Nutrition Chapters 8-14

A person's absorption of calcium varies based on: age. vitamin D status. gender. a and b b and c

A young woman wanting to build maximum bone density should do all of the following except: increase her intake of meat protein. reduce her sodium intake. limit her intake of regular cola drinks. participate in regular weight-bearing exercise

After about 25 years of age, regardless of calcium intake, bones begin to lose density. True False

Calcium absorption declines in the elderly because: older people tend to lose lean body mass. aging skin is less efficient at making vitamin D. many elderly people get inadequate sun exposure. a and b b and c

During an exercise activity the body will cool down by: sweating to carry heat away from the surface of the body. increasing urination to carry heat away through the kidneys. drawing the blood away from the surface of the skin to let the body core cool it. using the water from metabolism to cool the body core.

How much water and fluid beverages (in cups) should a man consume each day, under moderate environmental conditions and given a normal diet? 6 9 13 15

Over half of the body's magnesium is stored in the: teeth. liver. bones. kidneys.

Phosphorus is critical to the acid-base balance in cells because of its role in: creating buffers to maintain the correct pH. creating phospholipids to carry fats through the blood. binding with calcium in muscle tissues. transporting sodium from the cells.

The DASH diet is more effective in reducing blood pressure than just decreasing sodium alone because it includes which of the following guidelines? reduce the intake of dairy products add moderate amounts of salt to prepared foods greatly increase intakes of fruits and vegetables eliminate grain products from the diet

The chlorination of water is of concern because: it has no effect on many harmful microorganisms found in water. it has been documented to cause cancer in people who drink it regularly. alternative treatment systems for water are much less expensive and faster to use. deaths from organisms in untreated water are high in other parts of the world.

The first sign of dehydration is: headache. confusion. thirst. fatigue.

The more processed a food: the more sodium it contains. the less potassium it contains. the less sodium it contains. a and b b and c

The principal food source of chloride is: salt. animal products. plants. grains.

The strongest genetic influence on the development of osteoporosis is: the maximum bone mass that can be attained during growth. its influence over the absorption rate of vitamin A. its influence over the amount of bone lost in early adulthood. its effect on estrogen production in young women.

When your body gives the thirst signal it is important to: consider drinking fluids in the near future to prevent dehydration. ignore the signal because you just had a large glass of water. drink fluids to relieve the symptoms of dehydration. drink large volumes of plain water to prevent water intoxication.

Which characteristic of water is represented by its ability to act as a lubricant? ability to act as solvent incompressibility heat-holding capacity a and b b and c

Which of the following groups absorbs the least amount of calcium? adults children infants pregnant women

Which of the following impairs iron absorption? tea phytates vitamin C a and b b and c

Which of the following is the most abundant mineral in the body? calcium phosphorus sodium iron

Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the body's need for water? the reference man and woman both need equal amounts of fluid intake all water must come from beverages because foods don't contain enough to contribute to intake fluid needs for an individual person are the same every day too much plain water consumption can cause a dangerous condition known as water intoxication

Which of the following minerals hardens and stabilizes the crystals of teeth and makes the enamel resistant to decay? fluoride phosphorus calcium chloride

Your best friend complains that she is tired all of the time and has a problem concentrating. In addition, she likes to chew ice. Which of the following is your friend likely to have? potassium deficiency zinc deficiency magnesium deficiency iron deficiency

A body mass index of 25.0 to 29.9 in an adult indicates: normal weight. overweight. underweight. obesity.

A healthy person starting with average body fat can live totally deprived of food for as long as six to eight weeks due to: acidosis. thermogenesis. metabolism. ketosis.

A person who is trying to gain weight and muscle mass will have the best outcome by: reducing physical activity, because it is burning too many calories. choosing nutrient- and energy-dense foods to help build new body tissue. limiting food intake to three large meals a day to eat more calories at a time. adding weight gain supplements, which have been specially formulated for weight gain

A very-low-carbohydrate diet may be accompanied by: substantial fat loss. ketosis. increased appetite, initially. slow weight loss.

A woman weighs 210 pounds and is 65 inches tall. Calculate her BMI. 3.23 28 35 57

A woman who is a varsity soccer player has a BMI of 32, a waist circumference of 32, and 30 percent body fat. What would you say about her body composition? she is obese and at risk for developing chronic diseases she has a high level of visceral fat accumulation her performance will be affected by her body fat accumulation she is within recommendations for waist circumference and percent body fat

All of the following are involved in signaling satiation except: the stomach. the small intestine. the brain's hypothalamus. the heart.

