FSHN 120 Test 4 Practice Questions

25 July 2022
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question
Which of the following plant sources of calcium has the lowest bioavailability? spinach broccoli turnip greens kale
answer
Spinach
question
The most common sites of fracture in an individual suffering from osteoporosis are the femur and tibia. sternum and ribs. clavicle and scapula. hip and spine.
answer
Hip and Spine
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Which of the following foods is high in phosphorus? oranges spinach table salt meat
answer
Meat
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Which of the following is NOT a function of calcium? promotes osteoclasts to break down bone muscle contraction transmission of nerve impulses maintenance of blood pressure
answer
Promotes osteoclasts to break down bone
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One of the side effects of using bisphosphonates is abdominal pain. mood swings. leg cramps. heart palpitations.
answer
Abdominal pain
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What is the primary reason osteoporosis incidence in the United States is expected to increase? decline in milk consumption increased longevity of the population inadequate treatment options increased diagnostic tools
answer
Increased longevity of the population
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Marie is 55 years old and just had her first DXA assessment. The results indicated that she has a T-score of -1.5 (minus 1.5). What does her T-score indicate? Nothing. DXA is not able to determine bone density in women over 50. Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, her bone density is normal. Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, she has osteoporosis. Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, she has low bone mass.
answer
Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, she has low bone mass.
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Insufficient vitamin D during adulthood is associated with hypocalcemia. osteomalacia. rickets. kidney stones.
answer
Osteomalacia
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Which of the following does NOT increase the risk of developing osteoporosis? high caffeine consumption smoking low dietary intake of calcium moderate alcohol consumption
answer
Moderate alcohol consumption
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When dietary intake of calcium is low, the body takes calcium from bone. True False
answer
True
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Guinea pigs and humans are two groups that cannot synthesize their own vitamin C and must consume it in their diet. True False
answer
True
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How do antioxidant minerals stabilize free radicals? break down oxidized fatty acids enzymatic destruction donate electrons or hydrogens phagocytosis
answer
Break down oxidized fatty acids
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Carotenosis is a serious side effect of consuming too much beta-carotene; it can be fatal if untreated. True False
answer
False
question
Vitamin E deficiency causes xerophthalmia, irreversible blindness due to hardening of the cornea. True False
answer
False
question
Consuming even moderately excessive doses of vitamin C supplements would be MOST harmful to individuals suffering from Keshan disease. diabetes mellitus. hemochromatosis. scurvy.
answer
Hemochromatosis
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Examples of antioxidant enzyme systems include superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and which of the following? vitamin E vitamin C beta carotene catalase
answer
Catalase
question
Vitamin C is not stored in the body and must be consumed frequently. True False
answer
True
question
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning vitamin C? Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant that may help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Vitamin C helps the immune system by enabling the body to make white blood cells. Smokers should consume less vitamin C than non-smokers. Vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid.
