Homework 7

TRUE

TRUE

TRUE

FALSE

FALSE

Tidal volume

Expiratory reserve volume

Residual volume

Functional residual capacity

decrease, increase

Total lung capacity

Vital Capacity

Inspiratory capacity

Residual Capacity

1) The direction of gas movement is determined by partial pressure differences. 2) At the arterial end of the pulmonary capillaries, O2 diffuses from the alveoli into the blood, while CO2 diffuses from the blood into the alveoli. 3) At the arterial end of the tissue capillaries, O2 diffuses from the blood into tissue cells, while CO2 diffuses from tissue cells into the blood. 4) The partial pressure of a gas is measured in millimeters of mercury. 5) At the venous end of tissue capillaries, there is no net movement of O2 and CO2.

1) The direction of gas movement is determined by partial pressure differences. 2) PO2 in lung is greater than PO2 in blood; PCO2 in lung is less than PCO2 in blood 3) PO2 in blood is greater than PO2 in tissues; PCO2 in blood is less than PCO2 in tissues 4) Oxygen-poor blood is carried through systemic veins from the body tissues back to the heart.

It remains at 21%

1) When oxygen binds to hemoglobin, it forms oxyhemoglobin. 2) The percentage of oxyhemoglobin to total hemoglobin in arterial blood is usually about 97%. 3) During the loading reaction, oxygen binds with deoxyhemoglobin. 4) Oxyhemoglobin in the veins is LOWER than in the arteries.

1) As bicarbonate ions 2) Attached to an amino acid in the globin chain of hemoglobin; carbaminohemoglobin 3) Dissolved in blood plasma

1) at the arterial ends of the pulmonary capillaries, the PO2 is lower in the capillaries than in the alveoli. 2) at the venous ends of the pulmonary capillaries, the PCO2 is equal in the capillaries and in the alveoli. 3) the ranking of PO2 from highest to lowest at the arterial ends of the tissue capillaries: capillaries, tissue fluid, cells. 4) When partial pressures for a given gas are equal between the capillaries and the tissue fluids, no net movement of that gas occurs. 5) Gases diffuse because of differences in partial pressures from areas of higher pressure to areas of lower pressure.

The partial pressure is equal to the percentage of the gas in the mixture multiplied by the total pressure.

acidosis, alkalosis *Hypoventilation can cause an increase in carbon dioxide levels in the blood, resulting in a decrease in pH, which is known as acidosis. Hyperventilation can cause the opposite effect, resulting in alkalosis.

the visceral correct pleura.

1) The temperature of the fluid 2) The partial pressure of the gas 3) The solubility of the gas

1) During quiet inspiration, the intrapulmonary pressure is below atmospheric pressure. 2) During exhalation, the intrapulmonary pressure is greater than atmospheric pressure. 3) During inspiration, the intrapleural pressure is LOWER than during expiration. 4) Intrapulmonary pressure is normally HIGHER than intrapleural pressure during inspiration and expiration.

1) During hypoventilation (inadequate ventilation), the partial pressure of carbon dioxide increases. 2) During hypoventilation, pH levels decrease. 3) An increase in arterial CO2 causes a decrease in pH in the cerebrospinal fluid. 4) When pH levels decline, chemoreceptors are stimulated to decrease ventilation.

lung compliance

elasticity

Pulmonary surfactant

surface tension

1) The percentage of oxyhemoglobin in arterial blood remains at 97%. 2) The oxygen-hemoglobin dissociation curve would show an increase in oxyhemoglobin saturation from the veins to the arteries. 3) The percentage of oxygen that is unloading at the tissues would increase.

Trachea Nose Larynx Pharynx Primary bronchus Tertiary bronchus Terminal bronchioles

Alveoli Respiratory bronchioles Alveolar sacs