Sociology (Chapter 3)

T/F The tragic case of Anna shows that without adequate NUTRITION, a human being cannot develop a personality or self.

T/F Psychologist JOHN B. WATSON claimed that specific patterns of human behavior are not instinctive, but learned.

T/F The "id" in Freud's work represents the human being's basic drives, which are unconscious and demand immediate satisfaction.

T/F The "ego" in Freud's model of personality is the same as "conscience."

T/F Erik H. Erikson emphasized that ALMOST ALL important socialization takes place during childhood.

T/F Schools provide most children with their first experience of bureaucracy.

T/F Members of a peer group share common interests, social position, and a similar age.

T/F A COLLEGE is a good example of a total institution.

__________ refers to the lifelong social experience by which human beings develop their potential and learn culture.

__________ refers to a person's fairly consistent patterns of acting, thinking, and feeling?

Which theory, developed by the psychologist John B. Watson, claims that human behavior is not instinctive, but learned within a social environment?

In the nature vs. nurture debate, sociologists claim that __________.

If you were to summarize the lesson learned from the case of Anna, you would correctly conclude that a.) Social experience plays a crucial part in forming human personality. b.) Both social experience and the presence of the birth mother are crucial to early development. c.) The effect of long-term social isolation can be overcome in a relatively short time. d.) All of these are correct.

Our basic drives or needs as humans are reflected in Freud's concept of the __________.

In Freud's model of personality, which element of the personality represents a person's efforts to balance the demands of society and innate pleasure-seeking drives?

Jean Piaget's focus was on __________.

According to Piaget, in what stage of human development do individuals experience the world only through sensory contact?

For Jean Piaget, at which stage of development do individuals first use language and other cultural symbols?

The focus of Lawrence Kohlberg's research was __________.

George Herbert Mead considered the self to be __________.

Mead placed the origin of the self on __________.

By "taking the role of the other," Mead had in mind __________.

According to Mead, children learn to take the role of the other as they model themselves on important people in their lives, such as parents. Mead referred to these people as __________.

Mead used the concept "generalized other" to refer to __________.

Which of the following statements comes closest to describing Erik H. Erikson's view of socialization? a.) Personality develops over the entire life course in patterned stages. b.) Personality involves tensions between the forces of biology and forces of culture. c.) We come to see ourselves as we think others see us. d.) Most of our personality development takes p lace in childhood.

The special importance of the peer group is the fact that it __________.

In her research, Elisabeth Kübler-Ross found that death __________.

A __________ refers to a setting where a staff tries to radically change someone's personality through carefully controlling the environment?

According to Erving Goffman, the goal of a total institution is __________.

Which of the following traits linked to a total institution is NOT correct? a.) Staff members supervise all aspects of daily life. b.) Staff members encourage the individual growth and creativity of inmates. c.) Inmates have standardized food, clothing, and activities. d.) Formal rules direct people's daily routines.

Which of the following BEST sums up Goffman's idea of the resocialization process? a.) Break down an old identity, then build up a new identity. b.) Reward inmates for being creative. c.) Help integrate inmates into the larger society. d.) All of these responses are correct.

An inmate who loses the capacity for independent living is described as __________.