Psych Exam 3 Final

The Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) is a projective ____________ A) In which people are presented with ambiguous images B) That employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards C) That is designed to be culturally relevant to people from different ethnic groups D)That is similar to a word association test

The ________ approach to the study of personality came about in reaction to the dominance of Western approaches to the study of personality in non-Western settings. A) Culture B) Feminist C) Indigenous D) TEMAS

Which of the following is NOT part of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory? A) Observation Learning B) Reaction formation C) Reciprocal determinism D) Self-Efficacy

Jessica believes that she succeeds in high school because she works hard, earned a place on the basketball team because she practices constantly, and cooks well because she takes cooking classes. Julian Rotter would say that Jessica has ________. A) An external locus on control B) An internal locus of control C) Good self regulation D) Poor self regulation

In Carl Jung's view, the task of integrating unconscious archetypal aspects of the self is part of ________ in the second half of life. A) Affirming the sexual identity B) Resolving the Electra Complex C) Learning based on reinforcements and punishments D) The self realization process

Ingrid is energized by being alone, speaks slowly and softly, and avoids attention. Carl Jung would call her a(an) ________. A) Extrovert B) Humanist C) Introvert D) Neo-Freudian

Carl Jung referred to the ________ as the mask we adopt. A) Id B) Ideal Self C) Persona D) Superego

According to Carl Jung, which of the following best served the goal of self-realization? A) Ability of the extrovert to become an introvert in the second half of life B) Ability of the introvert to become an extrovert in the second half of life C) Balance between extroversion and introversion D) Moving past the archetypes of the collective unconscious

What is the advantage of applying learning approaches to the study of personality? A) They are feminist B) They are multicultural C) They can be scientifically tested D) They test animals personalities

Which of the following is NOT part of Albert Bandura's social cognitive theory? A) Observation learning B) Reaction formation C) Reciprocal determinism D) Self-Efficacy

How are the principles of reciprocal determinism present in observational learning? A) Individuals are either introverts or extroverts B) Cognitive processes depend on sexual desires C) Personal factors determine which behaviors in the environment a person chooses to imitate D) The environment determines which unconscious archetypes a person chooses to enact.

Asa is buying a gift for his mother, an overbearing woman who is difficult to please. When a clerk asks him who he is shopping for he replies, "my smother" instead of "my mother." What does this exemplify? A) Ideal self B) Personality C) Freudian slip D) Repressed memory

Who developed one of the earliest theories of personality, stating that personality traits and human behaviors are based on four separate temperaments associated with four fluids ("humors") of the body? A) Hippocrates B) Immanuel Kant C) Sigmund Freud D) Wilhelm Wundt

Self-efficacy is _____ A) A state of being in which our thoughts about our real and ideal selves are very similar B) Our level of confidence in our own abilities C) The belief that ones environment can determine behavior D) The belief that we have power over our lives

Sigmund Freud suggested that people who are dominated by their ________ might be narcissistic and impulsive. A) Ego B) Id C) Superego D) Unconscious

Who designed the first comprehensive system of Constitutional Psychology? A) Abraham Maslow B) Carl Rogers C) Gordon Allport D) William H. Sheldon

According to Carl Rogers, how can parents help their children achieve high congruence? A) Forcing them to be independent B) Giving them unconditional love C) Not allowing them to use their defense mechanisms D) Pointing out their mistakes

According to Sigmund A, an adult who smokes, drinks, overeats, or bites her nails is fixated in the ________ stage of her psychosexual development. A) Anal B) Genital C) Oral D) Phallic

Which of the following was one of Alfred Adler's main contributions to personality theory? A) Advocating for analytical psychology B) Suggesting that our birth order shapes our personality C) The idea that men have womb envy D) The theory that our personality develops in psycho social stages.

In Albert Bandura's social-cognitive theory, behavior refers to ________. A) The individual's unconscious conflicts B) Anything an individual does that can be punished or rewarded C) Anything an individual thinks or believes D) The individual's feelings and drives

Kim believed he failed his math class because the test was too hard, passed his psychology class because the professor passed every student in the class, and didn't get the internship because the manager didn't give him a chance. Julian Rotter would say that Kim has ________. A) Generativity B) An external locus of control C) an internal locus of control D) Intimacy

Max's behavior and self-presentation is relaxed and informal with his friends. When he goes on a job interview he projects professionalism and formality with his attire and language. What would Carl Jung suggest about Max? A) Max adopted a professional persona for his job interview B) Max has an Oedipus Complex C) Max is an archetype D) Max is an introvert

Karen Horney suggested ways in which people typically cope with day-to-day problems. According to Horney, these strategies could ________ if used rigidly and compulsively. A) Become neurotic strategies B) Lose their effectiveness C) Result in a complete mental breakdown D) Result in obsessive-compulsive behavior

Dan avoids applying to college because he doubts he can succeed. He is working a retail job, but he tends to focus on the things he does wrong. In fact, he has almost no confidence in his abilities, and when he experiences a setback at work he is ready to quit. Albert Bandura would say Dan has ________. A) High in cognitive processes B) High self-efficacy C) Low self-efficacy D) High internal locus of control

A(an) ________ locus of control is the belief that our outcomes are outside of our control; an ________ locus of control is the belief that we control our own outcomes. A) Congruent; in-congruent B) External; internal C) Internal; external D) real; ideal

The traits openness, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism are key components of the ________. A) Five Factor Model B) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) C) TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test D) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

The ________ is composed of a series of true and false questions in order to establish an individual's clinical profile. A) Big Five test B) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) C) Rorschach Inkblot Test D) TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test

Cognitive processes refer to previously learned _______. A) Archetypes and personas B) Beliefs and expectations C) Defense mechanisms and coping strategies D) Myths, legends, and stories

The ________ Inkblot Test employs a series of symmetrical inkblot cards that are presented to a client by a psychologist in an effort to reveal the person's unconscious desires, fears, and struggles. A) Julian Rotter B) Rorschach C) TAT D) TEMAS

Which question was central to the marshmallow test? A) Do you think you could accomplish great things even when the fates are against you? B) Is your life more like a marshmallow or more like a rock? C) Would you be able to resist getting a small reward now in order to get a larger reward later? D) Would you make the same decisions your parent would make?