answer
Smokers should consume less vitamin C than non-smokers
question
What kind of reaction results in an atom gaining electrons? oxidation reaction reduction reaction promotion reaction radical reaction
answer
reduction reaction
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Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin C? enhances the absorption of dietary iron prevents the common cold ensures proper wound healing assists in the synthesis of collagen
answer
Prevents the common cold
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Which of the following will increase the risk of exercise-related cardiac events in older adults? rigorous exercise only on the weekends careful evaluation by a health care provider familiarity with signs of cardiac impairment (e.g., shortness of breath, chest pain) supervised warm-up and cool-down activities
answer
Rigorous exercise only on the weekends
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Most of the members of the Caloric Restriction Society and the CRONies are males. True False
answer
True
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There are no risks involved in offering vegan diets to toddlers. True False
answer
False
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In the United States the federal government regulates school lunches. True False
answer
True
question
The development of which system is particularly dependent on adequate consumption of fat during the toddler years? urinary skeletal nervous digestive
answer
Nervous
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Which of the following is NOT a risk associated with vitamin A toxicity in older adults? hip fractures neurologic problems heart disease liver damage
answer
Heart disease
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What is the maximum percentage of total Calories from fat recommended for a preschooler? 50% of total energy 10% of total energy 15% of total energy 35% of total energy
answer
35% of total energy
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Federal guidelines in the United States specify that school lunches must contain no more than what percentage of total Calories from saturated fat? 10 percent 15 percent 20 percent 25 percent
answer
10%
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The energy needs of older adults are higher than those of younger adults. True False
answer
False
question
What nutrient is added to municipal water supplies to promote healthy teeth formation? vitamin D zinc sodium fluoride
answer
Fluoride
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The lack of which nutrient in the diet can lead to night blindness in children? iodine vitamin C zinc vitamin A
answer
Vitamin A
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Currently, there is enough food produced in the world to feed the world's population. True False
answer
True
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The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that by 2020, deaths due to diabetes will increase worldwide by more than what percentage? 50 percent 25 percent 35 percent 10 percent
answer
50%
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Undernutrition is seen only in underdeveloped countries. True False
answer
False
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Individuals who live in poverty are seldom obese. True False
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False
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Worldwide, the majority of deaths seen in undernourished children are due to infection. True False
answer
True
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The type of undernutrition that affects toddlers who have recently been weaned from breast milk and given a diet that is severely lacking in protein is known as marasmus. kwashiorkor. toddler malnutrition. protein-deficit malnutrition.
answer
kwashiorkor
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A child who is shorter than his or her expected height for age is suffering from wasting. height deprivation. linear growth delay. stunting.
answer
Stunting
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There is very little a single individual can do to solve the problem of undernutrition and hunger in the world today. True False
answer
False
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In the United States food insecurity is caused by the lack of enough food produced to feed all the people who live in poverty. True False
answer
False
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The light-sensitive pigment found in rod cells and formed by retinal and opsin is chlorophyll. lutein. rhodopsin. tocotrienal.
answer
Rhodopsin
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Which water-soluble vitamin can regenerate vitamin E after it has been oxidized? vitamin D vitamin B12 vitamin C folate
answer
Vitamin C
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In an atom, the electrons orbiting around the nucleus have what kind of a charge? positive negative equal neutral
answer
Negative
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The doctor has recently told Julie that she is anemic. Which of the following should Julie consume with her iron supplement to increase its absorption? a tablespoon of castor oil a glass of milk a glass of orange juice scrambled eggs
answer
A glass of orange juice
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Which of the following would NOT be a good strategy for increasing vitamin C in the diet? boiling vegetables to bring the vitamin to the surface of the food making a salad with strawberries, kiwi fruit, cantaloupe, and orange slices serving corn chips with salsa eating raw red, green, and yellow peppers with a low-fat dip
answer
Boiling vegetables to bring the vitamin to the surface of the food
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The MOST common form of cancer in the United States is cancer of the lung. skin. colon. stomach.
answer
Skin
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Jane takes anticoagulant medication daily to prevent blood clots. Which vitamin must she avoid taking in excess of the RDA, as it could interact with the medication causing uncontrollable bleeding? vitamin E vitamin D vitamin K vitamin C
answer
Vitamin E
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Which of the following nutrients requires the MOST frequent consumption to assure adequate body stores? vitamin A vitamin E vitamin C beta-carotene
answer
Vitamin C
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Which of the following is a substance that promotes oxidation and cell damage? an electrolyte a carotenoid a prooxidant a provitamin
answer
Prooxidant
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Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin E? protecting polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in cell membranes from oxidation enhancing the immune system and protecting white blood cells improving the absorption of vitamin C if dietary intake is low protecting low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) from oxidation
answer
Improving the absorption of vitamin C if dietary intake is low
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Which of the following plant sources of calcium has the lowest bioavailability? kale spinach broccoli turnip greens
answer
Spinach
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Which of the following provides more than three times the recommended Adequate Intake (AI) of Vitamin K? 1 tablespoon of canola oil 1/2 cup of boiled turnip greens 1 cup of raw cabbage 1 cup of boiled broccoli
answer
1/2 cup of boiled turnip greens
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Which of the following techniques can assess the risk of fracture? blood calcium assessment dual energy x-ray absorptiometry underwater weighing bioelectrical impedance testing
answer
Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry
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When does bone growth and modeling start? during fetal development at birth during infancy during childhood
answer
During fetal development
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Bone cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called osteoclasts. cortical. osteoblasts. trabecular.