Characteristics of bulimia include all of the following except: the victim is close to her ideal body weight. the victim is unaware that her behavior is abnormal. the victim's weight fluctuates 10 pounds or so over a few weeks. the victim binges and purges

Characteristics of victims of anorexia nervosa include: they come from middle- or upper-class families. they tend to be perfectionists. they are unfamiliar with the calorie content of foods. a and b b and c

Donna weighs 160 pounds. How many grams of fat should Donna consume in order to meet the DRI recommendation, if she consumes 1600 calories a day? 20-45 35-62 45-70 > 70

Fad diets are successful in the short term because they: alter the body's metabolism. reduce satiety and hence appetite. provide the best balance of energy nutrients for weight loss. induce a calorie deficit.

Hunger makes itself known roughly _____ hours after eating. 1-2 2-3 3-5 4-6

If a person uses fasting to lose weight, how will his or her body react? the body will increase the speed of metabolism to burn energy the body will break down fat into ketone bodies to provide fuel the body will become internally cleansed the body will conserve its minerals by restricting their excretion

James is trying to gain weight. Which of the following would you suggest to help James with his goal? Choose milkshakes instead of milk. Drink black coffee. Drink beverages with meals. Skip dessert.

One pound of body fat is equal to _____ calories. 2500 3000 3500 4000

Successful treatment for a young woman with anorexia nervosa includes: separating the client from her family for intense therapy. forced feeding through a feeding tube to quickly replace deficient nutrients. stopping the cycle of weight loss and establishing regular eating patterns. encouraging rapid weight gain to increase muscle mass.

The DRI Committee recommends at least 130 grams of carbohydrate a day. True False

The accumulation of excess visceral fat in the body may lead to health complications because: the fat is more quickly mobilized and released into the bloodstream as HDL cholesterol. it can lead to chronic inflammation, which has been linked to heart disease. the fat accumulates in the upper chest area, which can interfere with lung function. the fat distribution is resistant to physical exercise.

The definition of a food desert is: an urban area where people live with no access to any foods for purchase. an area where no fast-food restaurants are available for quick and easy meals. a rural area where only local supermarkets are available. an area where only convenience stores and fast-food restaurants are close.

The psychological desire to eat is referred to as: satiety. appetite. hunger. obesity.

The theory that a person with more adipose tissue containing energy-wasting proteins will be leaner is referred to as the _____. enzyme theory fat cell theory thermogenesis III theory brown fat theory

The three kinds of energy nutrients can be stored in the body as: glycogen. water. fat. a and c a and b

Which of the following foods has the greatest energy density? french fries that weigh 50 grams and are 167 calories baby carrots that weigh 72 grams and are 31 calories vanilla ice cream that weighs 39 grams and is 155 calories mushroom soup that weighs 65 grams and has 175 calories

Which of the following is based on weight and height and used in clinical settings to assess weight status? BMI fatfold test bioelectrical impedance dual energy X-ray absorptiometry

Which of the following types of foods sustain satiety longer than other foods? high in fiber high in protein high in sugar a and b b and c

You go to the movie theater after eating dinner and smell the popcorn in the concession stand. Although you are full, you start salivating and your stomach grumbles, so you buy a bag to eat during the show. This is an example of what signal for eating? hunger appetite satiation satiety

You have chosen to treat yourself to one weekly mocha latte coffee, which has 215 calories. This could add how much to your body weight in a year's time? 2 pounds 3 pounds 4 pounds 5 pounds

Your aunt is seriously considering having gastric surgery to help her lose weight because previous weight-loss diets have been unsuccessful. What information would you give to help her make her decision? she should not go through the surgery because of the complications others have experienced her BMI of 40 is not high enough to qualify for surgery because she does not have any chronic diseases it is a good idea because the procedure is very simple and has very few complications it is a serious decision because of the lifetime medical and nutrition supervision needed after surgery

A benefit of cardiorespiratory endurance training is that: the stroke volume of the heart decreases because less blood is needed. LDL cholesterol in the blood is reduced. the heart muscle grows larger and stronger. the resting heart rate increases to pump blood more efficiently.

