Nutrition Exam 3

25 July 2022
4.7 (114 reviews)
272 test answers

Unlock all answers in this set

Unlock answers (268)
question
So far no convincing evidence exists indicating benefits from antioxidant supplements in well-nourished people.
answer
T
question
A plant lacking a mineral or failing to make a needed vitamin dies before it can bear food for human consumption.
answer
T
question
By definition, a vitamin is all of the following except:
answer
a non-essential nutrient.
question
A compound in food that can be converted into an active vitamin inside the body is known as a(an):
answer
precursor.
question
All of the following are fat-soluble vitamins except:
answer
C
question
Any disease that produces _____ malabsorption can bring about deficiencies of vitamins A, D, E, and K.
answer
fat
question
True statements concerning the water-soluble vitamins include:
answer
They are easily excreted in the urine. They can be leached out of foods by cooking in water.
question
Vitamin A plays an important role in:
answer
maintenance of body linings. reproduction.
question
The active form of vitamin A stored in the liver is:
answer
retinol
question
Symptoms of vitamin A deficiency include:
answer
reduced food intake. blindness.
question
The amount of vitamin A a person needs is proportional to:
answer
body weight.
question
To obtain an adequate intake of vitamin A, a man needs a daily average of about _____ micrograms.
answer
900
question
All of the following foods contain active vitamin A except:
answer
french fries.
question
Healthy people can eat vitamin A-rich foods in large amounts without risking toxicity, with the possible exception of:
answer
liver.
question
Population studies suggest that people whose diets lack foods rich in beta-carotene have a higher incidence of:
answer
macular degeneration.
question
What is one symptom of a beta-carotene toxicity?
answer
bright yellow skin
question
Foods rich in beta-carotene include:
answer
broccoli. sweet potatoes.
question
Important roles of vitamin D in the body in addition to maintenance of bone health include all of the following except:
answer
health of the retina in the eye.
question
Research suggests that deficiency of vitamin D may lead to:
answer
cardiovascular disease.
question
The vitamin D deficiency disease in adults is known as:
answer
osteomalacia.
question
Which of the following is the most potentially toxic of all vitamins?
answer
D
question
Fortified plant sources of vitamin D available in the United States include:
answer
margarine. cereals.
question
All of the following are significant food sources of vitamin D except:
answer
cereal.
question
The recommended intake for vitamin D is _____ micrograms per day for adults over 70.
answer
15
question
Vitamin E serves as:
answer
an antioxidant.
question
In which of the following situations would a vitamin E deficiency be least likely?
answer
someone who eats a diet high in fat
question
As people consume more polyunsaturated oil their need for vitamin _____ rises.
answer
E
question
Much of the vitamin E people consume comes from
answer
vegetable oils and products made from them.
question
The main function of vitamin K is:
answer
to help synthesize proteins that help clot the blood.
question
A non-food source from which vitamin K can be obtained is:
answer
intestinal bacteria.
question
Someone consuming a diet comprised mostly of processed, fast, deep-fried, and convenience foods should be most concerned about getting an adequate amount of vitamin:
answer
E
question
The only animal food source that is rich in vitamin K is:
answer
Liver
question
Characteristics of water-soluble vitamins include all of the following except:
answer
they are stored extensively in tissues.
question
Which of the following is not one of the functions of vitamin C?
answer
maintains bone density
question
In the U.S. scurvy is seldom seen today except in:
answer
people addicted to alcohol.
question
Which of the following statements regarding vitamin C is/are true?
answer
It helps to protect against infection. It helps in iron absorption.
question
The DRI recommendation for vitamin C for women is _____ milligrams per day.
answer
75
question
Which of the following should avoid vitamin C supplements?
answer
people with kidney disorders people with too much iron in their blood
question
To derive the maximum amount of vitamin C from vegetables you would:
answer
cook them for short periods of time. consume them promptly after purchasing.
question
All of the following are good food sources of vitamin C except:
answer
milk.
question
The B vitamins act as part of:
answer
coenzymes.