answer
Osteoclasts
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A vitamin D deficiency in childhood may result in which disease characterized by inadequate mineralization of the skeleton? rickets osteomalacia osteoporosis kyphosis
answer
Rickets
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Which of the following factors does NOT contribute to low bone density in the adult years? inadequate calcium intake in childhood and adolescence low body weight early onset of menarche in females physical inactivity in adolescence
answer
Early onset of menarche in females
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Newborn infants receive a single injection of vitamin K at birth because newborns do not have enough bacteria in their small intestine to make vitamin K. breast milk is a poor source of vitamin K. the trauma of labor and delivery depletes the newborn's vitamin K stores. newborns cannot absorb any of the vitamin K from breast milk or formula.
answer
newborns do not have enough bacteria in their small intestine to make vitamin K.
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The point in life at which our bones are the densest is called what? pubertal bone density menopausal bone density late adulthood bone density peak bone density
answer
Peak bone density
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Fluorosis is associated with insufficient intake of fluoride. consuming too much fluoride. Alzheimer's disease. osteoporosis.
answer
Consuming too much fluoride
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The total amount of energy needed per day for any given age is called what? estimated energy requirement required energy requirement recommended energy requirement allowable energy requirement
answer
Estimated energy requirement
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The development of which system is particularly dependent on adequate consumption of fat during the toddler years? digestive nervous skeletal urinary
answer
Nervous
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The RDA for which nutrient decreases with age, for women? calcium vitamin D iron vitamin C
answer
Iron
question
What are dental caries? juvenile teeth cavities spotting on tooth enamel spaces left following the loss of teeth
answer
Cavities
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The key to a successful Calorie-restricted diet is to consume 1,000 or fewer calories per day. consume a low-Calorie, high nutrient-dense diet. exercise at least one hour each day while eating fewer calories than usual. join a support group.
answer
Consume a low-calorie, high nutrient-dense diet
question
A reduced production of gastric secretions often seen in older adults can result in a reduced absorption of calcium. an increased absorption of vitamin C. a reduced absorption of potassium. a reduced absorption of vitamin B12.
answer
A reduced absorption of calcium
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The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends the intake of fruit juice be limited to a maximum of how many fluid ounces per day for children 1 to 6 years of age? 5 6 7 8
answer
6
question
Which of the following is NOT a reason that vitamin D and calcium supplements are recommended for elderly individuals? Absorption of calcium is reduced as we age. Older adults frequently use sunscreen, which inhibits the synthesis of vitamin D. Elderly individuals have adequate exposure to sunlight. Less vitamin D is produced in the skin as we age.
answer
Elderly individuals have adequate exposure to sunlight
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The RDA for carbohydrate for toddlers, preschoolers, school-age children, teens, and adults is how many grams per day? 10 95 130 250
answer
130
question
Which of the following is NOT related to the increased iron needs in adolescence? Muscle mass increases. Food choices are often inadequate in iron. Iron is lost because of menstruation (in girls). Iron utilization slows down.
answer
Iron utilization slows down
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In developed countries, the major cause of malnutrition is natural disasters. crime. overpopulation. the unequal distribution of available food.
