HDFS201 Chapter 6: Cognitive Developmental Approaches

Vtgotsky's theory stressed the importance of sociocultural influences on children's development, which fits the belief that it is important to evaluate:

Around the age of five, children will do what?

According to Piaget, the first substage of preoperational thought is the _________ __________ substage, in which the child gains the ability to mentally represent an object that is not present.

During ________ operational thought stage, an adolescent aged between 11 and 15 years of age will be able to reason logically beyond concrete experiences.

When infants become more intrigued with all the different ways they can manipulate objects, they have entered into the ________ sensorimotor substage

What best represents common results from Piaget's classic task of conservation?

_______ is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they cannot be seen, heard, or touched.

_______ occurs when children use their existing schemes to deal with new information or experiences

Research indicates that children who use a lot of private speech are _______ than those who don't

Vtgotsky's theory of child development includes what premises?

The stage of ________ thought involves complex thinking which recognizes that the search of truth is a never-ending process.

When babies initially become less self-preoccupied and more interested in objects, they are most likely in the _______ sensorimotor substage

The focusing of attention on one characteristic while excluding all other characteristics is known as

What is an example of accommodation?

Which of Vygotsky's concepts can be used in the classroom?

According to Lev Vygotsky, the range of tasks that are too difficult for a child to master alone but can be mastered with guidance is known as the zone of ________ development

Marta feels sorry for the white crayon because no one ever uses it and she thinks it must be sad. This is an example of ________

Formal operational though includes what?

When infants begin using primitive symbols, they are in the __________ sensorimotor substage

What is the sensorimotor substage in which infants become more object-oriented and less focused on their own body?

What are possible explanations for why infants make A-not-B errors?

What words could describe a typical 3-year-olds' drawings?

In Piaget's theory, internal representations of reality are called:

Gisela Labouvie-Vief and her colleagues argued that it is necessary to consider how _______ maturity might affect cognitive development to understand cognitive changes in adulthood.

Trevor understands that if Paul is older than Jake, and Jake is older than Melissa, then Paul is older than Melissa. Trevor has demonstrated the ability of ___________.

Some theorists believe that choosing a ________ is a key aspect of cognitive development in emerging adulthood, and that it is usually part of reflective and relativistic thinking.

The preoperational though substage that is called ___________ thought is considered the period when children seek answers to all sorts of questions.

________ operational thought includes an increase in abstract thinking

Lauren has just begun to use a sippy cup after sucking out of a bottle for the first year of her life. She becomes frustrated because she tries to suck out of the spout of the cup, but nothing comes out. Her father shows her that she needs to tip the cup to get the liquid to come out. Her initial drinking scheme has come in conflict. What Piagetian concepts fit with Lauren's cognitive experience?

A criticism of Piaget's theory is that ______ have a larger effect on cognitive development than Piaget claimed.

When infants correctly find an object hidden at location A but continue to look in location A even when they see the object hidden in a new location, they are engaging in what?

How do theorists today see cognitive development?

Abby, a 15-month-old girl, has a white toy poodle as a pet at home. She knows that the pet is a dog. (She calls it "puppy.") While Abby is at the park with her mother, she sees a small white dog. She points at the dog and says, "Puppy!" What Piagetian concept does this example describe?

Some developmentalists propose that the thinking of young adult, changes when they enter the world of _________, since they have to face the constraints of reality.

Piaget's theory: Vygotsky's theory:

According to Piaget's preoperational stage, a child does not yet perform operations, which are defined as reversible _________ actions.

_______ is the name Piaget gave to the mechanism by which children shift from on stage of thought to the next

The failure to conserve demonstrates centration and an inability to mentally ________ actions

What describes the key elements of Piaget's second stage of development?

The __________ operational stage lasts from approximately 7-11 years of age. In this stage, reasoning is logical as long as it is applied to examples

According to Piaget, cognitive conflict is also known as _________

What is the overall term for an adolescent's heightened self-consciousness?

Tools of the Mind, an early childhood education curriculum, focuses on what?

The bottle is placed in baby Erika's mouth. She begins to suck on the nipple immediately. When the bottle is removed from her mouth but is still present, she continues to make sucking movements with her mouth. Which sensorimotor substage is baby Erika in?

What term is used to describe adolescents' belief that others are watching them and that they are on stage?