question
The thiamin deficiency disease is known as:
answer
beriberi.
question
Pellagra is a _____ deficiency disease.
answer
niacin
question
Which of the following B vitamins is especially important for women of childbearing age to prevent neural tube defects?
answer
folate
question
The best natural sources of folate include:
answer
raw spinach.
question
The main reason for fortifying enriched grain products with folic acid is to:
answer
reduce the incidence of birth defects called neural tube defects.
question
An uninformed strict vegetarian is at special risk for _____ deficiency.
answer
vitamin B12
question
Which vitamin aids in the conversion of tryptophan to niacin?
answer
vitamin B6
question
The amount of _____ people need is proportional to protein intake.
answer
vitamin B6
question
All of the following statements are true about choline except:
answer
there are no DRI recommendations.
question
The best way to select foods that are vitamin rich is to:
answer
select a wide variety if whole foods to get a balance of vitamins.
question
Vitamin toxicity is more of a concern with which type of vitamins?
answer
fat-soluble vitamins because they are stored more readily in body tissues
question
When comparing absorption and storage of fat-soluble versus water-soluble vitamins in the body:
answer
fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and fatty tissues until the body needs them.
question
If someone did not meet the recommended intakes for the fat-soluble vitamins one day, you would tell him to:
answer
not be concerned as long as the diet as a whole provides average amounts that approximate the recommended intakes.
question
You advise your grandmother against using mineral oil as a laxative because:
answer
it may result in loss of the fat-soluble vitamins through excretion.
question
The statement, "Eat carrots because they are good for your eyes," is correct because:
answer
the vitamin A precursor in carrots becomes activated to form rhodopsin in the eye.
question
A girl has stopped growing in height prematurely because her bones are not going through the remodeling process necessary for growth. This is most likely from a deficiency of which vitamin?
answer
vitamin A
question
All of the following statements about vitamin A supplements and fortified foods are true except:
answer
although some foods have been fortified with vitamin A, the amounts are not high enough to be a toxicity concern.
question
You eat frequently at fast-food restaurants. In order to improve the nutritional quality and vitamin A content of a typical fast-food meal you would:
answer
order a salad with cheese and carrots.
question
A young woman on a vegetarian diet has decided to increase her intake of raw bright-colored vegetables and has recently noticed that her skin is turning a bright yellow color. This is most likely a result of over-consumption of:
answer
beta-carotene.
question
Who would be at the greatest risk of developing osteomalacia?
answer
women with low calcium intake and little exposure to the sun who have repeated pregnancies
question
You have a friend who has very little exposure to the sun and she consumes very few calcium-rich foods. In addition, she has a 2-year-old child and 3-month-old twins. Your friend is at very high risk for developing:
answer
osteomalacia.
question
There has been an increase recently in new cases of rickets in children in the U.S. All of the following might contribute to this except:
answer
increased physical activity in organized sports.
question
Which of the following people would be able to make sufficient amounts of vitamin D without having to eat foods containing the vitamin?
answer
someone who wears light-weight clothing and regularly takes a walk outdoors
question
Foods fortified with vitamin D are important because:
answer
very few foods have a naturally high vitamin D content. not everyone will be able to obtain adequate exposure to the sun.
question
A person who lives in a city with high air pollution levels may be exposed to increased oxidative damage in the lungs from breathing the contaminated air. Which antioxidant vitamin is needed to protect the cells from damage?
answer
vitamin E
question
Which of the following would provide the highest amount of vitamin E?
answer
wheat germ oil
question
You have a friend who eats a lot of highly-processed foods, fast foods, and convenience foods, but does drink fortified milk. You tell your friend that she is at risk for developing _____ deficiency.
answer
vitamin E
question
A person who has taken antibiotics for several weeks because of a severe bacterial infection may develop a deficiency of:
answer
vitamin K.
question
Tobacco use introduces oxidants into the body that can do potential harm to the body tissues. What antioxidant plays an important role in protecting sensitive blood constituents from being damaged, and so is needed in much higher amounts in people exposed to tobacco products and smoke?