answer
the unequal distribution of available food
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The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) is responsible for what process regarding foods and surplus commodity foods during an emergency? acquisition sale distribution re-sale
answer
Distribution
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Which of the following individuals would NOT be eligible to receive the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) benefits? Bonita, a three-month-old infant Juan, a two-year-old child Mary, a 32-year-old pregnant woman James, a seven-year-old child
answer
James, a 7 year old child
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What is the term for a situation in which people are unable to obtain enough food to meet their daily physical needs? food poverty food anxiety food shortage food insecurity
answer
Food insecurity
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Infants and children who suffer from malnutrition have a higher mortality rate as a result of starving to death because of the lack of food. decreased resistance to infectious diseases. diarrhea due to drinking unsanitary water. the limited access to health care.
answer
Decreased resistance to infectious diseases
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The World Health Organization (WHO) predicts that by 2020, deaths due to diabetes will increase worldwide by more than what percentage? 10 percent 25 percent 35 percent 50 percent
answer
50%
question
A child who is shorter than his or her expected height for age is suffering from stunting. height deprivation. wasting. linear growth delay.
answer
Stunting
question
The lack of which nutrient in the diet can lead to night blindness in children? vitamin C iodine zinc vitamin A
answer
Vitamin A
question
Which of the following is NOT an effective long-term solution to malnutrition? programs that encourage women to breastfeed their infants immunization programs transitioning of agricultural lands from sorghum and corn to cash crops small-business loans to support community and family farms and gardens
answer
Transitioning of agricultural lands from sorghum and corn to cash crops
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The type of undernutrition that affects toddlers who have recently been weaned from breast milk and given a diet that is severely lacking in protein is known as kwashiorkor. toddler malnutrition. marasmus. protein-deficit malnutrition.
answer
Kwashiorkor
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Which of the following terms is synonymous with the word malignant? tumor benign undifferentiated cancerous
answer
Cancerous
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Carbon and hydrogen are two examples of atoms. antioxidants. electrons. nuclei.
answer
Atoms
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Which of the following is NOT a sign or symptom of cancer? unexplained weight gain fever unexplained weight loss nagging cough or hoarseness
answer
Unexplained weight gain
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Which of the following diseases has NOT been linked to free radical damage? cancer heart disease arthritis type 1 diabetes
answer
Type 1 diabetes
question
Carotenosis, a skin condition associated with consuming high levels of beta-carotene, is also known as what? scleroderma retinosis carotenoids carotenoderma
answer
Carotenoderma
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Symptoms of a vitamin C deficiency include bleeding gums and loose teeth. dementia and dermatitis. night blindness. nosebleeds.
answer
Bleeding gums and loose teeth
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At what stage in the development of cancer do the cancerous cells grow out of control and invade surrounding tissues? initiation promotion progression termination
answer
Progression
question
Which of the following vitamins is the MOST powerful fat-soluble antioxidant? A D E K
answer
E
question
Which of the following is NOT a consequence of the milk-displacement factor? nursing bottle syndrome greater risk of osteoporosis later in life low magnesium intake low vitamin A intake
answer
Nursing bottle syndrome
question
Which of the following is NOT a recommendation to avoid allergies in children? If a child has a negative reaction to a food, never offer it to that child again. Introduce new foods one at a time. Rotate foods in the diet rather than serving them every day. When introducing a new food, watch for any allergic reaction for a week before offering another new food.
answer
If a child has a negative reaction to a food, never offer it to that child again
question
Obesity in children is defined as having a BMI at or above what percentile? 75th 85th 95th 100th
answer
95th
question
Which of the following correctly describes "milk displacement"? the self-weaning of an infant from breast milk the recent surge in formula use the avoidance of dairy products due to the fear of agricultural contaminants the selection of low-nutrient beverages (e.g., soda) in place of milk
answer
The selection of low-nutrient beverages (e.g., soda) in place of milk
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Overweight in children is defined as having a BMI at or above what percentile? 75th 85th 95th 100th
answer
85th
question
An elevated level of blood sodium is called hyponatremia. hypernatremia. hypocalcemia. hypercalcemia.