If parents are too lenient in the ________ stage, the child might become messy, careless, disorganized, and prone to emotional outbursts. A) Anal B) Genital C) Oral D) Phallic

The ________ uses images and storytelling that relate to Hispanic culture. A) Five Factor Model B) Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) C) TEMAS Multicultural Thematic Apperception Test D) Thematic Apperception Test (TAT)

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's seventh stage of psychosocial development, in which individuals contribute to society and focus on being a part of a family? A) Generativity vs. stagnation B) Initiative vs. guilt C) Intimacy vs. isolation D) Trust vs. mistrust

Many cultures have stories about a hero who goes on a quest, such as Hercules, King Arthur, and Gilgamesh. What would Carl Jung say this exemplified? A) Archetype B) Id C) Neuroticism D) Unconscious anxiety

Carl Jung's view of extroverted and introverted types serves as a basis of the ________. A) Collective unconscious B) Myers-Briggs Type Indicator C) Rorschach Inkblot Test D) Tell-me-a-story thematic Apperception Test (TEMAS)

Tammy has a positive view of challenges: She views them as tasks to be mastered. She develops a deep interest in and a strong commitment to becoming a good teacher. When she doesn't pass her first teaching exam, she quickly recovers and works to overcome the setback. Albert Bandura would say Tammy has ________. A) Low in cognitive processes B) High self-efficacy C) Low self-efficacy D) High in external locus of control

What is the developmental task of Erik Erikson's eighth stage of psychosocial development, in which an individual assesses and makes sense of her life and the meaning of her contributions? A) Autonomy vs. shame/doubt B) Generativity vs. stagnation C) Identity vs. confusion D) Integrity vs. despair

As the "third force" in psychology, ________ is touted as a reaction both to the pessimistic determinism of psychoanalysis and to the behaviorists' view of humans passively reacting to the environment. A) Biological determinism B) Externalism C) Humanism D) Social cognition theory

Why was Sigmund Freud trained as a medical doctor and not a psychologist? A) He tried to become a psychologist, but he could not pas the required exams B) He tried to become a psychologist, but no university would admit a Jewish student C) His theories were too radical, so he trained as a physician to give himself creditability D) There was no such thing as a degree in psychology when he received his education

During which period are sexual feelings dormant as children focus on other pursuits, such as school, friendships, hobbies, and sports? A) Anal B) Genital C) Latency D) Phallic

According to Galen, the ________ person is passionate, ambitious, and bold. A) Choleric B) Melancholic C) Phlegmatic D) Sanguine

Which of the following theorists is NOT neo-Freudian? A) Albert Bandura B) Carl Jung C) Erik Erikson D) Karen Horney

What is the main difference between Sigmund Freud and the neo-Freudians? A) Neo-Freudians reduced the emphasis on sex, focusing more on the social environment and effects of the culture B) Neo-Freudians theorized about personality while Sigmund Freud did not. C) Neo-Freudians emphasized childhood sexuality while Sigmund Freud did not. D) Sigmund Freud was a feminist while the neo-Freudians were not.

The ________ refers to the universal version of the personal unconscious, holding mental patterns, or memory traces, which are common to all of us. A) Collective unconscious B) Gestalt C) Id D) Ideal self

Hippocrates theorized phlegmatic, the personality trait, was associated with ___________. A) Black bile from the kidneys B) White phlegm from the lungs C) Temperament D) Cholera

What was the primary finding of the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart? A) Identical twins have very different personalities, even if they are raised together B) Identical twins have very similar personality when raised together, but not when raised apart C) Identical twins, whether raised together or apart, have very similar personalities D) Identical twins do not have very much personality

When Imogene feels anxiety, she clings to her mother and father for affection and reassurance. Which of Karen Horney's coping strategies is Imogene using? A) Moving against people B) Moving toward people C) Reaction formation D) Repression

The concept of ________ suggests that people choose to move to places that are compatible with their personalities and needs. A) Discrimination emigration B) Elective immigration C) Personality location D) Selective migration

Which of the following is NOT a good way to describe personality? A) Someone's personality is easy to change B) Someone's personality is not easily to changed C) Someone's personality is stable D) Someone's personality exists over the long term

Who believed that our personality traits are influenced by our genetic inheritance? A) Carl Jung and Sigmund Freud B) Carl Rogers and Karen Horney C) Erik Erikson and Abraham Maslow D) Hans and Subil Eysenck

According to Abraham Maslow, the highest of the hierarchy of needs is ________. A) Good parenting B) Love C) Self-actualization D) Self-efficacy

In Hippocrates theory of personality, what bodily humor was associated with choleric temperament? A) Black bile from the kidneys B) Red blood from the heart C) White mucous from the lungs D) Yellow bile from the liver

After Mike does not get the job he interviewed for, he moves back in with his parents and spends his days playing video games like he did when he was 12 years old. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? A) Reaction formation B) Regression C) Repression D) Sublimation

In the ________ stage, there is a sexual reawakening as the incestuous urges resurface. The young person redirects these urges to other, more socially acceptable partners (who often resemble the other-sex parent). A) Anal B) Genital C) Oral D) Phallic

Ina can no longer read the street signs, but she refuses to admit she needs glasses to drive. Which defense mechanism does this exemplify? A) Denial B) Displacement C) Unconscious D) Temperament

Research suggests that there are two dimensions of our temperament that are important parts of our adult personality: ______ and self-regulation. A) Reactivity B) Interactivity C) Character D) Sexual drives

Who proposed the locus of control concept? A) Albert Bandura B) Carl Jung C) Julian Rotter D) Walter Mischel

Which statement summarizes the main idea of reciprocal determinism? A) Emotions are cognitive processes with behavioral antecedents B) How we cope with anxiety reflects our personality C) Our behavior, cognitive processes, and situational context all influence each other D) Our defense mechanisms are formed in childhood

________ describes a proportion of difference among people that is attributed to genetics. A) Heritablity B) Personality C) Temperament D) Trait

What was the main idea behind Erik Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? A) An individual's personality develops throughout the lifespan. B) An individual's personality is determined in childhood. C) Individuals are either introverts or extroverts. D) The Electra complex caused women to be neurotic.