answer
vitamin C
question
You have mixed a container of juice from its concentrate form and placed the open pitcher in the refrigerator to drink from over several days. Which vitamin in the juice is most at risk from the exposure to the air in the refrigerator
answer
vitamin C
question
Which of the following preparation or storage techniques for fruits and vegetables will preserve the most vitamins?
answer
stir-frying vegetables in a wok for an oriental dish for dinner
question
Which of the following groups would not be at risk for developing a thiamin deficiency?
answer
people who consume enough calories from whole foods
question
A woman who is on a low-carbohydrate diet for weight loss may have difficulty maintaining an adequate level of the B vitamins thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and folate. What foods being avoided in her diet are most likely to cause this?
answer
grain foods and cereals
question
An individual has developed heart disease and high blood lipid values and does not want to go on lipid-lowering prescription medications because of their side effects. Which vitamin has been used by physicians in treatment plans as a more natural treatment for heart disease?
answer
niacin
question
Which of the following would be most likely to develop pellagra?
answer
a person who does not consume meats and eats corn as the dietary staple
question
As a reaction to the increasing rate of the birth of children with neural tube defects in the U.S., the FDA instituted a new fortification program for all grain and cereal products in conjunction with public health programs. Which vitamin was added to these foods?
answer
folate
question
All enriched grain products in the U.S. now have folic acid added to them because:
answer
most young women don't have an adequate intake of fruits and vegetables.
question
An elderly woman has had difficulty with digesting her foods because of reduced stomach acid, has had progressively worse nerve pain in her legs, and is now having difficulty walking. Her physician suspects she may have a deficiency of which vitamin?
answer
vitamin B12
question
Women taking vitamin supplements over several years to help with PMS symptoms developed problems with numbness in their hands and feet and were then unable to walk. Which vitamin in the supplement was most likely to cause the symptoms?
answer
vitamin B6
question
Which of the following food combinations would ensure adequate intakes of thiamin without too many calories?
answer
small pork chop, green peas, and watermelon
question
Current recommendations for fruit and vegetable intakes are for us to consume a variety from each category on a daily basis. The two vitamins that rely heavily on our consumption of leafy greens and citrus fruits, as well as other fruits and vegetables, are:
answer
folate and vitamin C.
question
A woman who has been following a vegan diet and now has become pregnant most likely needs _____ supplements.
answer
vitamin D and vitamin B12
question
An elderly person who is having difficulty tolerating dairy products and does not go outdoors may benefit from which of the following vitamin supplements?
answer
vitamin D
question
Antioxidant nutrients that actively scavenge and quench free radicals in the body include:
answer
vitamin E. vitamin C.
question
When determining the benefits or risks of taking vitamin supplements to reduce risk of chronic diseases, which of the following studies can you rely on to help make your decision?
answer
smokers taking beta-carotene supplements had an increase in lung cancer
question
People whose diets are rich in vegetables and fruits have low rates of:
answer
cancer
question
The USP symbol on the label of a vitamin supplement means that:
answer
it contains the ingredients as listed on the label. it will dissolve in the digestive tract.
question
You recommend that your friend not take stress formula vitamin C supplements because:
answer
the amount of vitamin C used during stress can easily be obtained from generous servings of fruits and vegetables.
question
If a person does need to take a vitamin supplement, it is best for them to select a product that:
answer
has a balance of the vitamins you really need with few added ingredients.
question
Anyone who eats a meal high in salt can temporarily increase the body's water content.
answer
T
question
After about 25 years of age, regardless of calcium intake, bones begin to lose density.
answer
F
question
A deficiency of sodium is not harmful.
answer
F
question
High salt intakes among Asian people have been linked with their high rates of stomach cancer.
answer
T
question
The bioavailability of calcium in calcium-fortified orange juice is comparable to that of milk.
answer
T
question
Whether a person develops osteoporosis seems to depend partly on heredity and partly on the environment, including nutrition.
answer
T
question
Authorities recommend foods as a source of calcium in preference to calcium supplements.
answer
T
question
Which of the following makes up about 60 percent of the body's weight?