answer
Hypernatremia
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Which of the following metabolic effects of CR has NOT been reported in any of the human studies? increased energy expenditure a decreased fat mass and lean body mass decreased insulin levels and improved insulin sensitivity decreased core body temperature and blood pressure
answer
Increased energy expenditure
question
Which nutrient deficiency in older adults can lead to a decreased sense of taste and smell? zinc iron vitamin D protein
answer
Zinc
question
The leading cause of death among high-school youths is automobile accidents. alcohol intoxication occurrences. eating disorders. drug overdoses.
answer
Automobile accidents
question
What is an exchange reaction? a reaction that produces free radicals a two-part metabolic reaction that involves a loss and gain of electrons the first stage of cancer development, in which a cell's DNA mutates a reaction that converts a provitamin into the metabolically active form
answer
a two-part metabolic reaction that involves a loss and gain of electrons
question
In the body, vitamin D is essential for blood clotting. calcification of bone. muscle contraction. stimulation of nerve impulses
answer
Calcification of bone
question
Taking vitamin E supplements along with which of the following substances can cause uncontrollable bleeding? antidepressants anticoagulants cholesterol-lowering medications oral contraceptives
answer
Anticoagulants
question
Which nutrient deficiency in older adults can lead to a decreased sense of taste and smell? zinc iron vitamin D protein
answer
Zinc
question
Which of the following is a compound that is needed to activate an enzyme? a cofactor a free radical an electrolyte an antioxidant
answer
a cofactor
question
Which of the following is TRUE about school lunch programs in the United States? All are required to meet updated guidelines on fat and sodium intake. Half meet the federal guidelines on sodium intake One-third meet federal guidelines on total fat intake. More than half meet federal guidelines on saturated fat intake.
answer
All are required to meet updated guidelines on fat and sodium intake.
question
Which of the following vitamins is the MOST powerful fat-soluble antioxidant? A D E K
answer
E
question
Which of the following does the Nutrition Services Incentive Program (former Elderly Nutrition Program) NOT provide? meals designed to provide one-third of the RDA for key nutrients served at senior centers cash and USDA commodity foods to state agencies coupons to use to purchase foods in the grocery store home-delivered meals for qualified elders through the Meals on Wheels program
answer
coupons to use to purchase foods in the grocery store
question
Which of the following is associated with the premature closure of the epiphyseal plate? malnutrition excessive calcium intake obesity reduced activity level
answer
malnutrition
question
Carbon and hydrogen are two examples of atoms. antioxidants. electrons. nuclei.
answer
atoms
question
Most of the body's phosphorus is stored in the liver. adipose tissue. the skeleton. the kidneys.
answer
the skeleton
question
Which of the following nutrients requires the MOST frequent consumption to assure adequate body stores? vitamin A vitamin E vitamin C beta-carotene
answer
Vitamin C
question
Jane takes anticoagulant medication daily to prevent blood clots. Which vitamin must she avoid taking in excess of the RDA, as it could interact with the medication causing uncontrollable bleeding? vitamin E vitamin D vitamin K vitamin C
answer
Vitamin E
question
Which of the following does NOT describe a role that calcitonin plays when blood calcium levels are elevated? Calcitonin limits calcium absorption in the intestine. Calcitonin inhibits osteoclasts from breaking down bone. Calcitonin prevents the reabsorption of calcium in the kidney. Calcitonin stimulates the action of vitamin D.
answer
Calcitonin stimulates the action of vitamin D
question
A T-score between +1 (plus 1) and -1 (minus 1) on a DXA signifies lower than normal bone density. osteoporosis. normal bone density. growing bone.
answer
normal bone density
question
Which of the following are rich sources of vitamin C? milk and cheese seafood wheat and oats green and red peppers
answer
green and red peppers
question
People with diseases that result in the malabsorption of which nutrient are at risk for a vitamin D deficiency? carbohydrate fat minerals protein
answer
fat
question
Which of the following does NOT increase the risk of developing osteoporosis? smoking moderate alcohol consumption low dietary intake of calcium high caffeine consumption
answer
moderate alcohol consumption
question
For proper growth and development, toddlers should consume a minimum of what percentage of their total daily energy intake as fat? 30 percent 45 percent 50 percent 55 percent
answer
30 percent
question
Crops grown to be exported to other countries and not for local consumption are called what? surplus crops imported crops cash crops sustainable crops
answer
cash crops
question
The key to a successful Calorie-restricted diet is to consume 1,000 or fewer calories per day. consume a low-Calorie, high nutrient-dense diet. exercise at least one hour each day while eating fewer calories than usual. join a support group
answer
consume a low-Calorie, high nutrient-dense diet.