Roger and Joan have passion in their relationship, and they commit to supporting each other through difficulties. But when it comes to sharing their thoughts, they lack intimacy. Their love is called ________. A) Consummate B) Empty C) Fatuous D) Infatuation

A(n) ________ is the evaluation of or feelings toward a person, idea, or object that are typically positive or negative. A) Attitude B) Cognition C) Role D) Sense

________ is people's desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits. A) Homophily B) Reciprocity C) Social Exchange D) Altruism

Which of the following best exemplifies prosocial behavior? A) Avery forgets to call his grandmother on Mother's Day B) Jason is blackmailed by Brianna C) Mateo's mother provides child support payments to Mateo's father because she is required by law D) Tyler volunteers to visit his aunt once a week to bring her groceries since she cannot drive

Who conducted the Stanford prison experiment? A) Asch B) Milgram C) Rosenthal D) Zimbardo

What is groupthink? A) Arguments between group members that result in the dissolution of the group B) Modification of the opinions of leadership to agree with the numerical minority C) Modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus D) Pressure from above on group members designed to eliminate leadership

The ________ hypothesis is the ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve. A) Dogma B) Just-deserts C) Just-world D) Karma

_____ aggression is motivated by achieving a goal and does not necessarily involve intent to cause pain. A) Bystander B) Cyber C) Hostile D) Instrumental

What is the MAIN point of the textbook discussion of Milgram's obedience study? A) Groups will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person B) Individuals will obey authority to the point of potentially causing serious harm to another person C) Milgram was ethical D) The Milgram study could never be repeated again because too many people know about it

Which statement about Sternberg's triangular theory is NOT accurate? A) Romantic love is much better than consummate love. B) Different aspects of love might be more prevalent at different life stages C) Healthy relationships will have all three components of love: intimacy, passion, and commitment D) There are three components of love

Geoff believes he is unable to stop gambling because of his situation: his friends all gamble and are a bad influence. He uses _________ to explain his behavior. A) Internal factors B) Situational factors C) Dissonant factors D) Actor factors

What is the just-world hypothesis? A) A belief common in the United States that rejects the idea that people get the outcomes they deserve B) A belief common in the United States that we will be rewarded in the afterlife C) An ideology common in the United States that people get the outcomes they deserve D) An ideology common in the United States that the rich are bad people who will eventually be punished.

Henry is juror number four in a murder trial. He believes the accused is guilty, but when the jurors vote it becomes clear he is the only one of the 12 jurors that thinks this way. Henry votes "not guilty" along with the other jurors despite what he sees as evidence clearly indicating guilt. This is an example of the ________ effect. A) Asch B) Majority C) Milgram D) Zimbardo

Ashley and Mikhail share their intimate thoughts and emotions, are physically attracted to each other, and agree to support each other. Their love is called ________. A) Consummate B) Fatuous C) Infatuation D) Romantic

Which of the following best defines the Asch effect? A) Influence of one person on a large group B) Influence of on person on the creation of a group goal C) Influence of the group majority on an individual's judgment D) Influence of the group minority on individual judgement

______________ refers to people's preference for our own group over other groups. A) In-group bias B) A stereotype C) A self-fulfilling prophecy D) Altruism

Which statement about Sternberg's triangular theory of love is most ACCURATE? A) There are five types of love that can be described from the three components of love B) There are three components of love: Intimacy, passion, and commitment C) There are three components of love: romance, fatuous, and infatuation D) There are three types of love that can be described from the three components of love

When we enter relationships, we share our thoughts, feelings, and other personal information. This is called ________. A) Bystander B) Bias C) Attraction D) Self-disclosure

What is the main point of the Stanford prison experiment? A) Social roles are powerful determinants of human behavior B) Students cannot be relied upon to act appropriately C) Students cannot be trusted in roles of authority D) People act the same way no matter what situation they are in

Penny is assigned to a group project and they will all get the same grade. Therefore, she puts in less effort than if she was doing it herself. This is an example of ________. A) Cognitive dissonance B) Self-fulfilling prophecy C) Self-serving bias D) Social loafing

________ states that our behavior is determined by internal factors. A) Collectivism B) Dispositionism C) Moralism D) Situationism

What is modification of the opinions of members of a group to align with what they believe is the group consensus? A) Group patterns B) Groupthink C) Inter-group bias D) Pattern bias

________ occurs when an original group attitude gets strengthened after the discussion of views within a group. A) Cognitive dissonance B) Group polarization C) The Asch effect D) Self-serving bias

Collectivistic cultures tend to be more ________ than individualistic cultures. A) Independent B) Focused on autonomy C) Achievement-oriented D) Relationship-oriented

Which type of persuasion involves logic-driven arguments using data and facts to convince people of an argument's worthiness? A) Central route B) Cognitive dissonance C) Foot-in-the-door D) Peripheral route

Social psychology is a field that studies both interpersonal and intrapersonal behavior. Which of the following is an example of interpersonal behavior? A) Attitudes B) Emotions C) Group processes D) Intelligence

Suppose you are walking down a street. A woman has fallen down, but because there are so many people around it does not occur to you that you should help. You just assume someone else is about to help her and keep walking. This is an example of ________. A) Instrumental aggression B) reciprocity C) The bystander effect D) Prosocial behavior

The field of ____________ studies how an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors are influenced by social situations and the people around them. A) Social pyschology B) Cognitive psychology C) Developmental psychology D) Clinical psychology

