Nutrition Exam 3 (ch 7)

24 July 2022
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question
Which of the following MyPlate food group is the richest source of vitamin D? a) Dairy b) Fruits c) Grains d) Protein
answer
Dairy
question
All of the following MyPlate food groups are good sources of vitamin B12 except for the _____ group. a) Dairy. b) Fruits. c) Protein. d) All of these are good sources of vitamin B12.
answer
Fruits
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All of the following MyPlate food groups are good sources of folate except for the _____ group. a) Dairy b) Fruits c) Grains d) Vegetables
answer
Dairy
question
The amount of a particular vitamin in a food depends on all of the following EXCEPT a) how much of the food is consumed. b) how the food is cooked. c) how the food is stored. d) what is added to the food during processing.
answer
how much the food is consumed
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Brian's need for a vitamin is 100 milligrams each day. The bioavailability of this vitamin is 35%. This means that Brian needs to consume _____ milligrams each day for this vitamin to meet his needs.a) 65 b) 100 c) 135 d) 170
answer
135
question
For vitamins X and Y, the daily needs are 140 milligrams. The bioavailability of vitamin X is 45% and for vitamin Y is 20%. Which of the following statements is correct?a) Daily intake for vitamin X is higher than vitamin Y. b) Daily intake for vitamin Y is higher than vitamin X. c) Daily intake for vitamin X is the same as vitamin Y. d) None of these statements are true.
answer
Daily intake for Vitamin Y is is higher than Vitamin X
question
If the diet is chronically low in fat-soluble vitamins, the bioavailability of which vitamins will be impacted most?a) Folate and vitamin B12 b) Thiamin and riboflavin c) Vitamins A and D d) Vitamins C and E
answer
Vitamins A and D
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Which of the following vitamins have a coenzyme form? a) Niacin b) Vitamin A c) Vitamin D d) Vitamin K
answer
Niacin
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Which of the following is/are antioxidants? a) Vitamin C. b) Vitamin E. c) Selenium. d) All of these nutrients serve as antioxidants.
answer
All of these nutrients serve as antioxidants
question
Which of the following vitamins must be included on the food label? a) Niacin and thiamin b) Riboflavin and iron c) Vitamins A and C d) Vitamins A and D
answer
Vitamins A and C
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Mary needs to increase her thiamin consumption. Which of the following contains the most thiamin? a) 1⁄4 c sunflower seeds b) 3 oz pork chop c) 3 oz rainbow trout d) 1 c oatmeal
answer
3 oz pork chop
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Clare reads on the food label that the pizza contains enriched flour. Which of the following nutrients are added back to the flour in the enrichment process?a) calcium b) folate c) thiamin d) Vitamin C
answer
thiamin
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The active ______ coenzyme is needed to convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA. a) folate b) niacin c) riboflavin d) thiamin
answer
thiamin
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Which of the following statements regarding thiamin is true? a) Alcoholics are particularly susceptible to thiamin deficiency because thiamin absorption is decreased due to the effect the alcohol has the GI tract. b) Beriberi is quite common in the U.S. c) Increasing thiamin intake increases the body's ability to produce ATP. d) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome is a thiamin toxicity.
answer
Alcoholics are particularly susceptible to thiamin deficiency because thiamin absorption is decreased due to the effect the alcohol has the GI tract
question
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of pellagra? a) dementia b) dermatitis c) diabetes d)diarrhea
answer
diabetes
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Niacin is synthesized in the body from the amino acid a) alanine. b) leucine. c) riboflavin. d) tryptophan.
answer
tryptophan
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Vitamin B12 deficiency is particularly problematic because a) it causes irreversible brain damage. b) it causes microcytic anemia. c) it prevents folate from being converted to one of its active forms. d) its UL is set too high.
answer
it prevents folate from being converted to one of its active forms.
question
Which of the following are good sources of niacin? a) chicken and trout b) kiwi and apples c) corn and oatmeal d) orange juice and spinach
answer
chicken and trout
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Vitamin ___ is important for amino acid synthesis and protein metabolism. a) B2 b) B6 c) C d) B12
answer
B6
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Which of the following is not a function of vitamin B6? a) Synthesis of hemoglobin b) Synthesis of the myelin sheath c) Synthesis of collagen d) Transamination and deamination
answer
Synthesis of collagen
question
Based on the content in this visual, identify each of the three labeled parts in A:B:C order. (picture) a) cysteine: homocysteine: methionine b) homocysteine: cysteine: methionine c) methionine: homocysteine: cysteine d) methionine: cysteine: homocysteine
answer
methionine: homocysteine: cysteine
question
Folate coenzymes are needed for the a) synthesis of collagen. b) synthesis of RNA. c) metabolism of some vitamins. d) synthesis of DNA and metabolism of some amino acids.
answer
synthesis of DNA and metabolism of some amino acids.