question
What nutrient is added to municipal water supplies to promote healthy teeth formation? fluoride sodium vitamin D zinc
answer
fluoride
question
Keshan disease is a heart disorder associated with which of the following deficiencies? vitamin A vitamin C selenium iron
answer
selenium
question
Which of the following is NOT associated with the female athlete triad? hypertension eating disorder osteoporosis amenorrhea
answer
Hypertension
question
Beta-carotene is a precursor of retinol. alpha-tocopherol. zeaxanthin. ascorbic acid.
answer
retinol
question
The majority of our body's fluoride is stored in the liver. adipose tissue. the skeleton. interstitial fluid.
answer
the skeleton
question
The animal form of vitamin K produced by bacteria in the large intestine is phylloquinone. menaquinone. prothrombin. osteocalcin.
answer
menaquinone
question
Which of the following is FALSE concerning calcium? Calcium's alkalinity assists in regulating acid-base balance. Ninety-nine percent of calcium is found in the blood and soft tissue. When blood calcium falls, osteoclasts will liberate calcium from the skeleton. Calcium is a major mineral.
answer
99% of calcium is found in the blood and soft tissue.
question
What medication is effective in treating osteoporosis because of its estrogen-like properties? selective estrogen receptor modulators calcitonin thyroid hormone bisphosphonates
answer
selective estrogen receptor modulators
question
Which of the following is NOT a function of vitamin C? prevents the common cold assists in the synthesis of collagen ensures proper wound healing enhances the absorption of dietary iron
answer
prevents the common cold
question
Which kind of cells are responsible for enabling us see in different colors? rod cone sphere pyramid
answer
cone
question
In developed countries, the major cause of malnutrition is natural disasters. crime. overpopulation. the unequal distribution of available food.
answer
the unequal distribution of available food
question
When does bone growth and modeling start? during fetal development at birth during infancy during childhood
answer
during fetal development
question
How can we increase our absorption of dietary magnesium? eat a high-fiber diet eat a high-carbohydrate diet eat a high-protein diet eat a high-fat diet
answer
eat a high-protein diet
question
Which of the following foods are the richest sources of vitamin E? milk and dairy products fruits and vegetables meat, fish, and poultry mayonnaise, vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds
answer
mayonnaise, vegetable oils, nuts, and seeds
question
Federal guidelines in the United States specify that school lunches must provide how much of the 1989 RDAs for protein, vitamin A, vitamin C, iron, calcium, and energy? 1/4 1/3 1/2 2/3
answer
1/3
question
Which of the following will NOT help establish healthful eating habits in toddlers? Provide small meals alternated with nutritious snacks. Model healthful eating. Use food as a reward for healthful behaviors. Use positive reinforcement to encourage healthful behaviors.
answer
Use food as a reward for healthful behaviors
question
Which of the following is NOT a benefit of a Calorie-restricted (CR) diet? The reduced metabolic rate results in a significantly lower production of free radicals. The reduced caloric intake results in reduced oxidative damage to DNA and other cells. Caloric restriction causes marked improvement in insulin sensitivity. Calorie restriction results in decreased fat mass and increased lean body mass.
answer
Calorie restriction results in decreased fat mass and increased lean body mass.
question
Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by which gland? adrenal parathyroid pituitary thyroid
answer
thyroid
question
Which of the following is the MOST abundant mineral in our body? calcium iron phosphorus fluoride
answer
calcium
question
The deficiency disease associated with vitamin C is scurvy. erythrocyte hemolysis. night blindness. Keshan disease.