Which type of persuasion involves encouraging a person to agree to a small favor or to buy a small item, only to later request a larger favor or purchase of a larger item? A) Conformity B) Foot-in-the-door C) Central route D) Peripheral route

A high school teacher tells her student that he is just bad at learning languages, so the student starts studying less, and his grade in Italian class keeps going down. This is an example of how a teacher can cause: A) Social roles B) Groupthink C) A self-fulfilling prophecy D) The bystander effect

Which of the following is an example of a self-serving bias? A) Leonard attributes earning a good grade in his psychology class to the fact that he is an exceptionally hard working student who is also incredibly smart. He blames the poor grade he received in his sociology class on having a bad teacher who gave hard exams. B) Leonard gets a bad grade in his psychology class and a good grade in his sociology class, so he believes he should study harder to prepare for his next psychology exam. C) Leonard gets bad grades in sociology and psychology, so he switches his major to biology because he will like it more. D) Leonard gets good grades in sociology and psychology, so he sends his professors a card

What is the major flaw in the Asch conformity study? A) Asch ignored the importance of a major factor influencing conformity -- The presence of another dissenter B) Asch ignored the importance of a major factor influencing conformity -- the size of the group C) Asch ignored the importance of a major actor influencing confrontation -- whether the response was public or private D) Asch ignored the importance of several factors influencing conformity -- including race, class, and gender

If a person says that dentists make effective spokespeople for toothpaste because they are credible experts, this is referring to ________. A) The source of the message B) The content of the message C) The characteristic of the audience D) Subliminal messaging

Nicole wants a cookie. Heather has a cookie. Nicole pushes Heather and takes her cookie. Nicole doesn't intend to hurt Heather, Nicole just wants the cookie. This is an example of ________. A) Fatuous aggression B) Frustration aggression C) Hostile aggression D) Instrumental aggression

Travis is part of a group playing tug-of-war. He knows that his team is stronger, so he doesn't try as hard as he could. Travis is engaged in ________. A) Collectivism B) Altruism C) Diffusion of responsibility D) Social loafing

David attempts to minimize the costs and maximizing benefits of his relationship with his roommate Daniel. He enjoys Daniel's company when they hang out and watch TV after work, but he tries to avoid helping Daniel clean the house. This is an example of the ________ theory. A) Cognitive balance B) Group effect C) Individual exchange D) Social exchange

Which of the following is the best example of the foot-in-the-door technique of persuasion? A) Anti-smoking advertisements that rely on celebrity spokespeople advocating for reduction in cigarette use B) Anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year C) Getting your father to agree to cut his smoking down by a few cigarettes a day, then later asking him to quit altogether D) supporting your sister who has decided to go cold turkey in order to quit smoking

According to the frustration-aggression theory, which of the following is likely to occur when 3 year-old Simon gets frustrated with his mom trying to toilet train him? A) Simon lashes out and yells at his mother B) Simon goes to sleep C) Simon retreats to a corner to be by himself D) Simon is happy and starts trying harder

___________ social influence involves conformity to a group norm prompted by the belief that the group is competent and has the correct information? A) Self-esteem B) Informational C) Normative D) Irrational

Billie is displaying ________ because he believes that all people over age 65 have poor vision and should have their driver's licenses suspended. A) Ageism B) Homophobia C) Racism D) Sexism

Janeka gets a bad evaluation at work, so when she gets home, she starts making fun of her mother's ability to cook. A frustration-aggression researcher might explain this by focusing on ________. A) The way Janeka's frustration with her evaluation led her to be aggressive toward her mother B) The way Janeka's frustration with her mother led her to get a bad evaluation at work C) Which situational factors led Janeka to get a bad evaluation at work D) Which dispositional factors led Janeka to get a bad evaluation at work

Jasmin belongs to the chess club on her campus. She prefers to hang out with other members of the chess club and avoids people that do not belong to this group. Jasmin has a(n) ________ bias. A) Confirmation B) In-group C) Out-group D) Scapegoating

Fatima is angry after a breakup, and generalizes that all men are irresponsible players, cheaters, and liars. When it comes to men, Fatima is applying ________: negative beliefs about individuals based solely on their membership in a group. A) Cognitive dissonance B) Diffusion of responsibility C) Social exchange D) Stereotypes

Which of the following makes it more likely that a child will be bullied? A) Children who are different from others are more likely to be bullied B) Children who are not easily provoked are more likely to be bullied C) Children who blend in to a crowd are more likely to be bullied D) Children who tell adults about bad behavior are more likely to be bullied

Which of the following strategies would help people AVOID groupthink? A) Avoiding outside opinions on group decisions B) Choosing one option and ignoring other possibilities C) Seeking outside opinions on group decisions D) Voting publicly, in front of group members

Don knows that drinking too much liquor is a costly habit that is bad for his health, but he still continues to drink large amounts of liquor each weekend. Don feels some psychological discomfort from this contradiction, which is also called ________. A) Aggressive discord B) Cognitive dissonance C) Perceptive deception D) Peripheral dissension

Cyberbullying differs from other bullying because_______________. A) Cyberbullying is typically done in private and the bully can remain anonymous B) Cyberbullying is typically done in public so everyone knows who the bully is C) Cyberbullying is usually face-to-face D) Cyberbullying is more common among older adults than adolescents

Which of the following is the best example of central route persuasion? A) Anti-smoking advertisements that rely on attractive celebrity spokespeople B) Anti-smoking advertisements that use charts and graphs to show how many people die from smoking-related causes each year C) Anti-smoking advertisements that rely on bright colors and fun music to make you feel good D) Anti-smoking advertisements that rely on positive emotions

This type of persuasion involves an indirect route that that relies on association with positive characteristics such as positive emotions or a celebrity endorsement. A) Cognitive route B) Foot-in-the-door C) Central route D) Peripheral route

If you are unsure what to do, and you think someone else has the correct information regarding what people should do in a particularly situation, you will likely be impacted by ________ social influence. A) Dissonance B) Confederate C) Informational D) Normative