answer
water
question
Which of the following is not characteristic of water?
answer
It is a universal solvent.
question
Water assists in:
answer
temperature regulation. shock protection.
question
The first sign of dehydration is:
answer
thirst
question
Water intake is governed by:
answer
thirst. satiety.
question
Water excretion is regulated by the:
answer
brain. kidneys.
question
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the body's need for water?
answer
too much plain water consumption can cause a dangerous condition known as water intoxication
question
The most beneficial source of fluid for us to consume is:
answer
plain drinking water, because it is readily available.
question
Hard water has high concentrations of:
answer
calcium. magnesium.
question
Which of the following foods has the lowest percentage of water?
answer
margarine
question
Which of the following agencies is responsible for ensuring that public water systems meet minimum standards for protection of public health?
answer
Environmental Protection Agency
question
Which of the following is true about groundwater as a drinking water supply?
answer
it comes from deep, protected underground aquifers
question
Which of the following would you look for on the label of bottled water to signify safety?
answer
a trademark of the International Bottled Water Association
question
Which of the following best describes the fluoride content of bottled water?
answer
unpredictable
question
Which of the following helps prevent changes in the acid-base balance of body fluids?
answer
proteins mineral salts
question
Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body?
answer
calcium
question
Calcium in the body's fluids performs all of the following major roles except:
answer
helps maintain normal blood glucose.
question
A person's absorption of calcium varies based on:
answer
age. vitamin D status.
question
Growing children and teens absorb about _____ percent of ingested calcium.
answer
60
question
For women and men in the 19- to 50-year-old range, the calcium DRI is _____ milligrams.
answer
1000
question
The best source of phosphorus is:
answer
animal protein.
question
Over half of the body's magnesium is stored in the:
answer
bones.
question
The chief ion used to maintain the volume of fluid outside cells is:
answer
sodium.
question
Adults in the United States consume an average of _____ milligrams per day of sodium.
answer
3400
question
The more processed a food:
answer
the more sodium it contains. the less potassium it contains.
question
Which of the following is the principal positively charged ion inside body cells?
answer
potassium
question
The principal food source of chloride is:
answer
salt
question
Sulfate is adequate in a diet that contains sufficient:
answer
protein.
question
Which of the following must be available for thyroxine to be synthesized?
answer
iodine
question
Which of the following impairs iron absorption?
answer
tea phytates
question
The DRI iron intake recommendation is 8 mg/day for:
answer
men. women 51 years or older.
question
Which of the following foods provides the highest amount of zinc?
answer
shellfish
question
Which of the following foods provides the least amount of available zinc?
answer
legumes
question
Low blood selenium correlates with development of:
answer
prostate cancer.
question
Which of the following stabilizes bones and makes teeth resistant to decay?
answer
fluoride
question
Which of the following minerals hardens and stabilizes the crystals of teeth and makes the enamel resistant to decay?
answer
fluoride
question
Chromium works closely with:
answer
insulin.
question
The best way to obtain the calcium you need is to:
answer
consume more milk, cheese, and yogurt.
question
Which characteristic of water is represented by its ability to act as a lubricant?
answer
incompressibility
question
During an exercise activity the body will cool down by:
answer
sweating to carry heat away from the surface of the body.
question
When you eat pizza, the body will respond to the high sodium intake in the ingredients by:
answer
shifting water back into the bloodstream to reduce the sodium concentration.
question
When your body gives the thirst signal it is important to:
answer
drink fluids to relieve the symptoms of dehydration.
question
How much water and fluid beverages (in cups) should a man consume each day, under moderate environmental conditions and given a normal diet?
answer
13
question
What are the best beverages to drink?
answer
hard water because it has a high concentration of calcium and magnesium
question
Which is the most accurate statement about beverage consumption practices in the U.S.?
answer
the mild diuretic effect of a moderate intake of caffeinated beverages does not negatively impact meeting fluid needs
question
A friend informs you that she is planning to purchase a water softener. Which of the following statements would be most appropriate for you to make to your friend?
