Psychology Module 14

A child's realization that others may have beliefs that the child knows to be false best illustrates the development of a. object permanence b. egocentrism c. a theory of mind d. stranger anxiety

According to Piaget, schemas are a. fixed sequences of cognitive development stages b. children's ways of coming to terms with their sexuality c. people's conceptual frameworks for understanding their experiences d. problem-solving strategies that are typically not developed until the formal operational stage

Maturation refers to a. the acquistion of socially acceptable behaviors b. biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience c. any learned behavior patterns that accompany personal growth and development d. the physical development of early adolescence

Which of the following represents the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development a. preoperational, concrete operation, formal operational, sensorimotor b. sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational c. sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational d. preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operation

Infants develop a fear of strangers at about 8 months of age because they can't assimilate unfamiliar faces into their a. schemas b. attachements c. theory of mind d. self-concept

Which of the following factors contributed most positively to the development of secure attachment between human infants and their mothers? a. theory of mind b. responsive parenting c. stranger anxiety d. authoritarian discpline

a mother who is slow in responding to her infants cries of distress is most likely to encourage a. conservation b. insecure attachment c. object permanence d. egocentrism

Evidence that easy, relaxed infants develop secure attachments more readily than difficult, emotionally intense babies would illustrate the importance of a. egocentrism b. temperament c. conservation d. object permanence

Marlys is a sensitive, responsive parent who consistently satisfies the needs of Sara, her infant daughter. According to Erikson, Sara is likely to a. from a lifelong attitude of basic trust toward the world b. encounter some difficulty in overcoming the limitation of egocentrism c. encounter some difficulty in forming an attachment to her father d. achieve formal operational intelligence more quickly than the average child

In a British study following over 7000 people from birth to adulthood, those individuals whose fathers were most involved in parenting tended to demonstrate greater a. role confusion b. separation anxiety c. egocentrism d. academic achievement

One study found that English-speaking adults could relearn subtle sound contrasts in the Hindu or Zulu they had spoken as children even though they had no ___ the Hindu or Zulu language they had once spoken a. personal curiosity about b. conscious memory of c. basic trusting regarding d. role confusion associated with

Parents who are demanding and yet sensitively responsive to their children are said to be a. authoritarian b. conservative c. permissive d. authoritative

A failure to practice important motor skills can results in a loss of agility because unused neural connections a. habituate b. assimilate c. imprint d. are pruned

Providing children with a safe haven in times of stress contributes most directly to a. habituation b. stranger anxiety c. object permanence d. secure attachment

Nageeb thought all nurses were young females until a middle-aged male nurse took care of him. His altered conception of a "nurse" illustrates the process of a. habituation b. assimilation c. accommodation d. attachment

Unlike duckings, children do not imprint their fondness for certain people, however is fostered by a. conservation b. egocentrism c. mere exposure d. infantile amnesia

Infant motor development is typically characterized by individual differences in ____ of the major development milestones a. both the sequence and the age-related timing b. the sequence but no the age related timing c. the age related timing but not the sequence d. neither the sequence nor the age-related timing

One variation of autism spectrum disorder is characterized by normal intelligence, often accompanied by exceptional skill in a particular area, but deficient social and communication skills. This disorder is called a. fetal alcohol syndrome b. terminal decline c. cognitive disability d. Asperger syndrome

Many researchers believe that adults styles of romantic love correspond with childhood patterns of a. habituation b. attachement c. conservation d. object permanence

If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation they are unable to a. deal with the discipline of toilet training b. see from the point of view from another person c. recognize that the quantity of substance remains the same despite changes in its shape d. retain earlier schemas when confronted by new experiences

Mrs. Carmichael secretly dabs some lipstick on the nose of her 2 year old son and then allows him to see his face in a mirror. The child is most likely to a. touch his own nose b. touch the mirror at the point where the lipstick shows c. wave at his mirror image as if it were another child d. assimilate the lipstick mark into his existing self-concept

A critical period is a phase during which a. children frequently disobey and resist their parents b. children become able to think hypothetically and reason abstractly c. parents frequently show impatience with a child's slowness in becoming toilet trained d. exposure to certain experiences is needed for proper development

Cognition refers to a. an emotional tie linking one person to another b. the mental activities associated with thinking knowing, remembering, and communicating c. an process that facilitates the physical development of the brain d. any processes of change that accompanies maturation

According to Piaget, a person first comprehends that division is the reverse of multiplication during the ______ stage a. preoperational b. concrete operational c. formal operation d. sensorimotor

Mr. and Mrs. Batson can't wait to begin toilet training their year old daughter. The batsons most clearly need to be informed about the importance of a. imprinting b. habituation c. maturation d. object permanence

Studies of monkeys raised with artificial mothers suggest that mother-infant emotional bonds result primarily from mothers providing infants with a. adequate nourishment b. body contact c. the opportunity to explore d. self-esteem

An impaired theory of mind is most closely associated with a. infantile amnesia b. concrete operational thought c. role confusion d. autism

According to Piaget, egocentrism refers to a. sensorimotor need for self-stimulation as evidence in thumb sucking b. young children's exaggerated interest in themselves and their own pleasure c. the difficulty perceiving things from another person's point of view d. a failure to realize that things continue to exist even when they are not visible

Object permanence is the understanding that a. developmental stages occur in a predictable sequence b. biological growth processes enable orderly development c. things continue to exist even when they are not perceived d. the mass and volume of objects remain the same despite changes in their form

The Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky suggested that children's ability to solve problems is enhanced by a. basic trust b. inner speech c. conservation d. imprinting

Animations that grafted emotion-conveying faces onto toy trains have been developed to alleviate symptoms of a. fetal alcohol syndrome b. stranger anxiety c. infantile amnesia d. autism

The McDougals use harsh discipline on their children and demand unquestioning obedience. Psychologists are likely to characterize the McDougals as ____ parents a. authoritarian b. egocentric c. permissive d. authoritative

From ages 3-6 brain's neural networks are sprouting most rapidly in a. frontal lobes b. hypothalamus c. cerebellum d. brainstem