The Milgram experiment required the participation of a(n) ________ to play the part of the person being shocked because the experiment would be invalidated if the participant realized the electric shock treatment was faked. A) Ally B) Associate C) Confederate D) Union

The Asch research studies found that 76% of participants conformed to group pressure at least once by: A) Choosing the incorrect line even though it was obviously the wrong answer B) Changing their hair style to be more like their team members C) Consuming alcohol when their peers told them to D) Saying they likeed a song they really did not like

When there is an emergency, ____________________ refers to the tendency for no one in a group to help because the responsibility to help is spread throughout the group. A) Empathy B) Cyberbullying C) Scapegoating D) Diffusion of responsibility

________ is people's desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits. A) Homophily B) Reciprocity C) Social Exchange D) Altruism

A panic disorder is a type of ________disorder characterized by panic attacks, along with at least one month of worry about panic attacks or self-defeating behavior related to the attacks. A) Anxiety B) Schizophrenia C) Mood D) Personality

Which of the following is a symptom of autism spectrum disorder? A) Deficits in social interaction such as not initiating conversations with other children B) Being quick to anger and always wanting to be the center of attention C) Submissive and physically clings to the people around them D) Is easy offended and holds grudges for a long time

There are some explanations as to why diagnoses of ADHD have increased in recent decades. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons explained in the textbook? A) ADHD diagnostic criteria have changed over time, so more people may now be included. B) Doctors are very hesitant to medicate children, so they ignore ADHD symptoms. C) There is greater awareness of ADHD now than in the past, so parents may be quick to take their children to a doctor if they believe their child possesses these symptoms. D) The use of computers, video games, iPhones, and other electronic devices has become pervasive among children in the early 21st century, and these devices could potentially shorten children's attentions spans.

Which of the following defines antisocial personality disorder? A) instability in interpersonal relationships, self-image, and mood B) Lack of regard for others' rights, impulsivity, deceitfulness, irresponsibility, and lack of remorse over misdeeds C) Overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance D) Pervasive need for perfectionism that interferes with the ability to complete tasks

Which of the following is an example of avolition? A) Inability to use ventricles B) Lack of interest in going out with your friend C) Lack of motivation to bathe yourself D) Refusing to speak

________ delusions involve the (false) belief that other people or agencies are plotting to harm the person. A) Grandiose B) Hallucination C) Paranoid D) Somatic

Cordelia, an active duty marine, served in Afghanistan. When she returns the U.S., her family members notice that she is jumpy, irritable, and seems to be experiencing flashbacks. Cordelia is likely experiencing a ________ disorder. A) Antisocial personality B) Mood C) Post-traumatic stress D) Schizotypal personality

From an early age, Kwaku got into trouble constantly. He continually violates the rights of others and he often lies, fights, and has problems with the law. Generally, he is impulsive and fails to think ahead. He is frequently deceitful and manipulative in order to get the things he wants, and he never regrets his misdeeds or considers the feelings of those he has harmed. Which of the following diagnoses would best account for Kwaku's personality? A) Antisocial personality disorder B) Dependent personality disorder C) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D) Paranoid personality disorder

What is comorbidity? A) Co-occurrence of two disorders B) Having two causes for a single disorder C) Having two causes of death D) Mental disorder leading to death

________are mental or behavioral acts that reduce anxiety in social situations, such as wearing bland, neutral clothes to avoid drawing attention to oneself. A) Obsessions B) Ruminations C) Safety behaviors D) Therapies

The ________ model suggests that people with a predisposition for a disorder are more likely to develop the disorder when faced with adverse environmental or psychological events. A) Diathesis-stress B) Supernatural C) Cognitive D) Behavioral

Which childhood disorder is characterized by deficits in social interaction and communication and repetitive patterns of behavior or interests? A) Antisocial personality disorder B) Attention deficit disorder C) Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder D) Autism spectrum disorder

Which classification system is used by most mental health professionals in the United States of America? A) Desperate Social and Mental Disorders B) Determinants of Social Mental Disorders C) Determining Statistical Manifestation of Disorders D) Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Which of the following is an example of flight of ideas? A) Gilbert is thinking about suicide, then calls 911 B) Gilbert exhibits an abundance of energy during his debate session C) Gilbert speaks in a monotone voice D) Gilbert talks loudly and quickly, switching topics rapidly

________ disorders are characterized by excessive, persistent fear and apprehension and by related disturbances in behavior. A) Anxiety B) Body dysmorphic C) Obsessive-compulsive D) Personality

Dr. Griffiths diagnosed Manuel with major depressive disorder because he ________. A) Appears tearful to others and spends weeks at a time feeling sad, empty, and hopeless B) Exhibits three seperate personalities, each distinct form the others C) Hates being outside the home alone D) Refuses to leave his room due to anxiety over what might happen during the day

Yuri experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear or anxiety about heights. These symptoms suggest that Yuri may have ________. A) A mood disorder B) Obsessive-compulsive disorder C) A phobia D) A psychosis

Identify the obsession in the following sentence. "Keisha is overly concerned about germs, so she spends hours wiping the surfaces of her home and washing her hands." A) Concern over germs B) Germs C) Spending hours washing her hands D) Spending hours wiping the surfaces of her home

What do obsessive-compulsive disorder, body dysmorphic disorder, and hoarding disorder have in common? A) Conviction that the patient herself is the cause of many peoples troubles B) Generalized anxiety and specific phobias C) Obsession with the suffering of others D) Repetitive thoughts and urges, as well as uncontrollable need to engage in repetitive behavior and mental acts

Janice is in the middle of a distinct period of an abnormally and persistently elevated mood. In the last week she has cleaned her house from top to bottom (breaking windows and dishes in the process), bought a new car that she can't afford, and dug up most of her yard in case she might want a garden next year. Janice is likely experiencing ________. A) Body dysmorphia B) Dissociative fugue C) Mania D) Depersonalization

Which of the following exemplifies a symptom of histrionic personality disorder? A) Phoebe feels helpless when she is alone, and she can't make decisions on her own. B) Phoebe feels uncomfortable when she is not the center of attention, and she has alienated friends by demanding excessive amounts of their attention. C) Phoebe is oversensitive to negative evaluation and so she avoids interpersonal contact because of fears of criticism or rejection. D) Phoebe often displays an overinflated and unjustified sense of self-importance.

