Ch 7 Practice Quiz

In which form of learning is behavior said to be influenced by its consequences?

Voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing consequences are called

Any stimulus that, when presented after a response, strengthens the response is called a(n)

A Skinner box is a(n)

Asking for dates is most likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

Spontaneous recovery refers to the

To assess whether Mrs. Webster had Alzheimer's disease, researchers conditioned her to blink in response to a sound that signaled the delivery of a puff of air directed toward her face. In this application of classical conditioning, the sound was a

Learning that certain events occur together is called

If a sea slug on repeated occasions receives an electric shock just after being squirted with water, its protective withdrawal response to a squirt of water grows stronger. This best illustrates

Watson and Rayner's study of Little Albert demonstrated how specific fears

After recovering from a serious motorcycle accident, Gina was afraid to ride a motorcycle but not a bicycle. Gina's pattern of fear best illustrates

In Pavlov's experiments, the dog's salivation triggered by the taste of food was a(n)

Who introduced the term behaviorism?

A fixed-interval schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)

Children often learn to associate pushing a vending machine button with the delivery of a candy bar. This best illustrates the process underlying

John B. Watson considered himself to be a(n)

Luana edits manuscripts for a publisher and is paid $25 for every three pages she edits. Luana is reinforced on a ________ schedule.

The more often Matthew is scolded following a temper tantrum, the more frequently he loses his temper. In this case, the scolding serves as a ________ for Matthew's temper tantrums.

To teach an animal to perform a complex sequence of behaviors, animal trainers are most likely to use a procedure known as

As you enter the kitchen after school you can smell chocolate chip cookies baking. This scent causes you to salivate. Your salivation is best explained by

Every Saturday morning, Arnold quickly washes the family's breakfast dishes so that his father will allow him to wash his car. In this instance, washing the car is a(n)

A fixed-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after a(n)

When 4-year-old Michael hit his sister, his Mom placed him in a time-out by having him stand in a corner for 4 minutes. A time-out is considered to be

For the most rapid acquisition of a CR, the CS should be presented

Closing your bedroom door so that you won't hear the TV that is interfering with your studying is an example of

Blake is a carpet installer who wants to be paid for each square foot of carpet he lays rather than with an hourly wage. Blake prefers working on a ________ schedule of reinforcement.

After receiving a painful shot from a female nurse in a white uniform, 3-year-old Vaclav experiences fear of any woman wearing a white dress. Vaclav's reaction best illustrates

The tendency for a CR to be evoked by stimuli similar to the CS is called

Little Albert was conditioned by John B. Watson to fear furry white rats. After conditioning, Albert also showed fear to rabbits, dogs, and fur coats. This best illustrates

In Pavlov's experiments, the taste of food triggered salivation in a dog. The food in the dog's mouth was the

Four-year-old Della asks her mother for a special treat every time they go to the grocery store. At first her mother granted every request, but now she does so less consistently. Research suggests that Della will

The reappearance, after a time lapse, of an extinguished CR is called

Robert was late for school, so he parked in a space reserved for teachers. Later, when he went to get his car, he noticed a yellow parking ticket under the windshield wiper. The parking ticket would be considered

Which of the following is true of positive and negative reinforcers?

Some of Pavlov's dogs learned to salivate to the sound of one particular tone and not to other tones. This illustrates the process of

Money is to food as ________ is to ________.

In classical conditioning, the

Ever since his mother began to give Julio gold stars for keeping his bed dry all night, Julio discontinued his habit of bed-wetting. His change in behavior best illustrates the value of

Despite the painful hangovers that follow his use of alcohol, Boris continues to drink because just a couple of drinks begin to reduce his anxiety. His continued drinking most clearly illustrates the power of

Most animals are best conditioned through reinforcers delivered immediately after the desired behavior is performed. What are these reinforcers called?

Which of the following is an unconditioned response?

A child who is punished for swearing at home but reinforced for swearing on the school playground is most likely to demonstrate a patterned habit of swearing that is indicative of

Associating a conditioned stimulus with a new neutral stimulus can create a second (often weaker) conditioned stimulus. This best illustrates

If a ringing bell causes a dog to salivate because the bell has been regularly associated with food in the mouth, the UR is the

The "psychic secretions" that interfered with Pavlov's experiments on digestion were

In Aldous Huxley's Brave New World, infants develop a fear of roses after roses are presented with electric shock. In this fictional example, the presentation of the roses is the

An allergy attack triggered by the sight of plastic flowers best illustrates the process of

Which of the following is the best example of a conditioned reinforcer?

Which of the following is true of negative reinforcement and punishment?

John B. Watson emphasized that

Innately satisfying stimuli that fulfill biological needs are called ________ reinforcers.

After he was spanked on several occasions for spilling his milk at a restaurant, Colin became afraid to go to the restaurant. In this case, spanking was a(n) ________ for Colin's fear.

Watching the night sky for shooting stars is likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

A variable-ratio schedule of reinforcement is one in which a response is reinforced only after

A choppy stop-start pattern of operant responding is associated with the ________ schedule of reinforcement.

Because Mandisa always picked up her newborn daughter when she cried, her daughter is now a real crybaby. In this case, picking up the infant served as a(n) ________ for crying.

A trainer wants to train a chicken to peck a key to obtain food. If she wants the chicken to learn this trick quickly and the behavior to be resistant to extinction, she should use ________ reinforcement until the response is mastered and then follow with a period of ________ reinforcement.

Which of the follow describes one of Watson's contributions to the study of learning?

The process of reinforcing successively closer approximations to a desired behavior is called

Purchasing state lottery tickets is reinforced with monetary winnings on a ________ schedule.

A psychologist would be most likely to use ________ to determine whether nonverbal organisms can perceive different colors.

Pets who learn that the sound of an electric can opener signals the arrival of their food illustrate

Which of the following behaviors is typically reinforced on a variable-ratio schedule?

An organism learns associations between events it does not control during the process of

Ivan Pavlov's experiments

Glancing at the television in the next room in hopes of seeing the beginning of the evening news is likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

According to B. F. Skinner, human behavior is controlled primarily by

Asking for dates is most likely to be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

By directly experiencing a thunderstorm, we learn that a flash of lightning signals an impending crash of thunder. This best illustrates

Coffee shops that reward customers with one free cup of coffee after every ten coffee purchases are using a ________ reinforcement schedule.

B. F. Skinner's work elaborated what E. L. Thorndike had called

You would be most likely to use operant conditioning to teach a dog to

The law of effect refers to the tendency to

In shaping a dog to "shake," the command "shake" would be the ________. When the dog slightly moves its paw, this would be a(n) ________.

The way slot machines reward gamblers with money best illustrates

On the first day of class, Professor Wallace tells her geography students that pop quizzes will be given at unpredictable times throughout the semester. Clearly, studying for Professor Wallace's surprise quizzes will be reinforced on a ________ schedule.

The removal of electric shock is to the receipt of good grades as ________ is to ________.

A young child who is spanked after running into the street learns not to repeat this behavior. In this case, the spanking is a

The removal of electric shock is to the receipt of good grades as ________ is to ________.

Skinner developed a behavioral technology that included a procedure known as

A stimulus that acquires reinforcing power by association with a primary reinforcer is called a ________ reinforcer.

Voluntary behaviors that produce rewarding or punishing consequences are called

Revoking the driver's license of a reckless driver is intended to serve as a

Jacqueline is sexually aroused by the sight of her handsome boyfriend but not by the sight of her equally handsome brother. This best illustrates the value of