When infants begin experimenting with new behavior, they are engaging in:

_________ occurs when children adjust their schemes to take new information and experiences into account

The zone of proximal development is clearly linked to _____________, another concept from Vygotsky, which is defined as a changing level of support from a parent or teacher

According to Vygotsky, what statements concerning the development of internal and external speech are TRUE?

Why are children in the concrete operational stage able to perform conservation tasks?

In Piaget's theory, _________ is the grouping of isolated behaviors and thoughts into a higher-order system

What is the second stage of Piaget's cognitive theory of development?

Grasping, strategies for problem solving, driving a car, and balancing a budget are all examples of _______, according to Piaget

The _______ stage is the name of the Piagetian stage that occurs between birth and 2 years of age

______ operational thought is more abstract than _______ operational thought

Which of the following describe strategies belonging to Vygotsky that have been used in the classroom setting?

Researchers conclude that __________'s field of infant cognition has become more specialized and is more specific than once thought

Gisela Labouvie-Vief and her colleagues emphasize that in middle age, individuals become _____ inwardly reflective and ________ context-dependent in their thinking than they were as young adults

What is one of the hallmark aspects of the intuitive thought substage in Piaget's preoperational stage?

The failure to conserve demonstrates centration and an inability to mentally _________ actions

Piaget defined the _______ stage as a time when children can logically think about things as long as they can relate it to specific or concrete examples

What ability is NOT something that emerges in the concrete operational stage

According to Vygotsky's theory, children use speech and language directed toward themselves and others for what reasons?

According to Lev Vygotsky, the range of tasks that are too difficult for a child to master alone but can be mastered with guidance is known as the zone of ____________ development

What statements best illustrate the symbolic function substage?

________ and ________ exert stronger influences on cognitive development than Piaget maintained

What is NOT a method that reflects Piaget's ideas about learning?

According to Piaget, the characteristics of thought are ________ different in one stage compared to another

In Vygotsky's theory, the use of language for self-regulation is called ________ ________

Piaget believed that the way children reason at one stage is different from the way they reason at another stage. The difference in reasoning is considered to be:

Two-year-old Allison pretends that a banana is a phone. She is using the banana as a symbol demonstrating that she can reconstruct action and things in thought rather than relying on what is present. Allison is capable of:

According to Piaget, at what age does the sensorimotor period end?

According to Vygotsky's theory, the social _________ approach focuses on the social contexts of learning and the building of knowledge through social interactions

Formal operational thought includes what?

According to ________ theory, falling the conservation-of-liquid task demonstrates centration and an inability to mentally reverse actions; it indicates that the child is at the preoperational stage

What is considered a mental scheme?

What is considered a behavioral scheme?

The inability to distinguish between one's own perspective and someone else's perspective is called

What best describes the concept of private speech?

When preschoolers seem confident in their knowledge and understanding of the world, yet are not aware of how they know this information, Piaget states they are in __________ thought substage

An infant who coordinates schemes and intentionally is engaging in the ________ sensorimotor stage

According to Piaget, intentional representations of reality are called __________

Callie is a child with an easy-going temperament. One Saturday she spends the day with her cousin Lauren. Callie observes Lauren telling her father "No!" every time he asks her to do something. The next day when Callie is home, her mother asks her to bring her cup to the sink. Callie said, "No!" Which sensorimotor substage is Callie most likely in?

When infants repeat actions that bring interesting or pleasurable results, primarily with people or objects in their environment, they are most likely in the ______ sensorimotor substage

the awareness that an object does not change its basic properties or characteristics even when its appearance is altered is known as

Piaget believed that children _______ their own cognitive worlds

One of ________'s enduring contributions to childhood development is the understanding that concepts do not emerge suddenly, full-blown, but instead develop through a series of partial accomplishments

Research on the cognitive abilities associated with concrete operations indicates that some of the abilities emerge ________ Piaget proposed

A child playing hide-and-seek thinks he can't be seen just because he can't see the person looking for him. This is an example of the thought limitation of:

________ audience emerges from adolescents' belief that others are as interested in them as they themselves and that everyone is watching them

In comparing and contrasting Piaget's theory to Vygotsky's theory, what best describes their viewpoints?

Brent is an emerging adult studying cross-cultural anthropology, which gives him the opportunity to examine a range of variable perspectives regarding marriage and family structure and attitudes. This kind of thinking is best described as: