones is the net effect of

Most vitamin A is stored in the

Fat-soluble vitamins are generally lost more easily in cooking than are the water-soluble vitamins

Vitamin D is unique among the vitamins because

Which of the following serves as an antioxidant in cell membranes, protecting them and DNA inside cells, from damage?

Which of the following is true about the absorption, transport, and storage of fat-soluble vitamins?

"Let the Upper Level be your guide" suggests that any supplement use should at least exceed the upper level set for the nutrient.

Drying of the cornea due to vitamin A deficiency is called

Because numerous studies support the efficacy of vitamin E supplementation, health experts routinely recommend supplements of 200 milligrams (400 IU) per day

All of the following are true about the toxicity of vitamin A except

All of the following are characteristic of vitamin D except

The vitamin that prevents beriberi is

The B vitamins generally function as

Megadoses are defined as vitamin intake ________ times the estimated human need to prevent a deficiency.

Beta-carotene is an important precursor of vitamin D.

The best sources of carotenoids include

The first option in ensuring an adequate intake of vitamins and minerals is

Which of the following is true about the intake of vitamins?

Water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins differ in which way?

If you wanted to add significant quantities of vitamins and minerals to your diet from the food you eat, a good choice would be

Which of the following is true about the regulation of the production and sale of vitamin and mineral supplements?

Which of the following does not describe fat-soluble vitamins?

Which of the following is true about the forms of vitamin A?

Which of the following is the best source of preformed vitamin A?

Which of the following is converted to vitamin A in the body?

The childhood disease rickets is due to a _______ deficiency.

Which of the following serves as an antioxidant in cell membranes, protecting them and DNA inside cells, from damage?

A rich source of vitamin E is

The nutrient essential for synthesis of several blood clotting factors is vitamin

In general, excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins are excreted via the

The vitamin that functions as a coenzyme, particularly in carbohydrate metabolism, is

Thiamin is distributed in small amounts in many foods. A nutrient-dense source of thiamin is

What disease is caused by a thiamin deficiency?

Bill's physician has prescribed an intake of 200 milligrams nicotinic acid (a form of niacin) to attempt to preserve his health. Which of the following is true about nicotinic acid consumption?

The vitamin that aids in activating fatty acids so they can yield energy is

A pantothenic acid deficiency

Intestinal bacteria can make this B vitamin in adequate amounts to meet human needs.

Which B-vitamin is required for amino acid metabolism?

The best vitamin B6 food sources include

Vitamins involved in red blood cell synthesis are

Generally, good folate sources are

Acquiring sufficient vitamin B12 from the diet may be a problem to vegans because

If a supplement label includes a structure/function claim, it also must include

Formation and maintenance of collagen requires

Which of the following is an antioxidant?

Older people who exhibit anemia may have a vitamin B-12 deficiency.

Because numerous studies support the efficacy of vitamin E supplementation, health experts routinely recommend supplements of 200 milligrams (400 IU) per day.

Intakes as little as three times needs for vitamin A may be toxic, especially in early pregnancy.

Fat-soluble vitamins are generally lost more easily in cooking than are the water-soluble vitamins

Potassium is found in the largest quantities in

The most nutrient-dense calcium food source is

Water constitutes ______ percent of body weight.

Joe is a wrestler and during his workouts he loses 2 pounds. How much water would he have to drink to replenish this water weight loss?

"Major" minerals are more important to health than "trace" minerals.

Which of the following is not true about the regulation of fluid in the body?

We get most of the sulfur in our diet from

Hypertension is defined as a systolic/diastolic blood pressure at or above ____ mm Hg.

Potassium performs all the following functions except which one?

In women, bone loss begins around age

The two most significant extracellular ions are

Plant foods are usually the best source of minerals

Which of the following would have the most sodium?

Which would you expect to furnish the largest amount of calcium?

Adult women need how much total water intake per day?

A reduced sense of taste is associated with a deficiency of

In the body, 99 percent of calcium is found in

Which of the following is true about mineral bioavailability?

Copper's functions consist of all the following except

Intracellular water volume depends primarily on the concentration of

The typical American diet contains approximately ___ mgs of sodium.

The best food source of iron is

Enriched grains contain less of many trace minerals than whole grains.

Phosphorus functions in all the following ways except which one?

The mineral that is least likely to be deficient in the American diet is

Which of the following statements does not describe the role of minerals in the body?

Which of the following is the best copper source?

The best zinc source is

The amount of iron in the body is mostly regulated by

Which of the following is not a function of calcium?

A mineral that has antioxidant functions and has been suggested to reduce cancer risk is

The mineral that gives hardness to teeth and bones is

Manganese functions as

Which of the following statements is true about iron?

This mineral can be protective for the teeth when introduced into the water supply; however it can cause tooth mottling when consumed in high quantities.

When water evaporates from your skin, you feel cooler because evaporating water takes heat energy with it.

Magnesium is provided in the diet primarily by

The best-absorbed iron source is found in which of the following foods?

Milk is a poor source of

The major chloride source in the diet is

What is magnesium's primary function?

The exclusive role of calcium in the body is to contribute to bone development.

A goiter may form as a consequence of an inadequate intake of

Certain vitamins need minerals to help perform their metabolic functions.

Plant foods are usually the best sources of minerals.

The Beverage Guidance System recommends that fluids should provide ______ of total calories consumed.

Minerals are classified in which way?

Lowering blood pressure is associated with which of the following minerals?

A severe iodide deficiency during early pregnancy may result in an infant afflicted with

Which of the following is true about selenium?

Consumption of a diet high in salt by a healthy individual will

The AI for sodium for those under 51 years of age is

Oxalic acid can inhibit the absorption of

According to the RDA, the mineral that you need in the largest amount is

Which of the following food combinations would provide the most phosphorus?

Which of the following statements is true about iron?

A suboptimal intake of chromium in individuals in the United States may be linked to

You can survive longer without food than without water.

When water evaporates from your skin, you feel cooler because evaporating water takes heat energy with it.

Certain vitamins need minerals to help perform their metabolic functions.

Sodium is often added to processed foods

The exclusive role of calcium in the body is to contribute to bone development.

Which of the following supplies energy for quick bursts of intense activity lasting up to one minute?

Athletes who consume adequate carbohydrates experience all of the following except:

The conversion of glucose to lactic acid is called:

Aerobic glucose breakdown provides most of the energy for sports activities lasting:

Which of the following is a good pre-event meal?

A pre-event meal should:

Protein supplies approximately __________ percent of a human's typical energy needs.

A 120-pound woman is attempting to be a bodybuilder so she would like to gain large quantities of muscle mass. Her daily protein intake should be how many grams?

For aerobic glucose breakdown to take place, two- and three-carbon fragments must enter which cell organelle to be metabolized into carbon dioxide and water?

Carbohydrate loading involves which of the following:

The training effect, in which individuals experience improvements in physical fitness as they continue a regular exercise regimen, is a product of all of the following except:

Neil is a football player. We can tell whether he is getting enough calories by all the following except:

To help maintain adequate glycogen stores, an endurance athlete should eat:

Anorexia nervosa sufferers:

All of the following are true about bulimia except:

Downy hair that grows on the body to counteract the heat loss associated with a lack of insulating subcutaneous fat is/are called:

Criteria for diagnosing anorexia nervosa include all the following except:

A food typically chosen for a bulimic binge:

Prevention of eating disorders might include any of the following except:

All of the following are negative effects of vomiting except:

The semistarvation of anorexia nervosa results in all the following physiological changes except:

Which of the following is characteristic of bulimics?

Criteria for diagnosing bulimia nervosa includes all the following except:

What is the name of the condition characterized by disordered eating, lack of menstrual periods, and osteoporosis?

A difference between anorexics and bulimics is that:

Which of the following is not a benefit of physical fitness?

What is the name of the high energy compound that cells use directly to fuel other chemical reactions?

ATP and phosphocreatine are major energy sources for events lasting how long?

The difference between aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis is

Anaerobic glucose breakdown provides most of the energy for sports activities lasting

The training effect, in which individuals experience improvements in physical fitness as they continue a regular exercise regimen, is a product of all of the following except

If an athlete's body fat level is too high, what is the best weight loss approach?

Bart is a wrestler. His weight is regularly higher than the weight class he would like to wrestle in. What should he do?

A meal representative of what an endurance athlete should eat before an event is

Carbohydrate loading

For which of the following activities would carbohydrate loading be warranted?

The protein intake per day for a muscle-building athlete should be _____ grams per kilogram body weight.

Which of the following is true about the protein intake for athletes?

To preserve iron status, a female athlete should do all of the following except

If a woman athlete is not menstruating regularly, she should do all the following except

The best way to determine how much fluid must be replaced as a result of a workout is to

For every pound lost during a workout, cup(s) of water should be consumed during or after exercise.

Joe loses 7 pounds during basketball practice. How many cups of water must he consume to replenish this loss?

All of the following are good practices to keep well hydrated except

Which of the following does not have an ergogenic effect according to your text?

Which of the following supposedly speeds the removal of lactic acid from contracting muscles?

Which of the following supposedly increases free fatty acids in the blood?

Anabolic steroid use may cause all of the following side effects except

A physically active lifestyle may reduce the risk of all the following except

A regular physical activity program should include all the following except

A well-tolerated exercise for overweight people is

The use of sports drinks is critical for activities lasting

A good sports drink contains all the following except

All of the following are true about sports drinks except

All of the following are true of anorexia nervosa except

Anorexia nervosa sufferers

Which characteristic is more indicative of bulimia than anorexia nervosa?

Which of the following is not a sign or symptom of night eating syndrome?

All of the following can initiate the problem of anorexia nervosa except

Night eating syndrome is characterized by evening hyperphagia which is defined as

All of the following are true of an anorexic person who falls below 75 percent of normal body weight except

A person with anorexia nervosa is likely to

The family of a bulimic tends to

Anorexia nervosa is defined as

A condition of self-induced severe weight loss, particularly common in adolescent girls, is called

The incidence of anorexia nervosa is highest in

Which of the following is not characteristic of individuals who develop eating disorders?

Which of the following is not an early warning sign of anorexia nervosa?

At later stages in anorexia development, anorexics

The slower basal metabolism that accompanies anorexia nervosa is caused by

In anorexia nervosa, low blood potassium levels are associated with all of the following except

A major characteristic of an anorexic person that significantly inhibits successful treatment is

One of the best ways to get anorexics into treatment is to

The most long-term success in anorexia nervosa treatment has been with

The first goal in nutrition therapy for anorexia nervosa is

All of the following are goals for an anorexic person except

The typical characteristics for binge-eating disorder include binge-eating episodes

A disorder in which frequent bingeing and possibly purging occurs is called

A common characteristic of both bulimics and anorexics is that they are

A difference between anorexics and bulimics is that

Which of the following is true about the bingeing behavior of the bulimic?

Which of the following is true about purging behavior related to bulimia?

All of the following are associated with bulimia except

Most of the health problems in bulimia arise from

Joni uses ipecac syrup to promote vomiting after her binges. All of the following are negative effects of vomiting except

Treatment for bulimia should last at least how many weeks?

An effective nutritional counseling approach to bulimia involves all the following except

Jane is a binge eater. Which of the following is probably not true about her?

Which of the following is the best treatment approach for binge eating disorder?

