Sociology Test#1 Chapter 3

Personality

It is human nature to nuture

For human beings, it is our nature to nurture.

Long-term social isolation leads to permanent developmental damage in both monkeys and humans

the exchange of symbols

People see themselves as they think others see them.

significant others

families pass along social identity to children in terms of class, ethnicity, and religion.

obedience, creativity

exposing the child to a bureaucratic setting.

lets children escape the direct supervision of parents.

rich societies extend childhood much longer than do poor societies.

are often viewed as less important than younger adults.

prejudice and discrimination against the elderly.

radically alter a person's personality or behavior

Stripping away an old identity, then building a new identity

nurture is far more important than nature.

monkeys isolated for six months were highly fearful when they were returned to their group.

humans have basic, self-centered drives that must be controlled by learning the ways of society.

recognizing that people have different views of most situations.

people see themselves as they think others see them.

significant others.

obedience; creativity

needs to be told what he should draw during free art time

There are cultural inconsistencies in this stage when people are no longer children but not yet adults.

Institutionalized.

All of these responses are correct.

Socialization is a complex lifelong process. "From the cradle to the grave."

Theory of Gender and Moral Development. Boys and girls use different standards of rightness. Boys have a justice perspective which relies on formal rules to define right and wrong. Girls tend to have a care and responsibility perspective, judging a situation with an eye toward personal relationships and loyalty.

developed social behaviorism. The self= personality is composed of self awareness and self image, it develops only with social experience. Social experience is the exchange of symbols (words, gestures, things). Humans attach and find meanings in actions by imagining people's underlying intentions (text messages). Understanding intention requires imagining a situation from the other's point of view. Mead suggest that all symbolic interaction involves seeing ourselves as others see us, known as "taking the role of the other."

According to Charles Cooley, others represent a mirror in which we come to view ourselves, our self image is based on how we think others see us. Is there really a concept of "self-esteem?"

By taking on the role of the other, we become self-aware. We initiate an action, I phase, and then we evaluate the action based on how others respond to us, the Me phase.

According to Mead, the key to developing the self is learning to take the role of the other (extreme empathy).

Family: has the greatest impact on socialization. In addition to teaching children skills, values, and beliefs it also gives children a social position in society. Social class plays a large role in shaping personality. A family's social standing affects how others see them and eventually how they see themselves. Lower economic class families value obedience as a key trait while upper class families value independent thinking. Blame your parents for where you end up in life.School: teaches children a wide variety of knowledge and skills, informally conveys value lessons, there is also a hidden curriculum.Peer Group: a social group whose members have interests, social position, and age in common. Allows children to escape direct adult supervision.Mass Media: newspapers, radio, TV. More U.S. homes have a T.V. than telephone. Soon competes equally with school and family.

Socialization is a process which continues throughout our lives. Society organizes human experience according to age.

the concept of childhood is grounded in culture, Americans consider childhood the first 12 years of life. Marked by biological immaturity.

the buffer between childhood and adulthood. The teen years, marked by emotional and social turmoil as identities are formed. Social contradictions.

Early adulthood=until age 40. Young adults learn to manage day to day affairs and juggle conflicting priorities. Middle=40-60, become set in your ways, health begins to decline.

final stages of life, 65-until. "Graying" of the U.S. population, a small number have poor health, many are pushed out of society.

there are five stages: denial, anger, negotiation, resignation, acceptance.

A total institution is a setting in which people are isolated from the rest of society and controlled by an administrative staff (prison, military, mental hospital, convent). Supervision, rules, uniforms, routines. The purpose of these types of institutions is resocialization, radically changing an inmate's personality by carefully controlling the environment. It is a two-part process: breakdown/strip away the existing identity then build up a new one. Really?