answer
scurvy
question
Free radicals are very stable atoms. are rarely formed by the body's fundamental physiological processes. damage the cell's mitochondria. are formed by exposure to air pollution and tobacco smoke
answer
are formed by exposure to air pollution and tobacco smoke
question
One of the side effects of using bisphosphonates is leg cramps. mood swings. abdominal pain. heart palpitations.
answer
abdominal pain
question
The most common nutritional deficiency worldwide is iron. vitamin A iodine. protein.
answer
iron
question
Which of the following foods are good sources of magnesium? green leafy vegetables citrus fruits french fries and onion rings soft drinks and fruit juices
answer
green leafy vegetables
question
Vitamin K's primary role in the body is muscle contraction. enzyme action. nerve transmission. blood clotting.
answer
blood clotting
question
If a healthy individual were to consume too much calcium from the diet, which of the following is MOST likely to occur? hypercalcemia toxicity symptoms, including nausea and dizziness excess calcium excreted in the feces accumulation of calcium in the soft tissues of the body
answer
excess calcium excreted in the feces
question
Where do humans obtain vitamin D? moonlight sunlight intestinal bacteria stomach bacteria
answer
sunlight
question
Assuming equal serving sizes, which of the following foods would be the poorest source of calcium? skim milk whole milk cheddar cheese cottage cheese
answer
cottage cheese
question
Which process determines the shape of bones? bone modeling bone turnover bone growth bone remodeling
answer
bone modeling
question
A group of fat-soluble plant pigments that are the basis for the orange, red, and deep yellow colors of many fruits and vegetables are called carotenoids. provitamins. prooxidants. chlorophylls.
answer
carotenoids
question
A shift in dietary patterns from a lack of food to a high energy intake, which then results in the development of chronic disease, is called the nutrition adaptation. transition. modification. reallocation.
answer
Transition
question
The hormone that assists in maintaining blood calcium levels by stimulating the activation of vitamin D is insulin. cortisol. parathyroid hormone (PTH). calcitonin.
answer
parathyroid hormone (PTH)
question
The fastest-growing age subgroup in the United States today is children under age 2. young adults. people in their 40s. people 85 years of age and older.
answer
people 85 years of age and older
question
The individual with the highest risk of developing a vitamin D deficiency is a(n) exclusively breastfed infant. elderly institutionalized adult who consumes no milk and receives little or no sun exposure. adult living in the northern United States. adolescent female who consumes no milk or dairy products.
answer
elderly institutionalized adult who consumes no milk and receives little or no sun exposure
question
Examples of antioxidant enzyme systems include superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and which of the following? vitamin E catalase beta carotene vitamin C
answer
catalase
question
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning vitamin C? Vitamin C is also known as ascorbic acid. Vitamin C acts as an antioxidant that may help to reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Vitamin C helps the immune system by enabling the body to make white blood cells. Smokers should consume less vitamin C than non-smokers.
answer
Smokers should consume less vitamin C that non-smokers
question
Vitamin C assists in the synthesis of a protein that is a critical component of all connective tissues in the body, known as what? Coumadin collagen tocopherol cofactor
answer
collagen
question
What kind of reaction results in an atom gaining electrons? oxidation reaction reduction reaction promotion reaction radical reaction
answer
reduction reaction
question
Which of the following are NOT good sources of vitamin C? citrus fruits milk and cheese strawberries broccoli
answer
milk and cheese
question
Previously known as the Food Stamp program, the new name for the USDA program that is the primary food assistance program for low-income households is the Commodity Supplemental Food Program. Nutrition Services Incentive Program. Child and Adult Care Program. Supplemental Nutrition Assessment Program.
answer
SNAP
question
Which of the following are two fat-soluble vitamins that humans obtain from non-dietary sources? Answer A and D D and E D and K C and D
answer
D and K
question
Which of the following hormones requires selenium for its synthesis? estrogen insulin cortisol thyroxine
answer
Thyroxine