answer
Soft water appears to aggravate hypertension and heart disease, which is undesirable.
question
The chlorination of water is of concern because:
answer
deaths from organisms in untreated water are high in other parts of the world.
question
Many people today are drinking bottled water because they believe it is safer than tap water. Which of the following statements is accurate?
answer
at least a quarter of the bottled water is drawn directly from the tap
question
When a child has a virus that has caused vomiting and diarrhea over several days' time it is critical for her to receive medical care because:
answer
she may need help in replacing extreme fluid losses.
question
It is critical for body cells to maintain fluid and electrolyte balance by:
answer
having water move from dilute fluid outside the cell into concentrated fluid.
question
Which of the following statements is true?
answer
The bones begin to lose density after 40 years of age regardless of calcium intake.
question
If a person has a deficient intake of calcium in the diet, what will be the result?
answer
no change in levels of calcium in the blood because calcium will be pulled from the bones
question
Which of the following groups absorbs the least amount of calcium?
answer
adults
question
Phosphorus is critical to the acid-base balance in cells because of its role in:
answer
creating buffers to maintain the correct pH.
question
Magnesium is an important mineral that works with calcium in the body to:
answer
help muscles contract and relax.
question
How much sodium is consumed by a person who eats two grams of salt?
answer
800 mg
question
A person is consuming 1000 mg a day of sodium preservatives in processed foods along with 2000 milligrams of added salt from the salt shaker on his foods. Is this less than the UL for sodium established by the DRI committee?
answer
yes, 1800 total milligrams of sodium is within the UL
question
The DASH diet is more effective in reducing blood pressure than just decreasing sodium alone because it includes which of the following guidelines?
answer
greatly increase intakes of fruits and vegetables
question
Which of the following would you consume with a food source of iron in order to facilitate iron absorption?
answer
tomato and meat, fish, or poultry
question
When trying to get adequate iron intake in your diet it is helpful to:
answer
combine vitamin C foods with non-heme iron to increase absorption.
question
Is there a possibility of harm to the body in healthy people with high intakes of iron?
answer
no, because the body adjusts the amount of iron absorbed
question
Your best friend complains that she is tired all of the time and has a problem concentrating. In addition, she likes to chew ice. Which of the following is your friend likely to have?
answer
iron deficiency
question
What effect does zinc deficiency have on the body?
answer
it impairs the immune response, leading to increased infections
question
You are working with a child in a health clinic who has growth retardation, impaired immunity, and a poor appetite. This child is most likely experiencing _____ deficiency.
answer
zinc
question
Which of the following statements about selenium levels in the body is accurate?
answer
selenium works as an antioxidant to protect body chemicals from oxidative damage
question
What is currently known about the benefits of fluoride in drinking water supplies?
answer
in communities where fluoride is lacking in the water there is a very high dental decay rate
question
What would you tell someone who is considering taking chromium supplements?
answer
no benefit for reducing body fat has been seen with chromium supplements
question
Copper is an essential nutrient because of its role in:
answer
helping to form hemoglobin and collagen.
question
Which of the following would be the best selection to provide good sources of calcium in the diet?
answer
milk, yogurt, and ice milk
question
One of the health concerns with osteoporosis is that:
answer
it causes hip fractures that fragment into small pieces.
question
The strongest genetic influence on the development of osteoporosis is:
answer
the maximum bone mass that can be attained during growth.
question
Which of the following ethnic groups has the highest bone density?
answer
Africans
question
Calcium absorption declines in the elderly because:
answer
aging skin is less efficient at making vitamin D. many elderly people get inadequate sun exposure
question
Osteoporosis is most often associated with:
answer
underweight.
question
Bone strength in later life depends on:
answer
the formation of dense bones during youth.
question
A young woman wanting to build maximum bone density should do all of the following except:
answer
increase her intake of meat protein.
question
Which of the following is an accurate statement about calcium supplements for bone health?
answer
calcium-fortified orange juice provides an easily absorbed form of calcium
question
Women in their reproductive years are likely to carry more intraabdominal fat than are women past menopause.