A benefit of resistance training is that: high resistance and few repetitions will build strength. high resistance and high velocity will build muscle power. women will be able to greatly increase bulk in their muscles. training will reduce 24-hour energy expenditure.

A female athlete weighs 120 pounds before a race and 115 pounds after the race. How much fluid should she consume? 2 cups 5 cups 7 cups 10 cups

A person who continues exercising moderately for longer than _____ minutes begins to use less glucose and more fat for fuel. 5 10 15 20

A varsity sprinter is considering taking caffeine pills before his competition to help his performance. What information would you give him? caffeine will be useful because of performance benefits for high-intensity events caffeine will help dilate blood vessels to increase blood flow to the muscles he will not have to worry about adverse effects because caffeine does not have any he needs to be aware that sport governing bodies prohibit high doses of caffeine

An athlete takes vitamin and mineral supplements prior to competition because he believes they can enhance performance. How would you respond to this practice? The practice does not improve performance because there is not enough time for them to be combined with other appropriate parts so they can do their work. The practice has been supported by research and advocated by health care professionals. The practice is beneficial because athletes tend to be deficient in vitamins and minerals. The practice improves performance because the vitamin has time to combine with its other appropriate parts before competition.

An endurance athlete can lose _____ of fluid an hour. 4 cups 3 pints 1.5 quarts 2.5 gallons

Anaerobic glucose breakdown produces a compound called _____ that accumulates in the tissues and blood. urea lactate uric acid amino acid

Any meal should be finished at least _____ hours before an athletic competition. 1 or 2 2 or 3 3 or 4 4 or 5

Calculate the protein needed for a male runner weighing 152 lb who is training for an upcoming competition. He participates in sprints and hurdling races. 55 - 76 83 - 117 83 - 97 117 - 138

Calculate the recommended daily protein intake for a female marathon runner weighing 126 pounds. 46 - 50 g 69 - 80 g 88 - 92 g 92 - 97 g

During exercise the optimal beverage for replacing fluids is: a beverage that supplies glucose. fruit juice. cool water. a salt solution.

Examples of aerobic physical activity include all of the following except: brisk walking. using weight machines. swimming. bicycling.

For athletic performance, the diet should consist of all of the following except: nutrient-dense foods. foods moderate in fat. foods high in carbohydrates. supplements high in protein.

Glycogen depletion occurs after about _____ hour(s) of vigorous activity. one two three four

How many grams of carbohydrate would an athlete need to consume to ensure full glycogen and other nutrient stores and to meet energy needs if he consumes 2800 calories? 140 grams 202 grams 350 grams 490 grams

In the early minutes of an activity, _____ provides the majority of energy the muscles use to go into action. fat liver glycogen muscle glycogen protein

Iron-deficiency anemia impairs physical performance because iron helps deliver the muscles' oxygen. True False

Muscle growth is stimulated by: excess protein in the diet. branched-chain amino acids. physically demanding activity. amino acid supplements.

Muscles respond to the overload of exercise by gaining: strength. fat. size. a and b a and c

One thing to consider when attempting to increase daily physical activity for health is to: begin slowly by only exercising one to two days a week. avoid vigorous exercise if you are elderly. include a higher proportion of vigorous physical activity. begin with an activity such as brisk walking for moderate intensity.

Progressive weight training is not associated with: increased muscle strength. management of cardiovascular disease. greater bone density. reduced lean body tissue.

Protein is needed by the body to support an exercise program because of its role in: contributing a major part of fuel in strength training. sparing carbohydrate from being used for fuel. repairing muscle tissue after exercise. being converted to glycogen for storage in muscles.

Recommendations have been established for moderate physical activity because: over 75 percent of individuals in the U.S. are physically active and need guidelines. physically active people live longer than those who are inactive. very few people are aware of health benefits of physical activity. only participating in a sport will provide health benefits.

Sports anemia: is a normal adaptation to endurance training. requires treatment with iron supplements. is temporary. a and b a and c

Sports drinks offer some advantages over water for athletes who: need to replenish electrolytes. are older. exercise outside in cold weather. a and b b and c

Sports nutrition experts recommend that endurance athletes consume _____ percent of their energy from fat. 5-10 10-20 20-35 35-45

Strategies which help endurance athletes maintain their blood glucose concentrations for as long as they can include: eating a high-carbohydrate diet regularly. taking in glucose during endurance activities. consuming fat and protein before the event. a and b b and c

The advantage for athletes of using sport drinks for fluid replacement is that: they contain double the carbohydrate concentration of soft drinks. they have a pleasant taste which encourages consumption. they are high in sodium to quickly replace losses in sweat. they are very low calorie.