Studies have shown that night eating syndrome symptoms, including nocturnal ingestion and evening hyperphagia, are significantly improved with use of

The most significant factor promoting eating disorders in North American culture is

Food commonly associated with Staphylococcus aureus include(s)

Treating food with gamma radiation as a preservation method is called

James operates a food service establishment. He should make sure his employees practice all of the following rules to prevent foodborne illness except

Food commonly associated with Salmonella intoxication are

Sugar acts as a food preservative by

The greatest health risk from food today is contamination via

All of the following are reasons why the risk of having foodborne illness is increasing except

When it comes to caffeine, all of the following are true except

Aseptic processing involves

Of the following groups, which have the least risk of becoming ill from foodborne illness?

All of the following are true about ground meats except

All of the following are good instructions for preventing foodborne illness except

Experts speculate that about 70% of foodborne illness cases go undiagnosed because they result from ________ causes.

The best way for a calcium-deficient pregnant woman to get the calcium she needs is to consume

The total weight gain goal of a desirable-weight pregnant woman is how many pounds?

Women suffering from chronic alcoholism produce children with a recognizable pattern of malformations called

Low iodide status during the first trimester of pregnancy may lead to

Carol has heartburn during her pregnancy. She should do all of the following except

Rachel is pregnant and has morning sickness. She should do all the following except

Infants weighing less than 5.5 pounds (2500 grams) at birth are more likely to have medical problems than those weighing more than that.

The duration of pregnancy normally is ______ weeks.

During pregnancy, it is particularly important to make sure to consume adequate

Sue has a high pre-pregnancy body mass index, classifying her as overweight. Her weight gain goal should be how many pounds?

The need for extra iron during pregnancy is greatest during which trimester(s)?

release

Common symptoms of foodborne illness include

Which of the following is true about food irradiation?

The best way to prevent the foodborne illness E. coli (Escherichia coli) is to

Covering cuts or sores on hands and avoiding sneezing when handling food are important to prevent foodborne illness from

____________ can cause spontaneous abortion or stillbirth because the bacteria can cross the placenta and infect the fetus.

The FIGHT BAC! food safety program includes the following tips for keeping food safe from bacteria:

Which of the following statements is not true about the "Danger Zone"?

To avoid Salmonella contamination

Most strains of E. coli are

All of the following are potential risks of pesticides except

Which of the following agencies enforces wholesomeness and quality standards for meat?

Which of the following agencies regulates pesticides?

To reduce exposure to pesticides,

The Delaney Clause

You can usually tell from a food's taste, odor, or appearance if that food poses a risk for foodborne illness.

Synthetic (man-made) chemicals are more harmful to health than those that occur naturally.

Exposure to oxygen causes some foods to spoil.

The organ that nourishes the fetus in the mother's womb is called the

The first trimester of pregnancy

During the second and third trimesters of pregnancy, an average of ______ extra kcalories per day are needed.

Which of the following is a suggested practice as far as exercise and pregnancy are concerned?

During the first trimester, a woman should gain ______ pounds.

Millie has a low pre-pregnancy body mass index, classifying her as underweight. Her weight gain goal should be how many pounds?

A low-birth-weight infant weighs ______ pounds.

Barb wants to make sure she gets adequate folate during her pregnancy. She should do which of the following?

For most pregnancies, women need to consume supplemental

All of the following are true about prenatal supplements for pregnancy except

Which of the following is true about lifestyle habits and pregnancy?

During pregnancy, symptoms such as high blood pressure, excess protein in the urine, edema, changes in blood clotting, and nervous system disorders are associated with a condition called

Which of the following is true about lactation?

Which of the following statements is important for infant feeding?

Breast milk production requires approximately ____ kcalories per day?

All of the following are advantages to breastfeeding except

Pregnant women know instinctively what to eat.

Breastfed infants suffer fewer infections than formula-fed infants.

Which foods would you suggest adding to the diet of a preschool child who needs increased iron intake?

Iron-deficiency anemia in the latter part of infancy is associated with

The food needs of preschool children are relatively great and it may be important to

An infant's diet should be very low in fat.

Adolescents obtain ______ percent of their energy and nutrient intakes from snacks.