answer
F
question
Waist circumference indicates visceral fatness, and above a certain girth, disease risks rise, even when BMI values are normal.
answer
T
question
Eating certain foods can elevate the basal metabolic rate, and thus promote weight loss.
answer
F
question
Taller people need proportionately more energy than shorter people to balance their energy budgets.
answer
T
question
For someone with at least one obese parent, the chance of becoming obese is estimated to be between 30 and 70 percent.
answer
T
question
Physical activity must be long and arduous to achieve fat loss.
answer
F
question
The DRI Committee recommends at least 130 grams of carbohydrate a day.
answer
T
question
Society plays a role in eating disorders because they are known only in developed nations and they become more prevalent as wealth increases and food becomes plentiful.
answer
T
question
Bulimia is more prevalent than anorexia nervosa and is more common in women than men.
answer
T
question
All of the following are risks from being underweight except:
answer
thin people develop heart disease more often.
question
Which of the following is not a health risk associated with deficient body fat?
answer
increased risk of developing hypertension
question
Excess body fatness is associated with an increased risk of:
answer
some cancers. gallbladder disease.
question
Excess fat around the _____ represents a greater risk to health than excess fat elsewhere on the body.
answer
central abdominal area
question
Waist circumference reflects the degree of _____ in proportion to body fatness.
answer
visceral fatness
question
A body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9 in an adult indicates:
answer
overweight
question
One pound of body fat is equal to _____ calories.
answer
3500
question
Which of the following statements about basal metabolism is true?
answer
It supports the work that goes on all the time. It is directly controlled by the hormone thyroxine.
question
About _____ percent of a meal's energy value is used up in stepped-up metabolism in the five or so hours following each meal.
answer
5-10
question
All of the following factors are associated with a higher basal metabolic rate except:
answer
starvation.
question
Older people generally need less energy than younger people due to:
answer
slowed basal metabolic rate. declines in lean body mass.
question
Which of the following is based on weight and height and used in clinical settings to assess weight status?
answer
BMI
question
Body mass index is unsuitable for use with:
answer
athletes. pregnant women.
question
A woman of normal weight may have, on the average, _____ percent of the body weight as fat.
answer
20
question
Hunger makes itself known roughly _____ hours after eating.
answer
4-6
question
The hormone produced by adipose tissue in response to body fat production that helps to control obesity is:
answer
leptin.
question
The psychological desire to eat is referred to as:
answer
appetite.
question
All of the following are involved in signaling satiation except:
answer
the heart
question
Which of the following types of foods sustain satiety longer than other foods?
answer
high in fiber high in protein
question
The theory that a person with more adipose tissue containing energy-wasting proteins will be leaner is referred to as the _____.
answer
brown fat theory
question
One "outside of the body" factor that contributes to obesity is:
answer
the "built environment," which can discourage physical activity.
question
The definition of a food desert is:
answer
an area where only convenience stores and fast-food restaurants are close.
question
Quick, large changes in weight are most likely the result of all of the following except:
answer
changes in fat.
question
In early food deprivation, the nervous system cannot use _____ as fuel.
answer
fat
question
A healthy person starting with average body fat can live totally deprived of food for as long as six to eight weeks due to:
answer
ketosis.
question
The three kinds of energy nutrients can be stored in the body as:
answer
glycogen. fat.
question
Which of the following is not a true statement?
answer
Carbohydrate from food is especially easy for the body to store as fat.
question
A very-low-carbohydrate diet may be accompanied by:
answer
ketosis.
question
Nutrition authorities agree that the staple foods of high-protein, low-carbohydrate diets clearly raise the risk for:
answer
heart and artery disease.
question
Fad diets are successful in the short term because they:
answer
induce a calorie deficit.
question
Health professionals advise people with low fitness levels to engage in activities of _____ for weight loss.
answer
low to moderate intensity long duration
question
One of the major benefits of physical activity for weight management is:
answer
an increase in lean muscle tissue, which burns more energy.
question
A person trying to gain weight should:
answer
participate in physical activity. eat more frequently.