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Which of the following populations is not at increased risk of folate deficiency? a) The elderly b) Non-smoking teenage males c) Pregnant women d) Alcoholics
answer
Non-smoking teenage males
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The Intrinsic Factor is necessary for the absorption of which B vitamin? a) Folate b) Niacin c) Riboflavin d) Vitamin B12
answer
Niacin
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Which of the following statements regarding vitamin B12 is false? a) Vitamin B12 is synthesized by the microflora in the large intestine. b) Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the duodenum section of the small intestine. c) Vitamin B12 needs the Intrinsic Factor to be absorbed. d) The body stores and reuses vitamin B12 more efficiently than it does most other water-soluble vitamins.
answer
Vitamin B12 is absorbed in the duodenum section of the small intestine.
question
Which of the following MyPlate food groups is the richest in vitamin B12? a) Fruits b) Grains c) Protein d) Vegetables
answer
Proteins
question
When Vitamin C intake is below 10 mg per day, the symptoms of _______ begin to appear. a) beriberi b) pellagra c) rickets d) scurvy
answer
scurvy
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A family member has been taking Vitamin C supplements, but is now wondering if he should continue to spend money on these supplements. What have you learned about Vitamin C that might help them with an evidence-based decision? a) Excessive supplementation can cause dementia. b) Vitamin C is known to prevent the common cold. c) Excessive supplementation can interfere with drugs prescribed to prevent blood clotting. d) Excessive supplementation can cause diarrhea and can interfere with drugs prescribed to slow blood clotting.
answer
Excessive supplementation can cause diarrhea and can interfere with drugs prescribed to slow blood clotting.
question
The symptoms of vitamin C deficiency include gums that swell and bleed. Why does this occur? a) The lack of vitamin C allows bacteria in the mouth to irritate the gums. b) The lack of vitamin C decreases the pH of the mouth. c) There is reduced collagen synthesis. d) There is increased plaque formation around the gums.
answer
There is reduced collagen synthesis.
question
Collagen is a __________. Vitamin C is necessary to form ___________ that hold adjacent collagen strands together and give the protein_________. a) mineral, muscle, strength b) protein, muscle, structure c) protein, bonds, strength d) vitamin, muscle, structure
answer
protein, bonds, strength
question
Cells that are deficient in vitamin A become hard and dry because they produce _______, a protein. a) retinal b) opsin c) keratin d) xerophthin
answer
keratin
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The process whereby immature cells change in structure and function to become specialized is called a) cell differentiation. b) gene expression. c) night blindness. d) rhodopsin.
answer
cell differentiation
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Which of the following statements regarding vitamin A is FALSE? a) Protein and zinc status are important for healthy vitamin A status. b) Beta-carotene is the most potent vitamin A precursor. c) Pepsin is necessary to release the vitamin A from protein-based sources. d) Worldwide, vitamin A deficiency is rare.
answer
Worldwide, vitamin A deficiency is rare.
question
This visual represents a toxicity of ______ leading the toxicity disease _______. (picture) a) beta-carotene, hypercarotenemia b) niacin, pellagra c) vitamin A, xerophthalmia d) vitamin D, rickets
answer
beta-carotene, hypercarotenemia
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Vitamin D deficiency disease in children is called a) osteopenia. b) osteoporosis. c) osteomalacia. d) rickets.
answer
rickets
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Active ________ is required to maintain normal blood calcium and phosphorus levels. a) Vitamin A b) Vitamin E c) Vitamin C d) Vitamin D
answer
Vitamin D
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Vitamin E protects membranes in red blood cells, white blood cells, nerve cells, and lung cells. Why are these cells in particular in need of high amounts of vitamin E? a) All of these cells are important in fighting infections b) Oxygen concentrations in these cells are high c) These cells have an especially high energy need d) Lipid concentrations in these cells are high
answer
Oxygen concentrations in these cells are high
question
In its role as an antioxidant, _____ guards cell membranes, body proteins, DNA, and cholesterol, and thus helps prevent heart disease, cancer, macular degeneration, and other chronic diseases. a) thiamin b) vitamin D c) Vitamin E d) Vitamin K
answer
Vitamin E
question
Based on the visual, what effect does active vitamin D have at the small intestine level? (picture) a) Active vitamin D increases the absorption of calcium and phosphorus. b) Active vitamin D stimulates calcium retention. c) Inactive vitamin D is activated. d) Inactive vitamin D releases calcium and phosphorus into the blood.
answer
Active vitamin D increases the absorption of calcium and phosphorus.
question
With a severe deficiency of _______, even a bruise or small scratch could cause you to bleed to death. a) Vitamin D b) Vitamin K c) Vitamin E d) Vitamin A
answer
Vitamin K
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_______is the major symptom of Vitamin K deficiency. a) Abnormal blood coagulation b) Anemia c) Night blindness d) Rickets
answer
Abnormal blood coagulation
question
The best way to ensure that you meet your nutrient needs without taking a dietary supplement is to a) choose foods that are convenient and tasty. b) choose low-nutrient-dense foods daily. c) eat a very low calorie, high fiber diet. d) eat a variety of foods daily.
answer
eat a variety of foods daily.
question
Supplements of which of the following nutrients may be needed by older adults? a) Iron and folic acid b) Fluoride and vitamin D c) Vitamin C and vitamin E d) Vitamin B12, vitamin D, and calcium
answer
Vitamin B12, vitamin D, and calcium
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Women of childbearing age should consume _____ daily from fortified foods or supplements. a) Folic acid b) Vitamin D c) Iron d) Calcium
answer
Folic acid
question
Which of the following is not a good reason why some people may need to take supplements to meet certain nutrient needs? a) excess nutrient losses. b) increased nutrient needs. c) low nutrient intakes. d) to be free from worry about their food choices.
answer
to be free from worry about their food choices.
question
Dietary supplements have regulations that are _____strict as compared to drugs. a) Less b) Equally c) More
answer
less
question
The Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act accomplished which of the following? a) Defined the term dietary supplement AND established safety standards for manufacturing practices. b) Defined the term dietary supplement AND created standards for labeling products. c) Defined the term dietary supplement AND established safety standards for manufacturing practices AND created standards for labeling products. d) Established safety standards for manufacturing practices AND created standards for labeling products.
answer
Defined the term dietary supplement AND created standards for labeling products.