Weight gain during the second through about the eighth year of life is about ______ pounds per year.

Absence of breakfast for children is associated with

Children will more effectively develop the breakfast eating habit if

Which of the following is true about teens and vegetable consumption?

The new WHO growth standards stress that _______________ is the biological norm for infant nutrition.

Human milk provides ______ percent of kcalories from fat.

Brain growth is most rapid in infancy but stops by about what age?

Infants need fat because it aids in absorption of several vitamins and also helps the ____________ to develop.

Joe's diet consists of the major contributors of kcalories to the adult diet in the United States. Which of the following does he tend to eat a lot of?

Because elderly individuals need similar amounts of nutrients as their younger counterparts but less kcalories, they should focus on diet plans that emphasize

Aside from having relatives who lived a long time, individuals who live to 100 generally do not smoke or drink heavily, and eat many fruits and vegetables.

Which of the following is not a Dietary Guideline for Americans?

Maggie switches to a health-promoting diet. This potentially will have the most impact on

All of the following are practical suggestions for diet planning for singles except

Bud has trouble with his dentures and problems chewing. Which of the following foods would be best to help meet his nutritional needs?

Barbara is 65 years of age and her doctor finds her mental function is declining. Which of the following will not significantly impact this issue?

Which of the following is not a good predictor of physical health status in the elderly?

Currently, life expectancy in North America is about ______ years for men and ______ for women.

The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that those who choose to drink alcoholic beverages should do so in moderation, defined as the consumption of up to __ drink(s) per day for women and older adults and up to __ drink(s) per day for men.

The health-care needs of people over age 65 account for more than half the healthcare costs in North America.

For a girl, undernutrition could be expected to have its greatest effect on height if it occurs

The most sensitive indicator of long-term nutrient intake in a child is

Approximately one third of children in developing nations are short and underweight for their age. The most frequent cause is

The greatest energy requirement per unit of body weight occurs during

The fluid requirements of the infant are approximately __________ cups per day.

What vitamin routinely is given by injection to all infants at birth?

According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, the best age to introduce solid foods into the infant's diet is

Egg whites should not be fed to children before 1 year of age because

The first solid foods usually introduced into an infant's milk diet are

High-fiber diets are

For a child who follows a totally vegetarian diet, all of the following nutrients are of concern except

Which of the following is a reliable indicator of generally good nutrition status in young children?

Which of the following minerals may be low in the diets of adolescent girls?

Teenagers are at risk of deficiency in which of the following nutrients?

Adolescents obtain ______ percent of their energy and nutrient intakes from snacks.

An infant's length increases by 50% in the first year.

A child who has been undernourished for most of its life can still reach maximum height if fed properly.

The foundation for a diet that optimizes long-term nutritional health emphasizes all of the following except

The best general approach to eating a health-promoting diet is to

Which of the following is not a Dietary Guideline for Americans?

A mineral that is often deficient in adults' diets and is linked to bone health, muscle function, mental health, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes is

What is the principal cause of death in the United States?

Some researchers believe that damage to cells by electron-seeking compounds may contribute to the aging process. Which of the following nutrients does not protect cells from these compounds?

Which of the following is not a good predictor of physical health status in the elderly?

Compared to individuals aged 19 - 50, adults over the age of 70 need _____ times more vitamin D.

Which of the following is true about thirst among the elderly?

Mack is constipated. Safe recommendations include all of the following except

Edna, at age 75, has found she does not tolerate milk products well. She should do which of the following?

The decrease in lean tissue that occurs with aging can best be prevented by

All of the following can cause apathetic eating and weight loss except

Elderly people should limit alcohol consumption due to all of the following except

All of the following are practical suggestions for diet planning for singles except

For those over 40 years of age, an exercise program should include all of the following except

For cancer prevention, which of the following dietary components should be limited?

Adults should aim to spend at least 30 minutes in moderate physical activity on most (or all) days of the week.