The amount of protein needed for physical activity varies depending on: the type of exercise, with endurance exercise requiring more. carbohydrate intake, with low intakes requiring more. the amount of training in a particular exercise an athlete has had. the need for BCAA supplementation to increase protein synthesis.

The body's need for _____ far surpasses that for any other nutrient. fat water carbohydrate protein

The first symptom of dehydration (besides thirst) is: hypoglycemia. heavy breathing. heat stroke. fatigue.

The health benefits of being physically active include all of the following except: reducing the amount of sleep needed each day. protection against osteoporosis by building bone strength. reducing type 2 diabetes risk by controlling blood glucose. lowering heart disease risk with lowered blood pressure and blood lipids.

The most important antioxidant related to physical activity is: vitamin E. beta carotene. vitamin C. folate.

The role of lactate in enhancing muscle gain is to: raise blood pH to indicate that muscles have not worked enough. restrict release of testosterone and growth hormone. stimulate muscle growth from resistance exercise. cause muscle fatigue as it builds up in the blood.

The term ergogenic: implies that the product has special work-enhancing powers. is associated with supplements claimed to benefit athletes. implies that the product is safe to consume. a and b b and c

To consume an adequate amount of B vitamins, magnesium, and chromium an athlete should eat: meats. whole grains. leafy vegetables. milk.

To emphasize muscle endurance in weight training, you would combine less resistance (lighter weights) with more repetitions. True False

To prevent hyponatremia during prolonged events, athletes should: drink large amounts of water over the course of the event. favor sports drinks over water. eat pretzels in the last half of a long event. a and b b and c

When designing a fitness routine that is intended to help muscles gain strength and size, what must you consider? you should work the same muscle group every day to strengthen it doing aerobic activity will detract from muscle building muscles need a day or two of rest to refuel and repair you only need to do stretching exercises before strength training

Which of the following are most prone to iron deficiency? female athletes endurance athletes power athletes a and b b and c

Which of the following athletes would use the least protein for fuel during exercise? Joe, who consumes a protein-rich diet Charles, who consumes a fat-rich diet Gary, who consumes a carbohydrate-rich diet Rick, who consumes a diet rich in branched-chain amino acids

Which of the following enhances flexibility? weight training aerobic activity calisthenics stretching

Which of the following is not a component of fitness? flexibility muscle strength balance muscle endurance cardiorespiratory endurance

Which of the following nutrients is important for athletes because it is needed for the formation of collagen? vitamin E iron thiamin vitamin C

Which of the following statements regarding carnitine is true? It is a nonessential nutrient. It is a fat burner. The more carnitine consumed, the more energy produced. a and b b and c

Which of the following would not be appropriate as part of a pregame meal? toast and pineapple juice pancakes with syrup high-fiber cereal with low-fat milk baked potato and orange juice

Which statement about the best way to schedule daily physical activity is accurate? you can maintain a healthy body weight with 30 minutes a day of physical activity daily physical activity must be engaged in continuously in one session for health benefits strength training should be done every day moderate-intensity activity can be divided into smaller sessions throughout the day

Why would you tell someone not to drink alcohol before engaging in an athletic event? because it is a diuretic because it makes people nervous because it impairs temperature regulation a and c b and c

Active people do not need extra fluid in cold weather. True False

A 45-year-old man who is overweight and has several family members with heart disease is concerned about developing it. Which risk factor does he have the ability to improve or change? gender family history weight age

A deficiency or toxicity of even a single nutrient can weaken the body's defenses considerably. True False

A main difference between a person contracting an infectious disease or a chronic disease is: infectious diseases are not related to the nutritional status of a person. some infectious diseases can be cured with medications but chronic diseases cannot. special immune-strengthening foods can prevent infectious diseases.