Miguel worries excessively about things beyond his control, and his worries often interfere with his life. He avoids driving because he worries about car accidents. He calls his parents twice a day because he worries they are dead. He checks his credit card statement three times a day because he worries about identity theft. From this description, it is likely Miguel may have ________. A) Free-floating anxiety disorder B) Generalized anxiety disorder C) Obsessive-compulsive disorder D) Social anxiety disorder

What kind of symptoms involves reflecting noticeable decreases and absences in certain behaviors, emotions, or drives? A) Absentee B) Invisible C) Negative D) Positive

The ________ perspective suggests that psychological disorders result largely from faulty physical processes, and the ________perspective emphasizes the importance of factors such as stress and thoughts as well as environmental factors in the development of psychological disorders. A) Biological; psychological B) Diathesis; supernatural C) Medical; stress D) Psychological; biological

Jeff is an unforgiving perfectionist who would rather deliver work a week late than turn in a project with even minor mistakes. In fact, he spends so much time working that he never has time for anything else. Jeff is known to be rigid, inflexible, and stubborn, and he never compromises. Which of the following diagnoses would best account for Jeff's personality? A) Histrionic personality disorder B) Narcissistic personality disorder C) Obsessive-compulsive personality disorder D) Schizoid personality disorder

Piper is diagnosed with agoraphobia because she experiences intense fear and anxiety of ________. A) Being outside the home alone B) Blood C) Enclosed spaces D) Heights

For centuries, psychological disorders were viewed from a _________ perspective: attributed to a force beyond scientific understanding. A) Natural B) Supernatural C) Pathological D) Medical

People with ________ disorders experience thoughts and urges that are intrusive and unwanted and/or the need to engage in repetitive behaviors or mental acts. A) Anxiety B) Obsessive-compulsive C) Personality D) Phobia

Veena experiences hallucinations and delusions that make it difficult for her to function in day-to-day life. She has significant difficulties holding a job, paying bills, grooming, maintaining personal hygiene, and sustaining relationships. Which of the following disorders is Veena likely living with? A) Antisocial personality disorder B) Borderline personality disorder C) Major depressive disorder D) Schizophrenia

Jerry allows others to take over and run his life. He is submissive and clings to those around him. He cannot make decisions without advice and reassurance from others, probably because he lacks self-confidence. He finds it impossible to do things on his own, and he feels uncomfortable and helpless when he is alone. Which of the following diagnoses would best account for Jerry's personality? A) Avoidant personality disorder B) Borderline personality disorder C) Dependent personality disorder D) Narcissistic personality disorder

Fidel suddenly wanders away from his home and experiences confusion about his identity. Fidel may be experiencing a(n) ________. A) Associative fugue B) Catatonia C) Depersonalization D) Dissociative fugue

Which of the following is TRUE about neurodevelopmental disorders? A) Neurodevelopmental disorders are usually diagnosed in early childhood B) Neurodevelopmental disorder are usually diagnosed in middle-aged patients C) Neuodevelopmental disorders are disorders of the elderly D) Neurodevelopmental disorders are only diagnosed in females

Joffrey seems very jittery. He cannot sit still and keeps rubbing his arms or pulling at his hair. Joffrey is experiencing ________. A) Psychomotor alienation B) Psychomotor deprivation C) Psychomotor agitation D) Psychomotor retardation

Which of the following is a common characteristic of all dissociative disorders? A) Becoming split off, or dissociated, from one's core sense of self B) Feeling sad and hopeless over a long period of time C) Clear and precise memory of events D) Rapidly fluctuating mood

The _______ perspective views disorders as linked to phenomena such as genetic factors, chemical imbalances, and brain abnormalities. A) Biological B) Psychological C) Psychodynamic D) Cognitive

Diondre believes that his fingernails are turning into razor-sharp claws. What kind of delusion is this? A) Organized B) Grandiose C) Paranoid D) Somatic

Eugene was in a motorcycle accident. When he hears a sudden loud noise he relives the accident and feels as if it is happening all over again. This is an example of a __________. A) Flashback B) Delusion C) Compulsion D) Flight of ideas

Which of the following is an example of the hopelessness theory of depression? A) Rochelle has an expectation that terrible things will happen and there is nothing she can do about it—this leads her to become depressed. B) Rochelle is depressed due to a neurotransmitter imbalance, and this leads her to think that terrible things will happen. C) Rochelle is in an earthquake and many of her neighbors are injured or die, so she becomes depressed. D) Rochelle stops taking her medication because she does not think medication will help her depression.

A person diagnosed with ___________ experiences excessive, distressing, and persistent fear about a particular object or situation. A) A phobia B) Obsessive compulsive disorder C) Autism spectrum disorder D) ADHD

What symptom of schizophrenia is illustrated by the following example? "So bees with knees have fleas and fleas jump, I jump like a jack, Jack the Giant Killer. Giants kill and transform things and something happened, but we can't hear because our eyes are like flies that flew away." A) Catatonic behavior B) Disorganized thinking C) Avolition D) Anhedonia

Suicidal ideation includes A) Thoughts of death B) Thinking about or planning suicide C) Making an actual suicide attempt D) All of the above

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for suicide? A) Easy access to a firearm or other lethal means to commit suicide B) History of previous suicide attempts C) Listening to popular music that promotes violence D) Substance abuse

Donna exhibits two separate personalities, each well-defined and distinct from one another, so Dr. Paulson diagnosed Donna with ________ disorder. A) Anxiety B) Dissociative identity C) Personality D) Schizophrenia

Etiology is another word for ________ A) Causes B) Conditions C) Forms D) Psychopathology