question
Which of the following strategies would be appropriate for an obese individual with a BMI of 40 or above who is healthy?
answer
surgery such as a gastric bypass
question
Complications immediately following obesity surgery often include all of the following except:
answer
high blood pressure.
question
Successful weight maintainers:
answer
exercise regularly. keep track of food intake and exercise habits.
question
A person who diets without exercising:
answer
often becomes trapped in weight cycling. will be more susceptible to regaining weight lost.
question
The accumulation of excess visceral fat in the body may lead to health complications because:
answer
it can lead to chronic inflammation, which has been linked to heart disease.
question
Mary has a waist circumference of 38 inches. Based on this information you conclude that:
answer
she develops fat centrally. she is at an increased risk for disease.
question
A 55-year-old woman with a BMI of 31 and waist circumference of 37 whose father and grandfather died of heart disease is at _____ risk of developing heart disease.
answer
very high
question
A woman who is a varsity soccer player has a BMI of 32, a waist circumference of 32, and 30 percent body fat. What would you say about her body composition?
answer
she is within recommendations for waist circumference and percent body fat
question
You have chosen to treat yourself to one weekly mocha latte coffee, which has 215 calories. This could add how much to your body weight in a year's time?
answer
3 lbs.
question
John routinely consumes 7,000 calories per day in excess of his energy expenditure. How much body fat would John store per day as a result of this practice?
answer
2 lbs.
question
The thermic effect of foods eaten can contribute to total energy expended in a day because:
answer
metabolism is stepped up for several hours after a meal in the metabolic response to food.
question
When determining the BMR for an individual it is important to consider which of the following factors that will affect the rate?
answer
the amount of daily physical activity, because it increases BMR over time
question
Paul is a 19-year-old athlete who is 6' tall and weighs 178 pounds; Rick is a 40-year-old salesman who weighs 165 pounds and is 5' 7" tall. Who would have the higher basal metabolic rate?
answer
Paul
question
You are weighing a team of football players and according to the BMI values they appear to be obese. Which of the following would you most likely conclude?
answer
Their muscle weight is probably responsible for the elevated scale weights. Their bones may be well mineralized, which contributes to their weights.
question
A woman weighs 210 pounds and is 65 inches tall. Calculate her BMI.
answer
35
question
Johnnie's father is 5' 11" tall and weighs 165 pounds, while his mother weighs 164 pounds and is 5' 2" tall. Johnnie's chances of becoming obese are at least _____ percent.
answer
30
question
A woman who is trying to get pregnant has a BMI of 17 and a 10 percent body fat value. What factors should she consider concerning her body composition?
answer
because of her low body fat composition she may have trouble with infertility
question
You are trying to reduce your food intake by skipping lunch for several weeks to lose weight and fit into a favorite outfit for a special occasion. However, by the middle of the afternoon you are very uncomfortable with the empty feeling in your stomach and feel you "have to" eat. This is caused by:
answer
hunger
question
The major role that the hormone ghrelin plays in eating is to:
answer
signal hunger on an empty stomach.
question
You go to the movie theater after eating dinner and smell the popcorn in the concession stand. Although you are full, you start salivating and your stomach grumbles, so you buy a bag to eat during the show. This is an example of what signal for eating?
answer
appetite
question
Susie has been overweight for many years. She tends to eat when she is not really hungry and eats more food when she is angry or depressed. Which of the following could explain Susie's problem of overweight?
answer
external cues
question
How has physical activity played a role in weight trends in the U.S. recently?
answer
sedentary activities have replaced outdoor play for many people
question
All of the following are recommendations for physical activity to maintain a healthy body weight except:
answer
only aerobic physical activities are beneficial for weight loss.
question
Which of the following is the best recommendation to use the built environment in a neighborhood to encourage healthy weight practices?
answer
using a bicycle for transportation when bike paths are available
question
The best way to begin to use physical activity to assist with weight control is to:
answer
incorporate multiple periods of short-duration moderate activity throughout the day.
question
What would be a good way for a low-income person living in the inner city to get exercise?