A man with pre-hypertension is trying to keep his blood pressure from going higher. Which of the following dietary changes might help? have at least two glasses of wine a day with dinner remove the salt shaker from the table eliminate high-potassium foods like potatoes and broccoli add vitamin and mineral supplements to make up deficiencies

According to recommendations for reducing CVD risk, the percentage of calories from saturated fat in the diet should be no more than _____ percent. 7 14 20 25

All of the following are actions on the cell in formation of cancer except: all carcinogens damage or change the cell's genetic material to cause cancer. promoters cause the cell to multiply out of control, forming a tumor. cancer cells can spread through the blood and lymph. food contaminants may be powerful carcinogens.

All of the following are risk factors for CVD except: LDL cholesterol of 150 mg/dL. diastolic blood pressure of 80. HDL cholesterol of 25 mg/dL. blood cholesterol of 240 mg/dL.

An atherogenic diet is characterized as one that is: high in saturated fats. high in trans fats. high in polyunsaturated fats. a and b b and c

Effects of protein-energy malnutrition on the body's defense system include: the skin becomes thinner with less connective tissue. antibody secretions and immune cell number are reduced. immune system organs increase in size. a and b b and c

In dietary recommendations to decrease the risk of CVD, trans-fatty acids are classified with _____ fat. saturated polyunsaturated unsaturated monounsaturated

Individuals with hypertension being treated with diuretics should consume foods rich in: calcium. magnesium. potassium. folate.

Jack's physician has placed him on a diet recommended to control his blood cholesterol. In order to follow this plan Jack would: consume £ 200 mg cholesterol per day. consume less than 7% of calories as saturated fat. consume 30% of calories as monounsaturated fats. a and b a and c

Metabolic syndrome with its cluster of factors raises the risk of CVD. True False

Obesity is a risk for certain cancers such as colon, breast, endometrial, pancreas, and kidney cancer. True False

The epigenome on the DNA strand has the responsibility of: regulating the expression of genes by turning them on or off. making the gene expression more permanent and difficult to change. changing the DNA for different functions. being active for only one generation.

The role of inflammation in development of atherosclerosis includes: damage to the cells lining the arteries by factors such as high HDL cholesterol. white blood cells being sent to the site by the immune system to try to repair the damage. production of foam cells that help to capture and remove LDL from the artery wall. proliferation of muscle cells of the artery wall, which repair the site.

Thirty minutes of brisk walking on at least 5 days a week can improve the odds against heart disease. True False

To help prevent hypertension Americans should limit their sodium intake to _____ mg per day. 2000 2200 2300 2600

Wherever dietary fat consists mostly of _____ fats and fish, fruits, and vegetables are eaten in abundance, blood cholesterol and the rate of death from heart disease are low. unsaturated saturated trans omega-6

Which of the following holds the key to maintaining the best possible immune system support? nutrient supplements herbal remedies phytochemicals adequate nutrition

Which of the following raises HDL concentration? weight loss low cholesterol intake physical activity b and c a and c

Which of the following would be a good suggestion for making small changes in the type of fat in your diet for better health? spread margarine instead of butter on your toast for breakfast instead of a snack of potato chips and sour cream dip eat baked tortilla chips and salsa purchase only foods labeled "no trans fats" to be guaranteed they are low in fat select chicken nuggets instead of a hamburger at a fast-food restaurant

Which of the following would be the best way to add more fruits and vegetables to your diet? use ketchup on your french fries instead of salt have fruit roll-ups for a snack have a glass of orange drink for breakfast every day keep a bag of baby carrots in the refrigerator for snacking

You have a friend with AIDS and are trying to support his nutrition status. Which of the following would you do? offer large, frequent meals encourage consumption of megadoses of nutrient supplements cook foods thoroughly and practice cleanliness cook a lot of food in advance and leave it out for your friend

A processing technique that preserves food by boiling it and sealing it in an impervious container is called: freezing. drying. extrusion. canning.

Billy loves to eat raw seafood and does so frequently. As a result, Billy runs the risk of suffering from: hepatitis. AIDS. worms. a and b a and c

Characteristics of foods that have undergone extrusion include: they usually have had colors added to them. they should be used as staple foods. they have undergone considerable nutrient losses. a and b a and c

Current evidence indicates that moderate intakes of artificial sweeteners pose no health risks. True False

Frozen foods' nutrient content is similar to that of: dried foods. canned foods. foods that have undergone extrusion. fresh foods.