Which of the following statements is TRUE about obsessive-compulsive disorder? A) It involves itrusive, unpleasant thought and repetitive behaviors B) It involves persistent, unfocused depression C) It involves becoming split off, or dissociated from her core sense of self D) It involves trouble concentrating and a short attention span

Which of the following is NOT TRUE of dissociative disorders? A) People with these disorders become disconnected from their sense of self B) People with these disorders usually also have schizophrenia C) People with these disorder experience memory and identity disturbances D) These disorders do not have a physical cause

________ is a subtype of depression in which a person experiences the symptoms of major depressive disorder only during a particular time of year. A) Bipolar disorder B) Postpartum depression C) Persistent depressive disorder D) Seasonal pattern depression

________ involves thoughts of death by suicide, thinking about or planning suicide, or making a suicide attempt. A) Flight of ideas B) Rumination C) Suicidal ideation D) Suicide

Which of the following statements about autism spectrum disorder is NOT true. A) Exposure to environmental pollutants such as mercury has been linked to the development of this disorder. B) Genetic factors appear to play a prominent role in the development of this disorder. C) It is characterized by a pervasive pattern of inattention and/or hyperactive and impulsive behavior. D) This disorder involves feeling overwhelmed and sad for extended periods of time.

Identify the compulsion in the following example. "Demarco can't stop thinking about his book collection, which includes hundreds of first editions. He wants it to be in a particular order. He spends hours every day organizing his books alphabetically by author, then by color, then by size." A) Having hundreds of first editions in his book collection B) Organizing the books C) Thinking about the books all the time D) Thinking about the order of the books all the time

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A) Individuals who are exposed to traumatic stress during childhood are at lower risk of developing depression than other individuals. B) Rates of major depressive disorder are higher among older adults than younger adults. C) Mood disorders have been shown to have a genetic and biological basis. D) Bipolar disorder is more commonly experienced than major depressive disorder

Who developed psychoanalysis? A) Carl Jung B) Carl Rogers C) Dorothea Dix D) Sigmund Freud

___________ believed most of our psychological problems are the result of repressed impulses and trauma experienced in childhood, and he believed psychoanalysis would help uncover long-buried feelings. A) Sigmund Freud B) Carl Rogers C) Albert Ellis D) Dorothea Dix

The primary therapeutic orientation used in couples counseling is ________. A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy B) Electroconvulsive therapy C) Strategic family therapy D) Biomedical therapy

Elena's therapist wants her to talk about her childhood. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A) Behavior therapy B) Cognitive therapy C) Humanistic therapy D) Psychodynamic psychotherapy

In ______ therapy, a therapist seeks to treat clients' fears or anxiety by presenting them with the object or situation that causes their problem, with the idea that they will eventually get used to it. A) Phobia B) Play C) Exposure D) Group

Which institutional setting replaced asylums in caring for the mentally ill? A) Churches B) Volunteer groups C) Psychiatric hospitals D) Schools

Which of the following explains why most psychiatric hospitals emphasize short-term care? A) Due to the very high cost of psychiatric hospitalization, insurance coverage often limits the length of time one can be hospitalized B) Modern treatments are extremely effective in a short amount of time C) Most patients aren't mentally ill; they are homeless and need short-term shelter D) Patients often leave before their doctor releases them

Exposure therapy is a ________ technique. A) Classical conditioning B) Counterconditioning C) Free association D) Psychodynamic

What does research show regarding race and ethnic differences in those who receive mental health services? A) In the U.S., ethnic minority Americans tend to utilize mental health services less frequently than White Americans. B) In the U.S., ethnic minority Americans tend to utilize mental health services more frequently than White Americans. C) In the U.S., ethnic minority Americans tend to utilize mental health services the same amount as White Americans. D) All of the above

Repeated drug use and/or alcohol use after a period of improvement from substance abuse is called ________. A) Addiction B) Comorbidity C) Relapse D) Reversion

This medication can increase the risk of obesity and diabetes as well as elevate cholesterol levels; it can also cause constipation, dry mouth, blurred vision, drowsiness, and dizziness. A) Antidepressants B) Atypical antipsychotics C) Mood stabilizers D) Stimulants

Dr. Duncan is a therapist who works with men accused of domestic violence. Although it is difficult, she does her best to be non-judgmental during therapy sessions. Which aspect of client-centered therapy is this? A) Self-actualization B) Client focus C) Transference D) Unconditional positive regard

Deinstitutionalization refers to the ________. A) Criminalization of patients B) Medicalization of patients C) Process of closing large asylums D) Treatment of those on parole and probation

Which of the following statements about psychoanalysis is NOT TRUE? A) It involves dream analysis B) In involved free association C) It was developed by Sigmund Freud D) It was the dominant form of therapy in the 18th Century

Dr. Xavier encourages his client to relax and say whatever comes to mind at the moment. Dr. Xavier is using ________ to treat his client. A) Cognitive therapy B) Free association C) Rational emotive therapy D) Dream analysis

________ were the first institutions created for the specific purpose of housing people with psychological disorders. A) Asylums B) Churches C) Outpatient clinics D) Hospitals

Which group is play therapy often used to treat? A) Children B) Elderly C) Men D) Women

Which treatment modality involves 5-10 people with the same issue or concern meeting together with a trained clinician? A) Couple therapy B) Group therapy C) Strategic family therapy D) Structural family therapy

Humanistic therapy is also called ________ therapy. A) Client-centered B) Cognitive-behavioral C) ECT D) Personality-focused

A school counselor leads a support group for children whose parents have AIDS. The counselor focuses on defining AIDS, discussing treatment and side effects of treatment, and how the children can develop coping mechanisms. This exemplifies ________. A) Biomedical therapy B) Play therapy C) Psycho-educational treatment D) Substance abuse treatment

How long does psychoanalysis typically take? A) Months B) Several days C) Several weeks D) Years

In the U.S., there is a shortage of mental health professionals in ___________. A) Urban areas B) Rural areas C) Schools D) Hospitals