answer
purchase a low-cost exercise DVD or video to use at home
question
Which individual's activity had the highest calorie cost?
answer
Sara, who weighs 145 lb and did step aerobics (0.062 cal/lb/min) for 35 minutes
question
If a person uses fasting to lose weight, how will his or her body react?
answer
the body will break down fat into ketone bodies to provide fuel
question
When setting a target for weight loss, an appropriate goal would be:
answer
reduction of body weight by 5-10% over a year's time.
question
An effective method for losing weight would be to:
answer
keep records of your food intake and exercise to spot trends.
question
Recommendations for planning a diet for weight loss include the following:
answer
reduce calories as appropriate based on current BMI.
question
Donna weighs 160 pounds. How many grams of fat should Donna consume in order to meet the DRI recommendation, if she consumes 1600 calories a day?
answer
35-62
question
Which of the following foods has the greatest energy density?
answer
vanilla ice cream that weighs 39 grams and is 155 calories
question
Which of the following is a valid recommendation for managing portion sizes of foods in order to manage weight?
answer
hoose smaller plates, glasses, and utensils eat just until satisfied and then stop, even if food remains
question
The most important time of the day to eat when you are trying to lose weight is:
answer
breakfast, because it may help reduce food intake all day long.
question
A person who is trying to gain weight and muscle mass will have the best outcome by:
answer
choosing nutrient- and energy-dense foods to help build new body tissue.
question
James is trying to gain weight. Which of the following would you suggest to help James with his goal?
answer
Choose milkshakes instead of milk.
question
Your aunt is seriously considering having gastric surgery to help her lose weight because previous weight-loss diets have been unsuccessful. What information would you give to help her make her decision?
answer
it is a serious decision because of the lifetime medical and nutrition supervision needed after surgery
question
A good way to help dieters to solve problems and increase motivation is to teach them to:
answer
use cognitive restructuring of thoughts.
question
A woman is using behavior modification to change her eating habits in order to lose weight. Which of the following behaviors would be most successful for changing a particular cue?
answer
when eating out she asks for a box at the beginning of the meal to split the portion on her plate
question
Characteristics of victims of anorexia nervosa include:
answer
they come from middle- or upper-class families. they tend to be perfectionists.
question
Central to the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa is:
answer
a distorted body image.
question
Successful treatment for a young woman with anorexia nervosa includes:
answer
stopping the cycle of weight loss and establishing regular eating patterns.
question
Characteristics of bulimia include all of the following except:
answer
the victim is unaware that her behavior is abnormal.
question
You suspect that your new college roommate may have an eating disorder because, although she seems to have a normal body size, you have heard her frequently vomiting after a meal, and her tooth enamel is becoming corroded. She also will frequently eat 3 boxes of crackers at one time to relieve stress and will then feel guilty afterwards. These are most likely symptoms of:
answer
bulimia nervosa.
question
Both deficient and " " body fat present health risks.
answer
excessive
question
For example, underweight increases the risk for any person fighting a " " disease, while over fatness can precipitate " " and thus increase the risk of stroke.
answer
waisting hypertension
question
Being overfat also triples a person's risk of developing " "
answer
diabetes
question
The " " usually correlates with degree of body fatness and disease risks.
answer
BMI
question
The "energy in" side of the body's energy budget is measured in " " taken in each day in the form of foods and beverages.
answer
calories
question
Calories in foods and beverages can be obtained from published tables or " " programs.
answer
computer diet analysis
question
The body spends energy in two major ways: to fuel its " " metabolism and to fuel its " " activities.
answer
basile voluntary
question
The DRI committee sets " " values by taking into account the ways in which energy is spent and by whom.
answer
estimated energy requirement (eer)
question
A clinician can determine the percentage of fat in person's body by measuring fatfolds, body " " or other parameters.
answer
density
question
Distribution of fat can be estimated by radiographic techniques and central adiposity by measuring " " circumference.
answer
waist
question
Different theories exist to explain the development of obesity, with one attributing it to internal factors and the other to " " factors.
answer
external