Chp 14 Physio

25 July 2022
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question
Which of the following equations correctly relates flow, pressure, and resistance
answer
pressure = flow Γ— resistance
question
What is the driving force for blood flow through the systemic circuit?
answer
mean arterial pressure
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In comparison to the systemic circuit, the pulmonary circuit
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has lower resistance to blood flow
question
Which of the following would increase the rate of blood flow through a blood vessel?
answer
increased pressure of the blood entering the vessel
question
Which of the following equations is correct?
answer
cardiac output = stroke volume Γ— heart rate
question
Which of the following is NOT a component of the microcirculation?
answer
veins
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The lumen of every blood vessel is lined by a monolayer of what cell type
answer
endothelial cells
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What is/are the component(s) of a blood vessel's extracellular matrix that provide(s) the tensile strength required to withstand pressure?
answer
collagen
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The elastic nature of the largest blood vessel's walls allows them to act as a ________, maintaining the driving force for blood flow while the heart is relaxed during diastole.
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pressure reservoir
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The blood vessels of largest diameter are the ________, and the blood vessels with the thickest walls are the ________.
answer
veins : arteries
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What component of artery walls allows them to store energy that is later used to maintain continuous blood flow through the circulatory system?
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elastin
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Arteries have ________ compliance and ________ resistance to flow.
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low : low
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What is a measure of the change in vascular volume as pressure within the vessel is altered
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compliance
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Resistance to blood flow is regulated primarily by what blood vessels
answer
arterioles
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In the circulatory system, the largest pressure drop occurs across which blood vessels
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arterioles
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The total cross-sectional area is greatest in which blood vessels
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capillaries
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The contractile activity of smooth muscle cells within which type of blood vessel is primarily involved in the control of the organ blood flow and mean arterial pressure?
answer
arterioles
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Blood flow velocity is inversely proportional to the pooled surface area of a structure; therefore, it is greatest in the ________ and slowest in the ________.
answer
arteries : capillaries
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Which of the following statements about smooth muscle in arterioles is FALSE
answer
The muscle is multi-unit smooth muscle.
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What is the purpose of extrinsic control of arteriolar smooth muscle contractile activity
answer
regulate mean arterial pressure
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Which of the following chemicals' concentration is NOT increased by an elevation in metabolic activity
answer
oxygen
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Chemicals released by metabolically active cells will cause which of the following
answer
relaxation of arteriolar smooth muscle to increase blood flow
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What is a decrease in tissue oxygen called?
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hypoxia
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What is an increase in blood flow in response to an increase in tissue metabolic activity called?
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active hyperemia
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In response to a decrease in tissue metabolic activity, tissue oxygen concentrations ________, which causes a(n) ________.
answer
increase : constriction of the arterioles
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A decrease in pressure within an arteriole will initiate a(n)
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myogenic response
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Which of the following accurately compares active hyperemia to reactive hyperemia?
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One is caused by increased metabolic activity, the other in response to an increase in metabolites from an occlusion to blood flow.
question
An increase in the concentration of which of the following within the interstitial space surrounding an arteriole would cause that vessel to constrict?
answer
oxygen
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Which of the following would decrease mean arterial pressure
answer
increase in arteriole diameter
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What type of adrenergic receptor is found in the smooth muscle of most systemic arterioles?
answer
alpha only
question
The effects of epinephrine on vascular resistance are dependent upon which of the following
answer
relative distribution of alpha and beta receptors
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In cardiac and skeletal muscle vasculature, the distribution of alpha and beta receptors is such that epinephrine will
answer
induce a dilation that increases blood flow to these tissues.