Statistics show that ________ of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness. A) 10% B) 15% C) 26% D) 80%

Renzo's therapist helps him learn to overcome his fear of dogs through several stages of relaxation techniques being paired with his exposure to dogs. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A) Aversive conditioning B) Behavior therapy C) Client-centered therapy D) Psychodynamic psychotherapy

Svetlana admires her boss, Helga. One day Helga forgets her briefcase and Svetlana loses all admiration for Helga. Svetlana thinks that a boss is either always perfect or not worthy of admiration. What kind of cognitive distortion is this? A) All-or-nothing thinking B) Collapsing boundaries C) Jumping to conclusions D) Ruminating

A breach of confidentiality is a greater risk in ________ therapy. A) Group B) Humanistic C) Individual D) Voluntary

On the advice of her therapist, Thora decides to treat her fear of heights by exposing herself to heights using a stimulus hierarchy. Which form of therapy is she using? A) Dream analysis B) Free association C) Play therapy D) Systematic desensitization

Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors? A) Behavior therapy B) Biomedical therapy C) Cognitive therapy D) Humanistic therapy

Lana is late for dinner with her parents. They don't care, but she thinks this is a catastrophe—an inaccurate view of the situation that leads her to feel bad about herself. In this example, what represents the cognitive distortion? A) Lana being late for dinner with her parents B) Lana feeling bad about herself C) Lana thinking that being late for dinner is a catastrophe D) Lana's parents not caring that she is late for dinner

During the therapist's first meeting with the client, called ________, the therapist gathers specific information to address the client's immediate needs. A) Admission B) Psychoanalysis C) Counseling D) Intake

Patients at Manderly Psychiatric Center are rewarded with chips when they engage in positive behaviors such as socializing with other patients. They can later exchange the chips for privileges, like extra TV time. This is an example of ________. A) Classical conditioning B) Humanism C) Group therapy D) Token economy

Which of the following is a drug that can be used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)? A) Adderall B) Clozaril C) Lithium D) Xanax

Dr. Banner wants his clients to become more self-aware and accepting of themselves. Therefore, Dr. Banner increases their self-awareness by focusing on their conscious thoughts. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation is he using? A) Cognitive-behavioral therapy B) Electroconvulsive therapy C) Counterconditioning therapy D) Humanistic therapy

Which term refers to the fact that the therapist cannot disclose private communications to any third party unless mandated or permitted by law to do so? A) Confidentiality B) Disclosure C) Discretion D) Privilege

Which principle underlies cognitive therapy? A) Your thoughts have no impact on how you feel B) How you think determines how you feel C) Thoughts cannot be changed D) Unconscious thoughts influence behavior

Dr. Bronson treats anxiety disorders with Xanax, which exemplifies ________ therapy. A) Biomedical B) Cognitive C) Humanistic D) Couples

Addiction is often viewed as a ________ disease. A) Chronic B) Fleeting C) Brief D) Social

Aversive conditioning is a ________. A) treatment that involves medication and/or medical procedures to treat psychological disorders B) counterconditioning technique that pairs an unpleasant stimulant with an undesirable behavior C) form of psychotherapy that aims to change cognitive distortions and self-defeating behaviors D) technique in psychoanalysis in which the patient says whatever comes to mind at the moment

Jarl makes several minor mistakes during his conversational French class. Instead of thinking, "everyone makes mistakes sometimes," he thinks, "I am so stupid." What kind of cognitive distortion is this? A) Loaded question B) Beating a dead horse C) Jumping to conclusions D) Overgeneralization

Rafael is in therapy, and one of his goals is to overcome his pessimistic attitude. His therapist helps him eliminate thought patterns that lead to distress. For example, he helps Rafael learn to not overgeneralize his likelihood of failing his sociology class based on doing poorly on his first exam. What kind of psychotherapeutic orientation does this exemplify? A) Cognitive therapy B) Non-directive therapy C) Play therapy D) Psychodynamic psychotherapy

Which kind of therapy involves a therapeutic orientation that employs principles of learning to help clients change undesirable behaviors? A) Behavior therapy B) Biomedical therapy C) Cognitive therapy D) Humanistic therapy

Who developed client-centered therapy? A) Abraham Maslow B) Carl Rogers C) Dorothea Dix D) Philippe Pinel

_________________ in psychology is the integration of the best available research with clinical expertise in the context of client characteristics, culture, and preferences. A) Evidence-based practice B) Theoretical-based practice C) Therapeutic-based practice D) Client-centered practice

For Burt, who has claustrophobia, a small dark room creates a small amount of fear, a stairwell creates a bit more fear, and an elevator creates the most fear. Burt's therapist induces deep relaxation and asks him to imagine a small dark room. Gradually, they will work up to having Burt imagine being in an elevator. What aspect of exposure therapy is this? A) Dream analysis B) Stimulus hierarchy C) Unconditional positive regard D) Virtual reality exposure

What often happened to patients in the early years of using electroshock therapy? A) It broke their backs B) It was an effective treatment for a wife variety of symptoms C) It had no effect on their symptoms D) It put them in a coma

What principle underlies cognitive-behavioral therapy? A) Behavior affects social interaction B) Emotions affect social interaction in the family C) Social interaction in the family affects emotions D) Thoughts affect behavior

What did a 2006 special report by the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS) suggest about the amount of mental illness in the criminal justice system? A) Criminals are likely to fake mental illness to avoid trial B) Criminals plead insanity to get away with index crimes such as murder C) Criminals with mental illnesses stay in prison in order to receive treatment D) People with mental illnesses are overrepresented in probation and parole populations

Grace is talking with her wife, Myanna. Myanna starts crying, and Grace immediately assumes that Myanna wants a divorce. What kind of cognitive distortion is this? A) Obsession B) Mood swing C) Jumping to conclusions D) Overgeneralization

Antipsychotic medicines were first introduced in ________. A) 1850's B) 1910's C) 1950's D) 2000's