Psychologists define the learning process as what?
answer
The proess of acquiring through experience new and relativley enduring information or behaviors.
question
Pets that learn that the sound of an electric can opener signals arrival of there food, illustrates what?
answer
Associative learning
question
The acquisition of mental information by observing events by watching others or through language is ______.
answer
Cognitive learning
question
Classical conditioning a stimulus that elicits no response before conditioning is ____.
answer
NS- neutral stimulus
question
In Pavlov's experiments, taste of food triggered dogs salivation. Salivation to the taste of food was _____.
answer
UR- unconditioned response
question
A child's learned fear at the sight of a hypodermic needle is an example of ____.
answer
CR- conditional response
question
Male Japanese quail become sexually aroused by a red light that was repeatedly associated with presentation of female quail. The sexual arousal triggered by the red light was what?
answer
CS- Conditioned stimulus
question
Reappearance after time lapse of extinguished CR - Conditioned Response is called a _____.
answer
spontaneous recovery
question
Toddlers taught to fear moving cars may also develop a fear of trucks and motorcycles. This illustrates what?
answer
generalization
question
Tina is sexually aroused at the sight of her handsome boyfriend, but not aroused at the sight of her equally handsome brother. What does this illustrate the value of?
answer
discrimination
question
What form of learning is behavior influenced by consequences?
answer
operant conditioning
question
In an event that strengthens the behavior it follows is ____.
answer
Reinforcement
question
Taste of food and relief from a headache are both what type of reinforcement?
answer
Primary reinforcement
question
The way the slot machine rewards the gamble with money best illustrates what?
answer
conditioned reinforcer
question
The use of physical punishment may do what?
answer
Make the child more aggressive
1) Punished behavior is suppressed, not forgotten. This temporary state may (negatively) reinforce parents' punishing behavior.
2) Punishment teaches discrimination among situations.
3) Punishment can teach fear.
question
Alex learned how to make three pointers in basketball by successfully making short shots from increasingly longer distances. His learning strategy shows the process of ____.
answer
shaping
question
Classical and operant conditioning are forms of what?
answer
associative reasoning
question
Learned association between behaviors and resulting events is central to what type of conditioning or learning?
answer
basic idea
question
Learned association between two stimuli is central to what?
answer
generalization
question
After a week at college, Ann has formed a mental representation of the layout of campus and no longer gets lost. What has Ann developed or formed?
answer
cognitive map
question
Desire to perform a behavior due to promised rewards for threats of punishment involves what?
answer
Extrinsic motivation
question
4 year old Dustin and Joel have watched re-runs of Superman on television. Later, the boys mother found them on the roof about to experiment with flying. What accounts for the boys behavior?
answer
observational learning
question
Jeremy wears his baseball cap backwards because his older brother Trevor wears his that way. This illustrates the importance of___?
answer
modeling
question
In a well known experiment, preschool children pounded and kicked an inflated doll that an adult had just beaten on. This experiment served to illustrate importance of ____.
answer
observational learning
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