How does modified atmosphere packaging protect foods? it kills oxygen-dependent bacteria it increases oxidative browning it excludes oxygen needed by many bacteria it prevents the bacteria Clostridium botulinum from multiplying

If pesticides have been used on fresh fruits and vegetables, what do you know about the safety of those foods? there is no pesticide residue left when they are processed and packaged some foods tested by the FDA had pesticide levels exceeding safe limits most pesticides can be removed by thoroughly washing the foods pesticides will kill all of the insects on the foods

Joe is planning a trip to Mexico and wants to practice food safety while traveling. You would tell Joe to: eat raw fruits. use lots of ice in beverages. use the local water supply. avoid salads.

One difference between toxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus and Clostridium botulinum in foods is that: Clostridium must have an acidic environment to produce toxins. Staph toxins are heat stable and survive cooking. Clostridium must have exposure to air to survive. Staph is a very rare type of food intoxication.

One purpose of genetic engineering is to: remove unwanted nutrient levels from foods. make crops resistant to diseases. clone animals that are raised as sources of meat. kill all pests that attack specific plants.

Organic foods reduce harm to the environment because they are produced by sustainable agriculture methods such as: using no pesticides of any kind. using only composted vegetable matter for fertilizer. allowing insects to remain on plants. raising animals in natural surroundings with access to the outdoors.

Results of commercial drying of foods include: it eliminates microbial spoilage. it eliminates the water in foods. it causes major nutrient losses. a and b a and c

The best way to keep chilled foods safe is to: thaw meats quickly by putting them under running hot water in the sink. put foods that have been sitting out too long into the freezer to cool them down. refrigerate them immediately after getting home from the grocery store. put leftover foods into deep containers so the outside layers will cool the inner layers.

The best way to reduce the possibility of incidental contaminants getting into foods while microwaving is to: use bleached white cardboard containers for microwaving. transfer leftover foods into margarine tubs to re-heat. wrap foods in plastic wrap to keep contaminants out while heating. use glass or ceramic containers for heating foods in the microwave.

The difference between foodborne infection and foodborne intoxication is that: foodborne intoxication results from chemicals produced by microbes. foodborne intoxication requires oxygen for microbes to multiply. foodborne infection can be detected by a bad odor in food. foodborne infection cannot result from eating raw vegetables.

The potato salad you brought to the picnic potluck in the park has been sitting out for 4 hours during the meal on a hot sunny day. What should you do with the leftover servings once the meal is finished? take the salad home and transfer into a new container and freeze it check the salad to see if it has a spoiled smell and throw it away if it does throw away the leftovers because they have been at an unsafe temperature too long put it in the refrigerator to cool it before serving again

The proper way to wash hands when handling foods is to: rinse hands in cool water for 30 seconds or more. wash hands with soap and warm water for 15 seconds. rub antibacterial sanitizing rub on dry hands. quickly run hands under scalding water for 5 seconds.

The word organic on the label is no guarantee that a food is: completely pesticide-free. fertilized with manure or vegetable compost. grown without hormones or antibiotics. produced without genetic modification.

To avoid cross-contamination of foods: it is good practice to keep a separate cutting board just for raw meats. avoid placing a raw slice of tomato on a cooked hamburger patty. do not place containers of cooked foods to chill next to each other on the same shelf. do not thaw raw meats in the refrigerator.

What can be said about fresh produce and foodborne illness? fruits and vegetables are safe because they cannot be infected by illness-causing bacteria if you rinse produce it will remove all contaminants that may be on the surface all canned vegetables are safe from bacteria-causing toxins produce grown close to the ground may be irrigated with contaminated water

Which of the following is most susceptible to bacterial contamination? roast steak ground meat chicken

Which of the following is(are) not intentionally used in or on foods? additives contaminants pesticides a and b b and c

Which of the following statements is true concerning the GRAS list? It includes a list of additives believed to be safe. It stands for "generally recognized as safe." It is not subject to revision as new facts become known. a and b a and c

Which of the following would be least likely to lose any vitamin C during the freezing process? peaches pineapples apples strawberries

You are interested in using a preservative which will prevent fruits from undergoing changes in color and flavor caused by exposure to oxygen in the air. Which of the following would you use? vitamin C nitrites tartrazine salt

