All of the following criteria define a mineral except:
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It is organic.
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.Which of the following pairs of elements are the most abundant in the continental crust?
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Silicon and oxygen
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Regardless of their size, all rocks are made up of __________.
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minerals
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Minerals must be solid, have an orderly atomic structure, have a recognized chemical composition, be naturally occurring, and __________.
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be generally inorganic in origin
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A scientist creates diamonds using high-pressure laboratory experiments. These diamonds are not considered minerals because which of the following requirements has been violated?
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Minerals must occur naturally.
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Why glass is not considered a mineral?
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Glass has a disorderly atomic structure.
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The external expression of a mineral's orderly internal arrangement of atoms is referred to as:
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its crystal form.
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The property of cleavage reflects:
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mechanical breakage along planes of weakness within the mineral.
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In the field, you find an unidentified mineral that is clear, exhibits conchoidal fracture, and can scratch glass. This mineral is most likely:
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quartz
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While studying some sedimentary rocks in your field area, you find a mineral with rhombohedral cleavage that reacts with hydrochloric acid. You determine that this mineral is:
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calcite.
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Hardness describes a mineral's __________.
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resistance to being scratched
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Suppose you found a mineral crystal that looked like topaz. What two minerals could you use in a scratch test to help determine if the mineral is indeed topaz?
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Corundum and quartz
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What is the basic foundation of Moh's hardness scale?
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If a mineral scratches an object, then the mineral is harder than the object.
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Name the hardest and softest mineral on the Moh's scale.
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Diamond (hardest) and talc (softest)
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The amount or quality of light that is reflected from a mineral surface is known as __________.
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luster
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What causes the same mineral to occur in varieties that are different colors?
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A small amount of impurities in the crystal structure.
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Which of the following best describes the term streak?
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The color of a powdered form of a mineral produced by rubbing it across a hard surface.
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Since color is not a very useful way to identify a mineral, what other optical property or properties can be used?
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Luster and streak
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Which of the following best describes the term cleavage?
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Cleavage is the splitting of minerals along natural planes of weakness.
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What causes a lack of cleavage in some minerals?
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Bonds of equal strength in all directions
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Which of the following exhibits three sets of cleavage at 90° angles?
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Galena
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Hornblende has _____ cleavage planes at _____ angles.
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two; non-90°
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Quartz exhibits __________.
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conchoidal fracture
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Why is sugar NOT considered a mineral?
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It is an organic compound.
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