ESCI 1001 Quiz 2

A tsunami is _________________ .

Which of the following statements about the distribution of earthquakes is TRUE? Select one or more: a. Earthquakes occur exclusively in the interior of plates b. Earthquakes are evenly distributed around the globe c. Earthquakes are randomly distributed around the globe d. Earthquakes occur in discrete belts, along plate boundaries

Earthquake waves that pass through the interior of the Earth are called _____________

Which type of seismic waves do not travel through liquid? Select one or more: a. S-waves b. R-waves c. L-waves d. P-waves

hich of the following questions about earthquakes is FALSE? Select one or more: a. Earthquakes form diffuse belts at continent-continent collisions b. Earthquake depths range from shallow to deep at subduction zones c. The largest magnitude earthquakes occur at transform boundaries d. Earthquake depths are shallow at oceanic divergent boundaries

Which of the following statements about earthquakes is FALSE? Select one or more: a. Fault motion associated with earthquakes is called stick-slip behavior b. Most earthquakes occur along faults c. Movement that occurs along faults during earthquakes is called displacement d. The hypocenter is the land surface above where the earthquake occurs

Which of the following statements about seismic waves is FALSE? Select one or more: a. R-waves move like ripples on the surface of the earth b. P-waves move in a push-pull motion that is parallel to wave propagation direction c. S-waves are faster than P-waves d. L-waves move in a snakelike fashion on the surface of the earth

Which of the following statements about seismic waves is FALSE? Select one or more: a. The greater the time between P-wave and S-wave arrival, the farther from the epicenter b. P-wave and S-wave arrival time from one seismic station (seismometer) is enough to determine the epicenter c. First arrivals of P-waves and S-waves varies with distance d. Seismographs measure wave arrivals and magnitude of motion

Which of the following statements is FALSE? Select one or more: a. The Mercalli intensity scale is based on the energy released by an earthquake b. The Moment Magnitude scale is logarithmic, so a M 7.0 earthquake is approximately 32 times larger than a M 6.0 c. Large earthquakes are less common than small earthquakes d. The Richter scale is based on the amplitude of the wave recorded on the seismograph

Which of the following does NOT influence the severity of shaking felt during an earthquake? Select one or more: a. Magnitude of the earthquake b. The time of day that the earthquake occurs c. nature of the subsurface: bedrock vs. sediments d. Distance from the hypocenter

Which of the following statements is FALSE? Select one or more: a. During liquefaction, high pore pressure forces grains apart and increases friction b. Earthquake-related shaking can cause slope failure in the form of landslides c. Earthquakes can cause tsunamis d. Liquefaction can be a major problem in areas on top of wet sediment

Which of the following about earthquake prediction is FALSE? Select one or more: a. Long-term prediction is dependent on earthquake recurrence intervals and historical records b. Short-term precursors to earthquakes are clustered foreshocks and evidence of crustal strain c. Earthquakes can be accurately predicted down to hours to days d. Earthquakes can be predicted on the order of 10s to 100s of years

What are earthquakes?

What causes earthquakes?

seismometers

faults

sesimicity

epicenter

hypocenter

most intensity of earthquakes experienced here

displacement

tectonic stresses force to rock to break (3 steps)

Body Waves

p waves (3)

motion of p waves

s waves (4)

Surface waves

r waves

l waves

seismology

mercalli scale

earthquake occurance

Earthquake harzards

earthquake prediction

Which of the following statements about the definition of a mineral is FALSE? Select one or more: a. A mineral must be a solid b. A mineral must be organic c. A mineral must have a regularly repeating crystalline structure d. A mineral must have a definable chemical composition e. A mineral must be naturally occurring

The strength of chemical bonds affects the hardness of minerals: the stronger the bonding, the harder the mineral. Which of the following bond types produces the hardest minerals? Select one or more: a. ionic bonds b. Metallic c. Van der Waals bonds d. covalent bonds e. intermolecular bond

Two distinct minerals that have the same chemical composition, but different crystalline structures, such as diamond and graphite, are called____________________. Select one or more: a. Isotopes b. Pseudomorphs c. Polymorphs d. Trimorphs e. Diamorphs

Which of the following statements is FALSE? Select one or more: a. Silicates consist of Silica (SiO4) tetrahedra b. Calcite is a common carbonate mineral c. Carbonates are the most common mineral group in the earth's crust d. Silicates are commonly referred to as rock-forming minerals e. Mafic and felsic are two groups of silicate minerals

Which of the following statements is FALSE? Select one or more: a. Magnetite (Fe3O4) is a common iron (Fe) ore b. Mafic minerals commonly have one or more of the elements Na, K, or Al c. Felsic minerals include minerals such as quartz and muscovite d. Oxides are minerals where oxygen + a metallic cation, such as Fe e. Mafic minerals include minerals such as olivine and pyroxene

Which of the following is NOT a mineral? Select one or more: a. quartz b. calcite c. ice d. volcanic glass e. halite

Which of the following statements about the formation of rocks is FALSE? Select one or more: a. Igneous rocks form by crystallization of magma within the earth b. Sedimentary rocks form from the precipitation of minerals out of a solution c. Igneous rocks form from solidification of lava at the surface of the earth d. Sedimentary rocks form the cementation and lithification of sediments (rock fragments) e. Metamorphic rocks form from increase pressure and temperature that causes recrystallization and melting

Which of the following statements is FALSE? Select one or more: a. Sedimentary rocks commonly form deep within the earth b. Igneous rocks form deep within the earth's crust c. Metamorphic rocks form deep within the earth's crust d. Within the rock cycle, any rock type can become another rock type

Sedimentary rocks are commonly held together by ______________? Select one or more: a. solidified magma b. cement c. interlocking crystals d. fused together crystals Feedback

Which of the following statements about earthquakes is FALSE? Select one or more: a. Crustal strain and stress triggering are newer methods that can aid in determining earthquakes in the short-term b. We can make accurate short-term (hours to days) predictions of earthquakes c. We can make accurate long-term (10s to 100s of years) predictions of earthquakes d. Historical records are useful for determining earthquake recurrence interval along a fault zone

Earth minerals

Ionic bonds

covalent bonds

why diamonds and graphite are different

polymorphs

how do minerals form?

mineral formations

mafic

felsic

carbonates

rock types

igneous

sedementary

metamorphic

crystalline bond

silicates