You are selecting salad ingredients for your dinner in a grocery store and see puffy sealed plastic bags containing mixed cut salad vegetables. Should you select this product? no, because bacteria in the bag have caused it to swell no, because it has been irradiated yes, because extra oxygen has been added to the bag for freshness yes, because modified atmosphere packaging has been used

A 17-year-old girl still in high school has just become pregnant. What advice should she be given about her nutrient intake during pregnancy? she needs to control her calorie intake so she doesn't gain very much weight she needs to take a prenatal vitamin supplement to be certain she is getting enough folate she should reduce her exercise level because it will burn too many calories she should take herbal products instead of nausea medicines for morning sickness

A low-birthweight baby is defined as one who weighs less than 5 1/2 pounds. True False

A low-birthweight baby is nearly 40 times more likely to die in the first year of life than is a normal-weight baby. True False

A nursing mother produces about _____ ounces of milk a day. 10 15 20 25

A pregnancy weight gain of _____ pounds is recommended for women who are at their appropriate weights. 13 15 - 25 25 - 35 28 - 40

A pregnant woman should strive to meet her DRI for _____ by increasing intakes of milk, cheese, yogurt, and other foods rich in this mineral, or by taking a 600 mg supplement daily. sodium calcium iodine potassium

A sudden, large weight gain during pregnancy is always a danger signal. True False

A woman has gained 30 pounds in her first two months of pregnancy and has been diagnosed with gestational diabetes. What should she know about her health risks from this condition? she is at risk of having a small-birthweight baby this condition is permanent and must be monitored frequently she should stop eating all carbohydrates to lower her blood glucose this condition usually goes away after the baby is born

A woman who craves nonnutritious substances during pregnancy: may have a nutrient-poor diet. is experiencing pica. is experiencing an adaptive behavior. a and b b and c

A woman who has just become pregnant is used to drinking 2 pots of coffee a day. What adjustments should she make in her caffeine consumption? she should drink diet colas instead of coffee studies have shown that there is not a problem with caffeine she should limit coffee consumption to one coffee cup a day she should eliminate tea and cola intake because they increase risk of fetal death

Alcohol consumption by women during pregnancy can result in all of the following except: low infant birthweight. an increase in stillbirths. blindness in infants. organ damage.

All of the following are recommended for vegetarian women who are pregnant except: legumes. tofu. whole grains. high-protein supplements

An advantage for the mother of breastfeeding her infant would be: eating however much food she wants because she will lose weight quickly. conserving her iron stores for several months. being able to sleep through the night without interruption. not needing to introduce any other foods to the infant for the first two months.

An estimated 85% of children with type 2 diabetes are: physically inactive. obese. hypertensive. Asian.

An initial goal for management of overweight and obesity in children is to encourage moderate weight loss. True False

An initial goal for obese children is to: hold weight steady while they grow taller. slow their rate of gain. lose weight quickly. a and b b and c

An obese woman is trying to get pregnant with her first baby. What recommendation would you give her? she should not gain any weight during her pregnancy she should try to lose weight during her pregnancy she should avoid getting pregnant if at all possible she should try to achieve a healthy pre-pregnancy weight first

Billy is a 6-month-old infant. Which of the following foods should Billy consume? finely chopped meat pureed vegetables whole cooked egg cheese

Characteristics of breast milk include that: its sodium content is low. its protein is largely alpha-lactalbumin. its vitamin C content is poor. a and b b and c

Cindy experienced malnutrition late in her pregnancy. Which of the following organs of the infant will most likely be affected? lungs heart stomach brain

Constipation during pregnancy should be relieved by: a high-fiber diet. plentiful water intake. the use of laxatives. a and b b and c

It is desirable to begin feeding the infant iron-fortified cereals by about _____ months. three six nine twelve

Most babies are born with enough _____ to last about half a year. calcium fluoride vitamin D iron

The stage of human gestation from eight weeks after conception until birth of an infant is called a(an): embryo. zygote. fetus. ovum.

The two weeks following fertilization are considered to be a critical period developmentally for the zygote. True False

Which of the following is the single most potent indicator of an infant's future health status? mother's prepregnancy weight mother's weight gain during pregnancy infant's birthweight mother's prepregnancy nutrition status

Which woman is at risk of not developing a healthy placenta? a woman who is 30 pounds overweight a woman with anorexia nervosa who is restricting her food intake a woman eating a balanced vegetarian diet an underweight woman who has increased her food intake to gain weight

Women who have uncontrolled high blood glucose levels during pregnancy may experience complications such as: development of hypoglycemia later in life. preterm labor. low infant birthweight. development of preeclampsia.

