Psych Lesson 3

Newborns have been observed to show the greatest visual interest in a: A. rectangular shape B. circular shape C. bull's-eye pattern D. drawing of a human face.

Four-year-old Karen can't remember anything of the first few months of her life. This is best explained by the fact that: A. the trauma of birth interfered with the subsequent formation of memories B. most brain cells do not yet exist at the time of birth C. experiences shortly after birth are a meaningless blur of darkness and light D. many neural connections that underlie memories are only beginning to form shortly after birth.

Which of the following factors contributes most positively to the development of secure attachment between human infants and their mothers? A. breast feeding B. responsive parenting C. family planning D. father absence E. authoritarian discipline

Maturation refers to: A. the acquisition of socially acceptable behaviors B. any learned behavior patterns that accompany personal growth and development C. biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience D. the physical and sexual development of early adolescence.

Luis is normally very restless and fidgety, whereas Shelley is usually quiet and easygoing. The two children apparently differ in: A. maturation B. egocentrism C. assimilation D. temperament E. accommodation.

Gender identity refers to: A. one's biological sex B. the sense of being male or female C. the set of expected behaviors for males and for females D. how masculine a boy is or how feminine a girl is E. a person's identification with the parent of the opposite sex.

Compared to environmentally impoverished rats, rats raised in an enriched environment show a greater development of: A. preoperational intelligence B. brain cortex C. nurturing behavior D. the number of neurons in their brains

Compared with Asian parents, North American parents place _____ emphasis on obedience and _____ emphasis on family loyalty. A. more; less B. less; more C. more; more D. less; less

Four-year-old Jennifer mistakenly believes that her mother would like to receive a toy doll as a Christmas present. This best illustrates Piaget's concept of: A. accommodation B. attachment C. object permanence D. conservation E. egocentrism.

If children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to: A. deal with the discipline of toilet training B. see things from the point of view of another person C. recognize that the quantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape D. retain earlier schemas when confronted by new experiences.

Female children have been observed to dress and play in ways more typical of males if they were exposed to excess _____ during their prenatal development. A. teratogens B. testosterone C. endorphins D. estrogen

Children who form a positive self-concept are more likely to be: A. obedient B. egocentric C. sociable D. cautious

Habituation is the: A. awareness that things continue to exist even when not perceived B. decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus to which one is repeatedly exposed C. adjustment of current schemas to make sense of new information D. interpretation of new information in terms of existing schemas E. biological growth processes that are relatively uninfluenced by experience.

The capacity of one brain area to take over the functions of another, damaged brain area is known as brain: A. assimilation B. conservation C. maturation D. habituation E. plasticity

A teratogen is a(n): A. fertilized egg that undergoes rapid cell division B. unborn child with one or more physical defects or abnormalities C. chromosomal abnormality D. substance that can cross the placental barrier and harm an unborn child

Interpreting new experiences in terms of existing schemas is called: A. egocentrism B. assimilation C. imprinting D. attachment E. accommodation

According to Piaget, schemas are: A. fixed sequences of cognitive developmental stages B. children's ways of coming to terms with their sexuality C. people's conceptual frameworks for understanding their experiences D. problem-solving strategies that are typically not developed until the formal operational stage.

The rooting reflex refers to a baby's tendency to: A. withdraw a limb to escape pain B. turn the head away from a cloth placed over the face C. open the mouth in search of a nipple when touched on the cheek D. be startled by a loud noise E. look longer at human faces than at inanimate objects.

Which of the following represents the correct order of Piaget's stages of cognitive development? A. sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational B. sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational C. preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor D. preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational E. preoperational, concrete operational, sensorimotor, formal operational

According to Piaget, during the formal operational stage people begin to: A. reason abstractly B. adhere to social norms C. distinguish between good and bad behaviors D. become aware of the positive and negative consequences of their own behaviors.

Instead of happily exploring the attractive toys located in the pediatrician's waiting room, little Sandra tenaciously clings to her mother's skirt. Sandra most clearly shows signs of: A. habituation B. egocentrism C. insecure attachment D. the rooting reflex E. object permanence.

The McDougals use harsh discipline on their children and demand unquestioning obedience. Psychologists are likely to characterize the McDougals as _____ parents. A. authoritarian B. egocentric C. rejecting-neglecting D. authoritative

A human _____ contains 23 chromosomes; a human _____ contains 46 chromosomes. A. zygote; egg cell B. egg cell; sperm cell C. sperm cell; egg cell D. sperm cell; zygote

A segment of DNA capable of synthesizing a specific protein is called a(n): A. gene B. agonist C. chromosome D. motor neuron E. neurotransmitter

Identical twins develop from a single: A. gene B. neuron C. zygote D. chromosome.

Twin studies suggest that Alzheimer's disease is influenced by: A. neurotransmitters B. hormones C. heredity D. sexual behavior.

This principle states which are more likely to lead to reproduction or survival are most likely to be passed on to succeeding generations: A. natural selection B. evolution C. Big Bang D. survival.

A collectivist culture is especially likely to emphasize the importance of: A. social responsibility B. personal control C. self-actualization D. racial diversity E. free association.

People are somewhat more likely to demonstrate self-serving bias in a culture that values: A. role playing B. collectivism C. reciprocal determinism D. conformity E. individualism.