You are counseling a pregnant woman who is experiencing "morning sickness." To alleviate this condition you tell her to: sip a carbonated beverage before getting out of bed. nibble on a soda cracker before getting out of bed. try drinking beverages between meals only. a and b b and c

The weight that pregnant women put on is nearly all fat tissue. True False

A 2-year-old toddler is going through periods of food jags where she is concentrating on only one or two favorite foods to eat. Should her parents be concerned about her nutritional status? yes, because she will develop lifelong habits of rejecting many foods no, because her body will let her know what nutrients she needs to eat yes, because she may not get adequate iron intake from the foods she selects no, because it will keep her from becoming overweight

A child's appetite fluctuates after the age of: nine months. one year. two years. three years.

A parent who wishes to protect her child from lead toxicity would do all of the following except: prevent the child from chewing on old painted surfaces. feed the child additional protein. wash the child's hands, bottles, and toys often. make sure the child gets an adequate calcium intake.

A young child who used to like bananas now gets nauseated if he has to eat them. This has happened ever since he became ill two months ago from spinning on a carousel immediately after eating a banana in the playground. This would be an example of a: food allergy. food intolerance. food aversion. food immunity.

Absorption of _____ appears to increase with aging. vitamin A vitamin D calcium iron

After the age of 50, the intake recommendation for energy assumes a _____ percent reduction in energy output per decade. 5 12 15 20

An adolescent girl is drinking diet colas instead of milk because she wants to control her weight. What advice would you give her to aid in developing peak bone mass? she needs to immediately stop drinking diet colas increasing physical activity will make up for the low calcium intake she needs to eat high-calcium snacks such as low-fat cheese if she reduces her exercise she won't need as much calcium to build bones

An elderly woman in a nursing home no longer goes outside to enjoy the sunshine and fresh air, has reduced her meat intake because her dentures don't fit well, and has recently been having difficulty concentrating on conversations with others. This may be leading to a deficiency of which vitamins? vitamin D and vitamin B12 vitamin A and folate vitamin C and thiamin vitamin K and riboflavin

Hormones that regulate the menstrual cycle also alter: glucose tolerance. food intake. iron absorption. a and b b and c

Lois is a 65-year-old female who participates in an exercise class at least three times a week. In addition, she drinks six glasses of water each day and consumes a lot of fresh fruits and vegetables and whole-grain breads and cereals. Lois has high blood pressure, takes medication for her hypertension, and experiences constipation frequently. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her constipation? low fiber intake inadequate exercise medications low fluid intake

Older adults should drink at least _____ cups of fluid a day to provide needed water. 3 5 6 8

School lunches are designed to provide at least _____ of the recommended intake for certain nutrients. one-fourth one-half one-third two-thirds

The best way to determine if a teenager is growing normally is to: use growth charts developed for teenagers. calculate the appropriate height and weight based on age. compare him or her with peers. compare his or her height and weight with previous measures taken earlier.

The life-threatening food allergy reaction of anaphylactic shock is most often caused by: almonds, yeast breads, and oranges. tomatoes, yeast breads, and bananas. eggs, peanuts, and milk. soy, fish, and strawberries.

Ways to prevent a child from choking include: giving the child round foods, like grapes and nuts. avoiding dangerous foods such as chips and popcorn. encouraging the child to sit when eating. a and b b and c

What changes are seen in water balance as we get older? total body water increases because the kidneys become more efficient our thirst mechanism does not work as efficiently so we may forget to drink fluids increased intake of water can lead to additional fluid in the lungs, causing pneumonia in a person confined to bed, water retention can lead to pressure ulcers on the back

What is the most important nutrition concern for the person with Alzheimer's disease? prevention of weight loss elimination of dietary aluminum supplementation with zinc treatment with the medicinal herb ginkgo biloba

Which of the following can interfere with the absorption of certain antibiotics? dairy products nicotine gum calcium-fortified juices a and b a and c

Which of the following foods should be used infrequently in order to control dental caries? carrot sticks bagels chocolate milk plain yogurt

Which of the following is not a cause of "hyper" behavior in children? lack of exercise overstimulation too much television too much sugar